View source for Battle of Rạch Gầm-Xoài Mút

{{Short description|1785 battle fought in Vietnam between Tây Sơn forces and Siam}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2012}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict          = Battle of Rạch Gầm-Xoài Mút
| partof            = [[Tây Sơn wars]] and [[Siamese–Vietnamese Wars]]
| image             = Tượng đài Rạch Gầm-Xoài Mút.JPG
| image_size        =
| caption           = Vietnamese monument of the battle
| date              = 1784 – 1785
| place             = Rạch Gầm River and Xoài Mút River<br />(near [[Mỹ Tho River]], in present-day [[Tiền Giang Province]], southern Vietnam)
| result            =  Tây Sơn defensive victory; Saimese-Cambodian armies retreat back to Laos
| combatant1        = {{flagicon image|Flag of Tay Son Dynasty.png}} [[Tây Sơn dynasty|Tây Sơn]]
| combatant2        = {{flagicon image|Flag of Thailand (1782).svg}} [[Rattanakosin Kingdom]] ([[Siam]])<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Cambodia (pre-1863).svg}} [[Dark ages of Cambodia|Kingdom of Cambodia]]<br /> [[Nguyễn lords]]<br />[[Hà Tiên Protectorate]]
| commander1        = [[Nguyễn Huệ]]{{noteTag|name=taysonsiamname|1=The Tây Sơn brothers were referred to as ''Ong Yak'' (องอยาก), ''Ong Bai'' (องบาย) and ''Ong Dam'' (องดาม) in Siamese royal records respectively.<ref name="thairecord11">{{cite book|chapter-url=https://vajirayana.org/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C-%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88-%E0%B9%91/%E0%B9%91%E0%B9%91-%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99|title=พระราชพงศาวดารกรุงรัตนโกสินทร์ รัชกาลที่ 1|author=เจ้าพระยาทิพากรวงศ์ (ขำ บุนนาค)|author-link=Chaophraya Thiphakorawong|chapter=11. เรื่องพงศาวดารญวน}}</ref> Siamese records confused Nguyễn Huệ with Nguyễn Lữ.<ref name="tuongquanxiem"/><ref name="nghiencuulichsu"/>}}<br /> [[Nguyễn Lữ]]{{noteTag|name=taysonsiamname}} <br />  [[Trương Văn Đa]] <br />  [[Đặng Văn Trấn]] <br /> [[Bùi Thị Xuân]] <br /> [[Trần Quang Diệu]] <br /> [[Võ Văn Dũng]]
| commander2        = {{flagicon image|Flag of Thailand (1782).svg}} [[Krom Luang Thepharirak]]<ref name="thairecord19"/><ref name="NDC"/><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Thailand (1782).svg}} [[Phraya Wichitnarong]]<ref name="thairecord19"/><ref name="NDC"/><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Thailand (1782).svg}} [[Phraya Thatsada]]<ref name="thairecord19"/><ref name="NDC"/><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Cambodia (pre-1863).svg}} [[Chaophraya Aphaiphubet (Baen)]]<ref name="thairecord19"/><ref name="NDC">Nguyễn Duy Chính, "Tương quan Xiêm-Việt cuối thế kỷ XVIII", dẫn theo Thadeus và Chadin Flood (dịch và hiệu đính), ''The Dynastic Chronicles, Bangkok Era, The First Reign'', [[Chaophraya Thiphakorawong]] Edition, [Vol. I]: Text. Tokyo: The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies, 1978. page 61</ref><br />{{noteTag|1=Siamese and Cambodian generals who got involved in the battle were referred to as Chiêu Tăng (昭曾), Chiêu Sương (昭霜), Lục Côn (六昆), Sa Uyển (沙苑), Chiêu Thùy Biện (昭錘卞) and Thát Xỉ Đa (撻齒多) in historical records of Vietnam. Their real names were unknown.