View source for Bagnoli

{{Other uses}}
{{Expand Italian|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Bagnoli
| settlement_type    = [[Quarters of Naples|Quarter]]
| image_skyline      = BagnoliNa.jpg
| image_map          = Napoli Quartiere Bagnoli.svg
| map_caption        = Location of Bagnoli within Naples
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|Italy}}
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[Regions of Italy|Region]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Campania]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[City]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Naples]]
| subdivision_type3  = ''[[Circoscrizione]]''
| subdivision_name3  = [[10th municipality of Naples|10th]]
| postal_code        = 80137
| area_total_km2     = 7.96
| population_total   = 23333
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = bagnolesi
}}
{{Coord|40|48|50.24|N|14|9|57.33|E|region:IT|display=title}}
[[Image:Bagnolipier.JPG|thumb|250px|The converted industrial pier, now a public promenade, in Bagnoli.]]
'''Bagnoli''' is a western seaside [[quartiere|quarter]] of [[Naples]], Italy, well beyond the confines of the original city. It is beyond Cape [[Posillipo]] and, thus, looking on the coast of the Bay of [[Pozzuoli]].
== Industrialization and World War II ==
Bagnoli was one of the sites of Naples' industrialization in the early 20th century, with the construction of a steel mill. During [[World War II]] Bagnoli was damaged as a result of the [[Bombing of Naples in World War II|bombings of Naples]].
After World War II, Bagnoli was overbuilt by virtually uncontrolled construction and then suffered [[urban decay]]. The first decade of the 21st century saw the removal of the steel mill and some improvement in the physical and visual landscape of the area, including the construction of a public educational facility and convention center called [[Città della Scienza]] ("Science City") as well as the conversion of the long ex-steel-mill industrial pier to a public [[promenade]].
== Bagnoli Displaced Persons Camp ==
Between 1946 and 1951 Bagnoli was the site<ref>Coordinates: {{coord|40|49|16.2|N|14|9|58.65|E|type:landmark_region:IT|display=inline|name=Site of Bagnoli Displaced Persons Camp}}</ref> of a [[Displaced Persons camp]] run by the [[International Refugee Organization]]. The complex occupied by the camp was originally built to provide a home for young people in need by the [[:it:Istituto Banco di Napoli - Fondazione|Bank of Naples Foundation]] on the occasion of the four hundredth anniversary of its foundation. The facility, "Collegio [[Costanzo Ciano]]", was a novelty in the field of social architecture in that it responded to the need to "ensure intellectual and political education, physical training and gymnastics".<ref name="Fuorigrotta">[http://www.archiviolala.it/argomenti/argomenti_06.html "Le opere pubbliche"] — a web site about the history of [[Fuorigrotta]], the adjoining suburb to Bagnoli. {{in lang|it}}</ref> It contained schools, dormitories, infirmaries, workshops, sports building, a church and the theater, all set in a pleasant landscape setting.
The project, designed by Francesco Silvestri, was divided into a series of [[Terrace garden|terrace]]s facing south which required substantial earthworks. The area chosen extended about 320 thousand square meters and was located between the district of Bagnoli, the slopes of the adjoining hills and the boundaries of site of the Triennial Exhibition of Overseas Italian Territories ({{langx|it|Triennale d'Oltremare}}) at [[Fuorigrotta]]. The complex was designed to house approximately 2500 students of both sexes.<ref name="Fuorigrotta"/>
The work lasted a little over a year and was completed in April 1940 to coincide with the completion of the exhibition. On May 9, 1940 [[Victor Emmanuel III]] officially opened the College and the Triennial Exhibition.<ref name="Fuorigrotta"/>
The facility was occupied by the Italian War Ministry until 1942 when it was turned over to [[Gioventù Italiana del Littorio]], the youth movement of the [[National Fascist Party|Italian Fascist Party]], later, to the Germans for an [[Officer Candidate School]] until 1943.<ref name=AFSOUTH>[http://www.afsouth.nato.int/organization/CC_MAR_Naples/NAVSOUTH/history.htm Veltri, F. (undated) ''AFSOUTH, 1951-2004: Over fifty years working for peace and stability''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328062647/http://www.afsouth.nato.int/organization/CC_MAR_Naples/NAVSOUTH/history.htm |date=2010-03-28 }}</ref>
In 1944 it became an Italian orphanage. In mid-February 1944, the 765th US Squadron occupied the site.<ref>[http://www.istrianet.org/istria/history/1800-present/immigration/refugee-camps.htm Post World War II — Refugee Camps and Holding Stations]</ref>
After World War II, it was used as a Displaced Persons camp, housing between 8,000 and 10,000 refugees, mainly from Eastern Europe, who were being processed for immigration to various countries including Argentina, Australia, Canada, and the USA. At one time there were complaints about disease and children dying.<ref>[http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2753827#pstart767693 ''The Canberra Times''. Monday 21 November 1949, p.1]</ref>
An [[War crime|atrocity]] by the [[Allies of World War II|Western Allies]] was knowingly committed at the refugee camp after World War II as part of "[[Operation Keelhaul]]" which was the last forced repatriation from Bagnoli as well as other refugee camps at Aversa, Pisa, and Riccione, of about one thousand displaced people who were categorized correctly, or incorrectly, as ex-Soviet citizens. Their ultimate fate was execution or imprisonment in the [[Gulag]] of Soviet Russia.<ref>Tolstoy, N. (1977). ''[[The Secret Betrayal]]''. Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 360. {{ISBN|0-684-15635-0}}.</ref>
Relocation of [[Allied Joint Force Command Naples|Allied Forces Southern Europe]] (AFSOUTH) to the area previously occupied by the camp at Bagnoli started in January 1953, and the new complex was formally activated on 4 April 1954, the day of the 5th anniversary of the [[NATO|North Atlantic Treaty]].<ref name=AFSOUTH/>
== Notes and references ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* [http://binged.it/ZyRo3c "Bird's eye" view of the Bagnoli DP Camp complex today]
* [http://www.coasit.com.au/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll?BU=&TN=IHSnew&RF=Web%3EIHSfull&MR=&AC=QBE_QUERY&CS=2&QY=Number%3D+P-06202 Image 1], [http://www.coasit.com.au/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll?BU=&TN=IHSnew&RF=Web%3EIHSfull&MR=&AC=QBE_QUERY&CS=2&QY=Number%3D+P-01545 Image 2] of Bagnoli DP Camp
* [http://www.istrianet.org/istria/people/memories/ghersi_bagnoli.htm A personal account of life at Bagnoli refugee camp] at istrianet.org - People, Memories
* [http://www.istrianet.org/istria/history/1800-present/immigration/refugee-camps.htm Post World War II — Refugee Camps and Holding Stations] at istrianet.org
* [http://www.dpcamps.org/Bagnoli16.jpg Example of a Displaced Person] who was processed at Bagnoli migrant camp and who migrated to Australia.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091017102907/http://www.italianlives.arts.uwa.edu.au/stories/martini/gallery/09_idcert Example of an Italian Displaced Person] who was processed at Bagnoli refugee camp and who migrated to Australia.
* [http://www.usarmygermany.com/units/HqUSAREUR/USAREUR_AFSOUTH.htm Images of the former DP Camp in use by AFSOUTH.]
{{Subdivisions of Naples}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Quartieri of Naples]]
[[Category:Displaced persons camps in the aftermath of World War II]]