View source for Bartizan

{{short description|Small turret projecting from the top of towers or parapets}}
{{redirect|Guerite|the American actress (1879–1947)|Laura Guerite}}
[[File:Bartizan (PSF).jpg|thumb|Drawing of a bartizan]]
A '''bartizan''' (an alteration of ''bratticing''), also called a '''guerite''', '''''garita''''', or '''''échauguette''''', or spelled '''bartisan''', is an overhanging [[Turret (architecture)|turret]] projecting from the walls of late-medieval and early-modern [[fortification]]s from the early 14th century up to the 18th century.<ref>{{Nuttall|inline=1|title=Bartizan}}</ref> Most frequently found at corners, they protected a warder and enabled him to see his surroundings. Bartizans are generally furnished with [[Architectural glossary#O|oillet]]s or [[arrow slit]]s.<ref>{{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Bartizan|volume=3|page=450}}</ref> The turret was usually supported by stepped masonry [[corbel]]s and could be round, polygonal or square.<ref name=pevsner1>{{cite book |title=Pevsner's Architectural Glossary |year=2010 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-16721-4 |editor=Bradley, Simon |page=219}}</ref><ref name="sturgis219">{{cite book |last1=Sturgis |first1=Russell |title=A Dictionary of Architecture and Building, Volume I |date=1901 |publisher=Macmillan |page=219}}</ref>
Bartizans were incorporated into many notable examples of [[Scottish Baronial architecture]]. In the [[architecture of Aberdeen]], the new Town House, built in 1868–74, incorporates bartizans in the West Tower.
== Gallery ==
=== On walls ===
<gallery widths="180" heights="150">
File:Round Bartizan, Fortaleza de Santiago, Sesimbra, Portugal.JPG|''Guarita'' at Fortaleza de Santiago, [[Sesimbra Municipality]], [[Portugal]]
File:Sudika Isla watchtower.jpg|''Gardjola'' at [[Fortifications of Senglea|the Spur]], [[Senglea]], [[Malta]]
File:Canuelo-2.jpg|''Garita'' at [[El Cañuelo]] in the [[San Juan Bay|Bay of San Juan]], [[Puerto Rico]]
File:Bartizan.jpg|South-East Bartizan on [[Greenknowe Tower]], Scottish Borders (and another one in the background)
File:Ft de Chartres-bastion-1.jpg|Bartizan at [[Fort de Chartres]], a French colonial era fort in [[Illinois]] on the [[Mississippi River]]
File:Garita at Castillo de San Cristobal-Detail.jpg|''Garita'' at [[Castillo San Cristóbal (San Juan)]] in [[San Juan, Puerto Rico]]
File:JerusalemBevingrad.jpg|A bartizan-style British concrete position at Sergei courtyard, [[Jerusalem]]. This is probably the sole existing testimony of the British "[[Operation Kilshon|Bevingrad]]" constructed in 1946.
File:Devil's Sentry Box or the "Garita del Diablo", en el Morro y el Atlantico.tiff|Devil's Sentry Box, or the "Garita del Diablo", San Cristóbal Castle, in San Juan, Puerto Rico
Port Vendres Fort del Fanal (2).jpg|Bartizan of Fort del Fanal in [[Port-Vendres]], Roussillon, France
</gallery>
=== On towers ===
<gallery widths="150" heights="180">
File:Town House, top of West Tower, Aberdeen, Peddie and Kinnear, 1868-74, photo Jane Cartney 2010RESIZED200.jpg|Bartizans on the West Tower of the new Town House in [[Aberdeen]], [[Scotland]], 1868–1874
File:Torre de belem vista do tejo.jpg|[[Manueline]] ''Guaritas'' at [[Belém Tower]] in [[Lisbon]], Portugal
File:Feartagar Castle, County Galway - bartizans.jpg|Bartizans at [[Feartagar Castle]], [[Ireland]]
File:'s-Heerenberg Huis Bergh Hof 4.jpg|Courtyard of Bergh House, 's-Heerenberg, Netherlands
File:Vredespaleis 1.JPG|The [[Peace Palace]] bell tower, [[The Hague]], Netherlands
File:A belváros (The city centre) - panoramio.jpg|[[Martinstor]], Freiburg, Germany
</gallery>
== See also ==
{{Wiktionary|bartizan|bartisan|échauguette|guerite}}
* [[Bretèche]]
* [[Garret]]—an attic or top floor room in the military sense; a watchtower from the French word ''garite''
* [[Hoarding (castle)]]
==References==
{{commons category|Bartizans}}
{{reflist}}
{{Fortifications}}
[[Category:Castle architecture]]
[[Category:Fortification (architectural elements)]]
[[Category:Fortified towers by type]]