}}<br /> [[Nguyễn Ánh]]{{noteTag|name=anhsiamname|1=Nguyễn Ánh was referred to as ''Ong Chiang Su''<ref name="tuongquanxiem"/> ({{langx|th|องเชียงสือ}} {{RTGS|Ong Chiang Sue}}<ref name="พงศาวดาร">{{cite book|title=พระราชพงศาวดารกรุงรัตนโกสินทร์ รัชกาลที่ 3|author=ทิพากรวงศมหาโกษาธิบดี (ขำ บุนนาค), เจ้าพระยา|author-link=Chaophraya Thiphakorawong|location=[[Bangkok|กรุงเทพฯ]]|publisher=ไทยควอลิตี้บุ๊คส์|year=2006|page=168}}</ref>) in Siamese royal records; ''Ong Chiang Su'' derived from the Vietnamese word ''[[:wikt:ông|Ông]] [[:wikt:thượng thư|thượng thư]]'' ("Sir chief of staff")<ref name="tuongquanxiem">[http://www.vjol.info/index.php/ncpt-hue/article/viewFile/4552/4329 Tương quan Xiêm – Việt cuối thế kỷ 18] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203055458/http://www.vjol.info/index.php/ncpt-hue/article/viewFile/4552/4329 |date=December 3, 2018 }} page 60</ref><ref name=nghiencuulichsu>[https://nghiencuulichsu.com/2017/09/08/tuong-quan-xiem-viet-cuoi-the-ki-xviii/ Tương quan Xiêm – Việt cuối thế kỉ XVIII]</ref>}}<br /> [[Lê Văn Duyệt]]<br /> [[Lê Văn Quân]]<br />[[Nguyễn Văn Thành]]<br /> Nguyễn Văn Oai{{KIA}}<br /> [[Mạc Tử Sinh]]
| units1            = [[Tây Sơn dynasty|Tây Sơn Army]]
| units2            = {{flagicon image|Flag of Thailand (1782).svg}} [[Siamese Army]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Thailand (1782).svg}} [[Siamese Navy]]<br /> [[Nguyễn Ánh]]'s forces
| strength1         = 30,000 men<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.baobinhdinh.com.vn/568/2003/6/4407/ |title=Quang Trung - Nguyễn Huệ với chiến thuật nghi binh, dụ địch |access-date=February 14, 2021 |archive-date=August 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803035522/http://www.baobinhdinh.com.vn/568/2003/6/4407/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />55 warships<br />100 sailing ships<br />300 small canoes<br />132 cannons<ref>{{cite web | url=https://giaoduc.net.vn/tieu-diem/ve-tien-giang-nho-rach-gam-xoai-mut-post173908.gd | title=Về Tiền Giang nhớ Rạch Gầm - Xoài Mút - Giáo dục Việt Nam | date=January 19, 2017 }}</ref> <br /> '''Total: 30,000+'''
| strength2         = Siamese-Cambodian: 40,000 sailors<br />30,000 infantry<ref name="Tucker">Tucker, p. 15</ref><br />300 warships<ref name="Tucker" /><br />3,000–4,000 Nguyễn Ánh's forces<br /> '''Total: 73,000+'''
| casualties1       = Unknown, but less than opponent
| casualties2       = '''Warships:''' near annihilation<ref name="Tucker" /><ref name="Clodfelter">Clodfelter, p. 7</ref><ref name="Dutton">Dutton, p. 45–46</ref><br />'''Siamese-Cambodian soldiers:''' 40,000+ killed<br />'''Nguyễn forces:''' 3,200 killed|
}}
{{Campaignbox Tây Sơn wars}}
{{Campaignbox Siamese–Vietnamese wars}}
The '''Battle of Rạch Gầm-Xoài Mút''' ({{langx|vi|Trận Rạch Gầm – Xoài Mút}}, {{langx|th|การรบที่ซากเกิ่ม-สว่ายมุต}}) was fought between the Vietnamese [[Tây Sơn dynasty|Tây Sơn]] forces and an army of [[Rattanakosin Kingdom|Siam]] in present-day [[Tiền Giang Province]] of Vietnam on January 20, 1785. It is considered one of the greatest victories in Vietnamese history.
