View source for Banksia subser. Leptophyllae

{{Short description|Subseries in the family Proteaceae}}
{{Use Australian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Banksia leptophylla2 burmard email.jpg
|image_caption = ''[[Banksia leptophylla]]'' (Slender-leaved Banksia), the type species of ''B.'' subser. ''Leptophyllae''
|taxon = Banksia subser. Leptophyllae
|authority = [[Kevin Thiele|K.R.Thiele]]
}}
'''''Banksia'' subser. ''Leptophyllae''''' is a
valid [[botanic name]] for a [[subseries]] of ''[[Banksia]]''. It was published by [[Kevin Thiele]] in 1996, but discarded by [[Alex George (botanist)|Alex George]] in 1999.
==Cladistics==
The name came about after a [[cladistics|cladistic analysis]] of ''Banksia'' by Thiele and [[Pauline Ladiges]] yielded a [[phylogeny]] somewhat at odds with the accepted taxonomic arrangement, prompting them to publish [[Thiele and Ladiges' taxonomic arrangement of Banksia|a revised arrangement]]. Their [[cladogram]] contained a clade that corresponded closely to George's [[Banksia ser. Abietinae|''B.''&nbsp;ser. ''Abietinae'']]. This clade resolved into four subclades, for which Thiele published four corresponding subseries. ''B.'' subser. ''Leptophyllae'' was based upon the fourth subclade:<ref name="Thiele 1996">{{Cite journal | first1 = Kevin | last1 = Thiele | author-link1 = Kevin Thiele | first2 = Pauline Y. | last2 = Ladiges | author-link2 = Pauline Ladiges | year = 1996 | title = A Cladistic Analysis of Banksia (Proteaceae) | journal = [[Australian Systematic Botany]] | volume = 9 | issue = 5 | pages = 661–733 | doi = 10.1071/SB9960661}}</ref>
{{Clade
|1=''[[Banksia telmatiaea|B.&nbsp;telmatiaea]]''
|2={{Clade
|1=''[[Banksia scabrella|B.&nbsp;scabrella]]''
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Banksia leptophylla var. melletica|''B.&nbsp;leptophylla'' var. ''melletica'']]
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Banksia leptophylla var. leptophylla|''B.&nbsp;leptophylla'' var. ''leptophylla'']]
|2=''[[Banksia lanata|B.&nbsp;lanata]]''
}}
}}
}}
}}
==Taxonomy==
''B.''&nbsp;subser. ''Leptophyllae'' was formally defined as containing those taxa with "indurated and spinescent common bracts on the infructescence axes, and densely arachnose seedling stems." The epithet ''Leptophyllae'' is taken from the specific epithet of the type species, ''[[Banksia leptophylla|B.&nbsp;leptophylla]]'' (slender-leaved banksia), from the [[Greek language|Greek]] ''leptos'' ("fine, slender") and ''phyllon'' (leaf). It was selected as appropriate for the subseries, the species of which have long leaves that are narrower than most other species in ''B.''&nbsp;ser. ''Abietinae''.<ref name="Thiele 1996"/>
The placement and circumscription of ''B.''&nbsp;subser. ''Leptophyllae'' in Thiele and Ladiges' arrangement may be summarised as follows:<ref name="Thiele 1996"/>
:'''''[[Banksia]]'''''
::[[Banksia subg. Isostylis|''B.''&nbsp;subg. ''Isostylis'']] (3 species)
::''[[Banksia elegans|B.&nbsp;elegans]]'' ([[incertae sedis]])
::'''[[Banksia subg. Banksia|''B.''&nbsp;subg. ''Banksia'']]'''
:::[[Banksia ser. Tetragonae|''B.''&nbsp;ser. ''Tetragonae'']] (4 species)
:::[[Banksia ser. Lindleyanae|''B.''&nbsp;ser. ''Lindleyanae'']] (1 species)
:::[[Banksia ser. Banksia|''B.''&nbsp;ser. ''Banksia'']] (2 subseries, 12 species)
:::''[[Banksia baueri|B.&nbsp;baueri]]'' (incertae sedis)
:::''[[Banksia lullfitzii|B.&nbsp;lullfitzii]]'' (incertae sedis)
:::''[[Banksia attenuata|B.&nbsp;attenuata]]'' (incertae sedis)
:::''[[Banksia ashbyi|B.&nbsp;ashbyi]]'' (incertae sedis)
:::''[[Banksia coccinea|B.&nbsp;coccinea]]'' (incertae sedis)
:::[[Banksia ser. Prostratae|''B.''&nbsp;ser. ''Prostratae'']] (8 species)
:::[[Banksia ser. Cyrtostylis|''B.''&nbsp;ser. ''Cyrtostylis'']] (4 species)
:::[[Banksia ser. Ochraceae|''B.''&nbsp;ser. ''Ochraceae'']] (3 species, 2 subspecies)
:::[[Banksia ser. Grandes|''B.''&nbsp;ser. ''Grandes'']] (2 species)
:::[[Banksia ser. Salicinae|''B.''&nbsp;ser. ''Salicinae'']] (2 subseries, 11 species, 4 subspecies)
:::[[Banksia ser. Spicigerae|''B.''&nbsp;ser. ''Spicigerae'']] (3 subseries, 7 species, 6 varieties)
:::[[Banksia ser. Quercinae|''B.''&nbsp;ser. ''Quercinae'']] (2 species)
:::[[Banksia ser. Dryandroideae|''B.''&nbsp;ser. ''Dryandroideae'']] (1 species)
:::'''[[Banksia ser. Abietinae|''B.''&nbsp;ser. ''Abietinae'']]'''
::::[[Banksia subser. Nutantes|''B.''&nbsp;subser. ''Nutantes'']] (1 species, 2 varieties)
::::[[Banksia subser. Sphaerocarpae|''B.''&nbsp;subser. ''Sphaerocarpae'']] (4 species, 2 varieties)
::::'''''B.''&nbsp;subser. ''Leptophyllae'''''
