View source for Basfia

{{Short description|Monotypic genus of bacterium}}{{Speciesbox
| taxon = Basfia succiniciproducens
| authority = Kuhnert et al. 2010
| parent_authority = Kuhnert et al. 2010
}}
'''''Basfia''''' is a [[Monotypic taxon|monotypic genus]] of bacterium from the [[Pasteurellaceae]] family, first described in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genus: Basfia |url=https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/basfia |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=lpsn.dsmz.de |language=en}}</ref> Its only species, '''''Basfia succiniciproducens''''', is a [[Gram-negative bacteria|gram-negative]], [[facultatively anaerobic]], and immobile bacterium.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Kuhnert|first1=Peter|last2=Scholten|first2=Edzard|last3=Haefner|first3=Stefan|last4=Mayor|first4=Désirée|last5=Frey|first5=Joachim|date=2010|title=Basfia succiniciproducens gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Pasteurellaceae isolated from bovine rumen|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology|volume=60|issue=1|pages=44–50|doi=10.1099/ijs.0.011809-0|pmid=19648315|issn=1466-5026|doi-access=free}}</ref> It was first isolated from bovine [[rumen]] in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CCUG 57335T - Basfia succiniciproducens|url=https://www.ccug.se/strain?id=57335|access-date=2020-09-20|website=www.ccug.se}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Renewable all-rounder - BASF Intermediates|url=http://www.intermediates.basf.com/chemicals/topstory/basfia-succiniciproducens|access-date=2020-09-20|website=www.intermediates.basf.com}}</ref> Its ability to produce relatively large quantities of [[succinic acid]] through fermentation in biomass [[hydrolysate]]s is potentially important for [[Industrial Biotechnology|industrial biotechnology]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last1=Salvachúa|first1=Davinia|last2=Smith|first2=Holly|last3=St. John|first3=Peter C.|last4=Mohagheghi|first4=Ali|last5=Peterson|first5=Darren J.|last6=Black|first6=Brenna A.|last7=Dowe|first7=Nancy|last8=Beckham|first8=Gregg T.|date=2016-08-01|title=Succinic acid production from lignocellulosic hydrolysate by Basfia succiniciproducens|journal=Bioresource Technology|language=en|volume=214|pages=558–566|doi=10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.018|pmid=27179951|issn=0960-8524|doi-access=free}}</ref>
== Features ==
Its beneficial features include broad facultative [[anaerobic metabolism]], genetic tractability, and substrate utilization.<ref name=":2" /> The bacterium is [[Coccus|cocci]] to [[Bacillus (shape)|rod-shaped]] and, like all [[Pasteurellaceae]], has no [[Flagellum|flagella]], i.e., it cannot actively move. The bacterium is gram-negative, i.e., it only has a thin, single-layer [[murein]] envelope that does not contain any [[teichoic acid]]s. Information on individual cell sizes is not scientifically documented. Colonies reach a diameter of 0.1 to 0.5 millimeters after 24 hours of growth and are colored translucent gray.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kuhnert|first1=Peter|last2=Scholten|first2=Edzard|last3=Haefner|first3=Stefan|last4=Mayor|first4=Désirée|last5=Frey|first5=Joachim|date=January 2010|title=Basfia succiniciproducens gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Pasteurellaceae isolated from bovine rumen|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology|volume=60|issue=Pt 1|pages=44–50|doi=10.1099/ijs.0.011809-0|issn=1466-5026|pmid=19648315|doi-access=free}}</ref>
''Basfia succiniciproducens'', like the majority of [[Pseudomonadota]], was characterized solely by [[Physiology|physiological]] or [[Biochemistry|biochemical]] features, while it has no eidonomic features compared to other species and [[Genus|genera]] of the Pasteurellaceae. The first description fulfills the minimum standards applicable for characterizing a new species and genus within the Pasteurellaceae.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Taxonomy browser (Basfia succiniciproducens)|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=653940|access-date=2020-09-20|website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Christensen|first1=Henrik|last2=Kuhnert|first2=Peter|last3=Busse|first3=Hans-Jürgen|last4=Frederiksen|first4=Wilhelm C.|last5=Bisgaard|first5=Magne|date=2007|title=Proposed minimal standards for the description of genera, species and subspecies of the Pasteurellaceae|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology|volume=57|issue=1|pages=166–178|doi=10.1099/ijs.0.64838-0|pmid=17220461|issn=1466-5026|doi-access=free}}</ref>
All known strains anaerobically produce significant amounts of succinic acid, [[acetic acid]], and [[formic acid]] as metabolic products during [[fermentation]].