== Background ==
{{further|Tây Sơn wars}}
In the late 18th century, a rebellion broke out in southern Vietnam. The [[Nguyễn lords]], the hereditary rulers in southern Vietnam, were overthrown by the Tây Sơn brothers: [[Nguyễn Nhạc]], [[Nguyễn Huệ]] and [[Nguyễn Lữ]]{{noteTag|name=taysonsiamname}} in 1777. With the help of supporters, [[Nguyễn Ánh]]{{noteTag|name=anhsiamname}}, a nephew of the last Nguyễn lord, reconquered Gia Định (present day [[Hồ Chí Minh City]]) as ''Đại nguyên súy Nhiếp quốc chính'' ("Commander in chief and regent") and later proclaimed himself ''Nguyễn Vương'' ("Nguyễn king").
In 1783 the Tây Sơn rebel forces recaptured Gia Định. Nguyễn Ánh had to flee to [[Phú Quốc]] island, while his army was attacked and defeated by a Tây Sơn army. One of Ánh's generals, [[Châu Văn Tiếp]], was sent to Siam to make a request for aid. According to Vietnamese records, an army under the Siamese general Thát Xỉ Đa (撻齒多, also known as Chất Si Đa) arrived in [[Hà Tiên]] the next year. Nguyễn Ánh retreated to Siam with him, where they met king [[Rama I]], who promised that Siam would support Ánh's struggle for dominance in Vietnam.<ref>''[[Việt Nam sử lược]]'', [[:s:vi:Việt Nam sử lược/Quyển II/Tự chủ thời đại/Chương VIII|Quyển II/Tự chủ thời đại/Chương VIII]]</ref>
There was an episode only mentioned in the Royal Thai Chronicles. In 1783, a Siamese army under Phraya Nakhonsawan (พระยานครสวรรค์) had marched to [[Cambodia]] to come to the aid of Nguyễn Ánh. There they clashed with Vietnamese forces of ''Ong Tin Wuang'' (องติเวือง, [[Nguyễn Lữ]]{{noteTag|name=taysonsiamname}}) in ''Sadec'' ([[Sa Đéc]]) and captured warships, prisoners and various types of weapons, yet later returned them to the Tay Son. A number of generals, Phraya Wichitnarong (พระยาวิชิตณรงค์) among them, disapproved the decision and secretly reported to Bangkok. Charged with treason, Phraya Nakhonsawan and 12 men were executed in the graveyard of Photharam Temple in Ayutthaya.<ref name="thairecord16">{{cite book|chapter-url=https://vajirayana.org/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C-%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88-%E0%B9%91/%E0%B9%91%E0%B9%96-%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99|title=พระราชพงศาวดารกรุงรัตนโกสินทร์ รัชกาลที่ 1|author=เจ้าพระยาทิพากรวงศ์ (ขำ บุนนาค)|author-link=Chaophraya Thiphakorawong|chapter=16. ทัพพระยานครสวรรค์ไปตีเมืองไซ่ง่อน|date=January 20, 2017}}</ref><ref name=nghiencuulichsu/>
==Siamese invasion==
Nguyễn Ánh and the Siamese planned a decisive attack on the Tay Son. According to Vietnamese records, in April 1784, an army of 30,000 troops under the Siamese generals Lục Côn and Sa Uyển was dispatched to Cambodia and prepare to attack Gia Dinh. Another force under the Cambodian minister Chiêu Thùy Biện also prepared for battle. On July 25, a Siamese fleet of 300 warships and 20,000 men sailed for Gia Dinh. The contingent was led by senior commanders of the fleet, Chiêu Tăng, a nephew of the Siamese king, as the chief commander and Chiêu Sương, as the vanguard.