:::::''[[Banksia telmatiaea|B.&nbsp;telmatiaea]]''
:::::''[[Banksia scabrella|B.&nbsp;scabrella]]''
:::::''[[Banksia leptophylla|B.&nbsp;leptophylla]]''
::::::[[Banksia leptophylla var. melletica|''B.&nbsp;leptophylla'' var. ''melletica'']]
::::::[[Banksia leptophylla var. leptophylla|''B.&nbsp;leptophylla'' var. ''leptophylla'']]
:::::''[[Banksia lanata|B.&nbsp;lanata]]''
::::[[Banksia subser. Longistyles|''B.''&nbsp;subser. ''Longistyles'']] (6 species, 2 varieties)
Thiele and Ladiges' arrangement remained current only until 1999, when George's treatment of the genus for the ''[[Flora of Australia (series)|Flora of Australia]]'' series of monographs was published. This was essentially a revision of George's 1981 arrangement,<ref name="George 1981">{{The genus Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae)}}</ref> which took into account some of Thiele and Ladiges' data, but rejected their overall arrangement. ''B.''&nbsp;subser. ''Leptophyllae'' was discarded, as were the other three subseries of ''B.''&nbsp;ser. ''Abietinae''.<ref name="George 1999">{{Cite encyclopedia | last = George | first = Alex S. | author-link = Alex George (botanist) | year = 1999 | title = Banksia | editor-last = Wilson | editor-first = Annette | encyclopedia = [[Flora of Australia (series)|Flora of Australia]] | volume = 17B: Proteaceae 3: Hakea to Dryandra | pages = 175–251 | location = Collingwood, Victoria | publisher = [[CSIRO Publishing]] / [[Australian Biological Resources Study]] | isbn = 0-643-06454-0}}</ref>
==Recent developments==
Since 1998, [[Austin Mast]] has been publishing results of ongoing cladistic analyses of [[DNA sequence]] data for the subtribe [[Banksiinae]]. His analyses suggest a [[phylogeny]] that is rather different from previous taxonomic arrangements. With respect to ''B.''&nbsp;subser. ''Leptophyllae'', Mast's results accord closely with the arrangement of Thiele and Ladiges, inferring a [[polytomous]] clade corresponding exactly with Thiele and Ladiges' subseries, with ''[[Banksia grossa|B.&nbsp;grossa]]'' (Coarse Banksia) as the nearest [[Outgroup (cladistics)|outgroup]]:<ref name="Mast 1998">{{Cite journal | last = Mast | first = Austin R. | author-link = Austin Mast | year = 1998 | title = Molecular systematics of subtribe Banksiinae (''Banksia'' and ''Dryandra''; Proteaceae) based on cpDNA and nrDNA sequence data: implications for taxonomy and biogeography | journal = Australian Systematic Botany | volume = 11 | pages = 321–342 | doi = 10.1071/SB97026 | issue = 4}}</ref><ref name="Mast 2002">{{Cite journal | last1 = Mast | first1 = Austin R. | last2 = Givnish | first2 = Thomas J. | author-link2 = Thomas J. Givnish | year = 2002 | title = Historical biogeography and the origin of stomatal distributions in ''Banksia'' and ''Dryandra'' (Proteaceae) based on Their cpDNA phylogeny | journal = [[American Journal of Botany]] | volume = 89 | issue = 8 | pages = 1311–1323 | doi = 10.3732/ajb.89.8.1311 | pmid = 21665734 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Mast 2005">{{Cite journal | author = Mast, Austin R. | author2 = Eric H. Jones | author3 = Shawn P. Havery | name-list-style = amp | year = 2005 | volume = 18 | issue = 1 | title = An assessment of old and new DNA sequence evidence for the paraphyly of ''Banksia'' with respect to ''Dryandra'' (Proteaceae) | journal = Australian Systematic Botany | pages = 75–88 | publisher = CSIRO Publishing / Australian Systematic Botany Society | doi = 10.1071/SB04015}}</ref>
Early in 2007 Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement of ''Banksia'' by transferring ''Dryandra'' into it, and publishing [[Banksia subg. Spathulatae|''B.''&nbsp;subg. ''Spathulatae'']] for the species having spoon-shaped [[cotyledon]]s. All members of subseries ''Leptophyllae'' fall within Mast and Thiele's ''B.''&nbsp;subg. ''Spathulatae'', but nothing further has been published. Mast and Thiele have foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of ''Dryandra'' is complete.<ref name="Mast 2007">{{Cite journal | first1 = Austin | last1 = Mast | first2 = Kevin | last2 = Thiele  | year = 2007 | title = The transfer of Dryandra R.Br. to Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae) | journal = [[Australian Systematic Botany]] | volume = 20 | pages = 63–71 | doi = 10.1071/SB06016}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q4856742}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Banksia subser. Leptophyllae}}
[[Category:Banksia taxa by scientific name| subser. Leptophyllae]]
[[Category:Eudicots of Western Australia]]
[[Category:Plant subseries]]