== Isolation ==
The bacterium was isolated during a screening for bacteria from the rumen of domestic cattle that are potentially useful in succinic acid production. It was first isolated in 2008, but its scientific description was made available in 2009.<ref name=":1" /> However, according to information from Kuhnert et al. 2009, it was not validly described.<ref name=":0" />
== Characteristics ==
B. succiniciproducens can be cultivated biotechnologically both on the classic fermentation medium glucose (sugar syrup, starch) and on [[glycerine]]. Glycerin is obtained as raw glycerin in the production of rapeseed [[methyl ester]] (biodiesel) in large quantities and is therefore available as an inexpensive raw material for combined use.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last1=Scholten|first1=Edzard|last2=Renz|first2=Torsten|last3=Thomas|first3=Jochen|date=2009-08-25|title=Continuous cultivation approach for fermentative succinic acid production from crude glycerol by Basfia succiniciproducens DD1|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-009-0104-4|journal=Biotechnology Letters|language=en|volume=31|issue=12|pages=1947–51|doi=10.1007/s10529-009-0104-4|pmid=19705071|s2cid=19513810|issn=1573-6776}}</ref>
In 2008, Scholten was able to achieve yields of up to 5.8 g/L succinic acid based on D-glucose and sucrose with the newly isolated and at the time not yet described bacterium, with a productivity of up to 1.5 g/L 1·h, and the yield was a maximum of 0.6 grams of succinic acid per gram of substrate. They achieved yields of 8.4 g/L, 0.9 g/L·h, and 1.2 g/g substrate with raw glycerol.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Scholten|first1=Edzard|last2=Dägele|first2=Dirk|date=2008-12-01|title=Succinic acid production by a newly isolated bacterium|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-008-9806-2|journal=Biotechnology Letters|language=en|volume=30|issue=12|pages=2143–2146|doi=10.1007/s10529-008-9806-2|pmid=18651227|s2cid=37454098|issn=1573-6776}}</ref> In comparison with other bacteria, particularly Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens, [[Escherichia coli]], and [[Actinobacillus succinogenes]], the maximum yield per liter is comparatively low, but the yield based on the substrate input and the productivity are comparable and can also be optimized by optimizing the logs. Bacteria based on raw glycerin as a substrate, for which the first approaches to continuous cultivation are in development, show particularly good properties.<ref name=":3" />
== Application of succinic acid ==
Succinic acid is a chemical with an annual demand of around 15,000 tons. It is conventionally produced based on [[butadiene]] and [[n-butane]] with [[maleic anhydride]] as an intermediate. It is primarily used as a basis for various chemical and pharmaceutical industries ([[tetrahydrofuran]], [[1,4-Butanediol|1,4-butanediol]], etc.) and bio-based plastics such as [[polyamide]]s (PA), [[polyester]]s, [[Copolyester|co-polyesters]], and [[polyesteramide]]s. Succinic acid is of interest as a biotechnologically manufactured product, and the market potential of several hundred thousand tons is forecasted.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last1=Bechthold|first1=I.|last2=Bretz|first2=K.|last3=Kabasci|first3=S.|last4=Kopitzky|first4=R.|last5=Springer|first5=A.|date=2008|title=Succinic Acid: A New Platform Chemical for Biobased Polymers from Renewable Resources|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ceat.200800063|journal=Chemical Engineering & Technology|language=en|volume=31|issue=5|pages=647–654|doi=10.1002/ceat.200800063|issn=1521-4125}}</ref> Together with other representatives of the C4-dicarboxylic acids, such as [[Fumaric acid|fumaric]] and [[malic acid]], the [[United States Department of Energy|US Department of Energy]] identified succinic acid in 2004 as one of twelve platform chemicals with particular biotechnological manufacturing potential.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Werpy|first1=T.|last2=Petersen|first2=G.|date=2004-08-01|title=Top Value Added Chemicals from Biomass: Volume I -- Results of Screening for Potential Candidates from Sugars and Synthesis Gas|osti=15008859|url=https://www.osti.gov/biblio/15008859-top-value-added-chemicals-from-biomass-volume-results-screening-potential-candidates-from-sugars-synthesis-gas|language=English}}</ref>
Various other potential succinic acid producers have been examined, such as Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens,<ref name=":4" /> Escherichia coli, Mannheimia succiniciproducens,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=Sang Yup|last2=Kim|first2=Ji Mahn|last3=Song|first3=Hyohak|last4=Lee|first4=Jeong Wook|last5=Kim|first5=Tae Yong|last6=Jang|first6=Yu-Sin|date=2008-05-01|title=From genome sequence to integrated bioprocess for succinic acid production by Mannheimia succiniciproducens|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-008-1424-3|journal=Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology|language=en|volume=79|issue=1|pages=11–22|doi=10.1007/s00253-008-1424-3|pmid=18340442|s2cid=39515715|issn=1432-0614}}</ref> and [[Corynebacterium glutamicum]]. [[Metabolic engineering]] for the production of high quantities of succinic acid should be optimized.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sánchez|first1=Ailen M.|last2=Bennett|first2=George N.|last3=San|first3=Ka-Yiu|date=2005-05-01|title=Novel pathway engineering design of the anaerobic central metabolic pathway in Escherichia coli to increase succinate yield and productivity|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1096717605000315|journal=Metabolic Engineering|language=en|volume=7|issue=3|pages=229–239|doi=10.1016/j.ymben.2005.03.001|pmid=15885621|issn=1096-7176}}</ref>
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q18718853|from2=Q809947}}
[[Category:Pasteurellales]]
[[Category:Gram-negative bacteria]]
[[Category:Bacteria described in 2010]]
[[Category:Monotypic bacteria genera]]