According to the Royal Thai Chronicles, in March 1784, a fleet with five thousand men under [[Krom Luang Thepharirak|Chao Fa Krom Luang Thepharirak]] was dispatched to attack and recapture [[Saigon]] for Nguyễn Ánh. [[Phraya Wichitnarong]] lead the Siamese infantry to Cambodia and took command of the Cambodian army. [[Chaophraya Aphaiphubet (Baen)|Chaophraya Aphaiphubet]] recruited another five thousand soldiers to join the Siamese troops.<ref name=nghiencuulichsu/><ref name="thairecord19">{{cite book|chapter-url=http://vajirayana.org/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C-%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88-%E0%B9%91/%E0%B9%91%E0%B9%99-%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99|title=พระราชพงศาวดารกรุงรัตนโกสินทร์ รัชกาลที่ 1|author=เจ้าพระยาทิพากรวงศ์ (ขำ บุนนาค)|author-link=Chaophraya Thiphakorawong|chapter=19. ทัพกรมหลวงเทพหริรักษ์ไปตีเมืองไซ่ง่อน|date=January 20, 2017}}</ref>
The Siamese-Cambodian infantry contingents under Phraya Wichitnarong attacked [[Sa Đéc]] (Piamchopsadaek), where they defeated several Tay Son detachments. Phraya Wichitnarong then marched toward to Ba Lai (Piambarai) and attacked a Tay Son army in Ban Payung ([[Ba Giồng]]).<ref name=nghiencuulichsu/><ref name="thairecord19"/>
Meanwhile, the Siamese-Nguyễn fleet under [[Krom Luang Thepharirak]] and Nguyễn Ánh finally landed in [[Banteay Meas]] (Mang Khảm, a place belonging to [[Hà Tiên]] during that time). There, an army under [[Mạc Tử Sinh|Phraya Rachasethi]] (พระยาราชาเศรษฐี) and [[Phraya Thatsada]] (พระยาทัศดา) was to reinforce them. The Siamese-Nguyễn fleet sailed to the [[Bassac River]] (''sông Hậu'' in Vietnamese) and stopped in Trà Tân (Wamanao, a place near [[Mỹ Tho]]).<ref name=nghiencuulichsu/><ref name="thairecord19"/>
After several victories, the Siamese generals began to look down upon the Tây Sơn army and treat Nguyễn Ánh without respect. Siamese soldiers committed atrocities on Việtnamese settlers.<ref name="Tucker" /> In a letter to French preacher [[J. Liot]], Nguyễn Ánh complained about the Siamese atrocities, who robbed, raped and slaughtered unscrupulously. As a consequence, more and more local farmers turned to support the Tây Sơn.<ref>Nguyễn Khắc Thuần dịch (''Danh tướng Việt Nam'' [tập 3], tr. 188). Tương tự, ''sách Hoàng Việt hưng long chí'' chép: ''Quân Xiêm tàn bạo, đi đến đâu đều cướp bóc, bắt bớ; nên dân chúng ta thán oán ghét''(tr. 121).</ref>
However, the Siamese invaders met increasing resistance from the Tây Sơn army. [[Trương Văn Đa]] fought bravely against the Siamese invaders. On November 30, he defeated the Siamese-Nguyễn fleet, killed [[Châu Văn Tiếp]] (the highest commander of the Nguyễn fleet) and wounded the Siamese general Thát Xỉ Đa at the Mân Thít River. [[Lê Văn Quân]] succeeded Tiếp as the highest commander of the Nguyễn fleet.
By the end of 1784, the Siamese had taken [[Rạch Giá]], Trấn Giang ([[Cần Thơ]]), Ba Thắc (Srok Pra-sak, [[Sóc Trăng]]), Trà Ôn, [[Sa Đéc]], Mân Thít (or Mang thít, Man Thiết), and controlled [[Hà Tiên]], [[An Giang]] and [[Vĩnh Long]]. But important places, including [[Mỹ Tho]] and [[Gia Định]], were still controlled by the Tây Sơn army. Realizing he was unable to repulse the enemy, Trương Văn Đa sent [[Đặng Văn Trấn]] to [[Quy Nhơn]] for help.<ref name=heav>{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317631684 | title= Tay Son Uprising (1771-1802) In Vietnam: Mandated By Heaven? | publisher = Research Gate |access-date= February 7, 2019 }}</ref>
== Battle ==
{{more citations needed|section|date=January 2019}}<!--4 paragraphs without citations-->
[[File:Rạch Gầm-Xoài Mút 1.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Weapon remains from the battle]]
The Tây Sơn reinforcements led by [[Nguyễn Huệ]]{{noteTag|name=taysonsiamname}} marched south from Quy Nhon and arrived in Cochinchina territory around January 1785. Huệ set up his headquarter in [[Mỹ Tho]], not far from Trà Tân, the headquarter of the Siamese troops.
Small groups of Tây Sơn navy harassed Siamese fortified points during high tide and withdrew during low tide. They gathered intelligence about the Siamese navy and pretended to be vulnerable. After many victories, the Siamese army and naval forces were overconfident.<ref name="Dutton" /> Nguyễn Huệ noticed it, and decided to avoid a direct attack on a strong Siamese force. He sent a small naval force, under a banner of truce, to offer to parley with the Siamese.<ref name="Tucker" /> Huệ gave many treasures to [[Krom Luang Thepharirak]] (Chiêu Tăng), and requested him not to support [[Nguyễn Ánh]]. Huệ also promised that the Tây Sơn would pay tribute to Siam. Thepharirak received these presents.
During the negotiations, Siamese soldiers were invited to visit the warships of the Tây Sơn navy. Nguyễn Huệ showed sophisticated weapons to them, and gave them many treasures before they returned. Hearing that, Nguyễn Ánh suspected the Siamese to have sinister intentions. Thepharirak had to explain to Nguyễn Ánh that it was just a stratagem.
Thepharirak was confident that Nguyễn Huệ was waiting for the results of negotiations, because he saw Tây Sơn warships withdrawing to Mỹ Tho orderly. Thepharirak planned a surprise attack on the Tây Sơn navy. The date was fixed on January 19, 1785 (December 9 of the year ''Giáp Thìn'' in [[Vietnamese calendar|Vietnamese lunar calendar]]), and notified Nguyễn Ánh. Ánh had a presentiment that the Siamese navy would be defeated. He sent [[Mạc Tử Sinh]] to Trấn Giang ([[Cần Thơ]]) to prepare a boat, which would facilitate flight in case of defeat.
However, Thepharirak was overconfident, actually it was a trap set up by Huệ. Nguyễn Huệ, anticipating a move from the Siamese, had secretly positioned his infantry and artillery along the [[Mekong]] river (Rạch Gầm-Xoài Mút area of present-day Tiền Giang province), and on some islands in the middle, facing other troops on the northern banks with naval reinforcements on both sides of the infantry positions.<ref name="Tucker" />
On the morning of January 20, 1785, Chiêu Tăng (Thepharirak) and the Siamese main forces left Trà Tân to attack Mỹ Tho, where Hue's headquarter was located. Only a small group of infantry led by Sa Uyển was left in [[Sa Đéc]]. The navy of the Nguyễn lord led by [[Lê Văn Quân]] was ordered to take the lead. When the front navy reached Rạch Gầm River, and the rear navy reached Xoài Mút River, Nguyễn Huệ's ships dashed into the unprepared Siamese troops, preventing their advance or retreat. In the meanwhile, the Tây Sơn artillery opened fire.<ref name="Tucker2">Tucker, p.16</ref>  One of the secret weapons of the Tây Sơn force was the ''Hỏa Hổ Thần Công'' (Flaming Tiger Cannon), which could release a stream of fire at a very long range.<ref name="Tucker2009">{{cite book|author=Spencer C. Tucker|title=A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East &#91;6 volumes&#93;: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h5_tSnygvbIC&pg=PA958|date=23 December 2009|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-85109-672-5|pages=958–}}</ref>
The battle ended with a near annihilation of the Siamese force, as according to Vietnamese sources all the ships of the Siamese navy were destroyed.<ref name="Tucker2" /> Chiêu Tăng (Thepharirak) and Chiêu Sương landed in the north bank of [[Mỹ Tho River]], then at Quang Hóa, through Cambodia, and arrived in Bangkok in March 1785. Only 2,000 to 3,000 men of the original expedition escaped.<ref name="Tucker2" /> Other survivors stole the boats of civilians and fled to Cambodia. On February 4, 1785, [[Rama I]] received the information that the Siamese navy was defeated. He sent a dozen ships to rescue Siamese soldiers. There were only ten thousand survivors.
When his navy was nearly annihilated Nguyễn Ánh and a dozen men escaped to Trấn Giang ([[Cần Thơ]]) where they met [[Mạc Tử Sinh]] and went to Hà Tiên on three ships. In Hà Tiên, Nguyễn Ánh gathered the remnants of his navy and fled to [[Thổ Chu Island|Poulo Panjang]], then to [[Ko Kut District|Ko Kut]] and finally arrived in Bangkok, where he sought refuge until August 1787.<ref name="Tucker2011">{{cite book|author=Spencer C. Tucker|title=The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition &#91;4 volumes&#93;: A Political, Social, and Military History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qh5lffww-KsC&pg=PA824|date=20 May 2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-85109-961-0|pages=824–}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tapchiqptd.vn/en/research-and-discussion/the-art-of-combining-naval-ground-warfare-in-the-battle-of-rach-gam-%E2%80%93-xoai-mut-1875/6935.html | title= The art of combining naval - ground warfare in the battle of Rach Gam – Xoai Mut (1875) | publisher = National Defence Journal  |date=January 27, 2015 |author=Ha Thanh |access-date= February 9, 2019 }}</ref>
==See also==
* [[Tây Sơn dynasty]]
* [[Tây Sơn military tactics and organization]]
* [[Battle of Ngọc Hồi-Đống Đa]]
* [[Feigned retreat]]
== Notes ==
;Footnotes
{{Reflist|group=note}}
;Citations
{{Reflist|3}}
==References==
* {{cite book|title=Vietnam|last=Tucker|first=Spencer|year=1999|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn=978-0-8131-0966-4|place=Lexington|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/vietnam00tuck}}.
* {{cite book|title=Vietnam in Military Statistics: A History of the Indochina Wars, 1772–1991|last=Clodfelter|first=Micheal|year=1995|publisher=McFarland & Co.|isbn= 978-0-7864-0027-0|place=Jefferson}}.
* {{cite book |first=George Edson |last=Dutton |title=The Tây Sơn uprising: society and rebellion in eighteenth-century Vietnam |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |isbn=978-0-8248-2984-1 |year=2006 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/taysonuprisingso0000dutt }}.
* {{cite book|title=Một số trận quyết chiến chiến lược trong lịch sử dân tộc ta|author=Phan Huy Lê|author-link=Phan Huy Lê|publisher=Nhà xuất bản Quân đội Nhân dân|year=1998|language=vi}}.
* {{cite web|title=บทความ – คณะสังคมวิทยาและมานุษยวิทยา – มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์|url=http://socanth.tu.ac.th/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/JSA-32-1-morragotwong.pdf}}
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{{Rattanakosin}}
{{Gia Long}}
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[[Category:Tây Sơn wars]]
[[Category:Battles involving Vietnam|Rach Gam]]
[[Category:Wars involving the Rattanakosin Kingdom|Rach Gam]]
[[Category:Wars involving Cambodia|Rach Gam]]
[[Category:Principality of Hà Tiên]]
[[Category:1785 in Vietnam]]
[[Category:1780s in Siam]]
[[Category:18th century in Cambodia]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1785|Rach Gam]]
[[Category:Naval battles involving Vietnam|Rach Gam]]
[[Category:18th century in Vietnam]]
[[Category:History of Tiền Giang province]]