View source for Battle of Trenton order of battle

[[File:General George Washington at Trenton by John Trumbull.jpeg|thumb|upright|right
|alt=Washington stands in front of a white horse whose reins are held by a soldier.  Washington holds a spyglass in his right hand, and his left hand rests on his sword.  His uniform is a blue coat over gold waistcoat and pants.  In the dark background there are more men in uniform, one of whom is carrying an American flag.
|''[[General George Washington at Trenton]]''<br />by [[John Trumbull]], 1792]]
The [[Battle of Trenton]] was fought on December 26, 1776, during the [[American Revolutionary War]] [[New York and New Jersey campaign|campaign for New Jersey]].  In a surprise attack, the [[Continental Army]] led by [[George Washington]] attacked the [[cantonment|winter quarters]] of a brigade composed primarily of German troops from [[Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel|Hesse-Kassel]] in [[Trenton, New Jersey]].<ref name=K239_55>Ketchum, pp. 239–255</ref>  The [[Hessian (soldiers)|Hessian]] brigade was under the command of Colonel [[Johann Rall]]; he died of wounds sustained in the battle, and about two thirds of his men were taken prisoner.<ref name=K255_68>Ketchum, pp. 255–268</ref>  It was the first major victory after a long string of defeats that had resulted in the loss of New York City, and was a significant boost to American morale.<ref name=F257>Fischer, p. 257</ref><ref name=K273_5>Ketchum, pp. 273–275</ref>  It was followed by two more American victories, first in a [[Battle of the Assunpink Creek|second battle at Trenton]] on January 2, 1777, and then on January 3 [[Battle of Princeton|at Princeton]].<ref name=F287_343>Fischer, pp. 287–343</ref>
Most of the German brigade comprised three Hessian regiments: those of Rall, von Lossberg, and von Knyphausen.  The remainder of the brigade consisted of artillery corps attached to each regiment, a detachment of [[Jäger (military)|Jäger]], and a small company of British [[dragoon]]s.  The attacking American army consisted of units from the [[Continental Army]], including companies of its artillery, and a few companies of militia.  Additional units were intended to also participate either in the attack, or in diversions to draw attention from the main thrust; these units failed to cross the icy [[Delaware River]] and did not participate in the action.
==Hesse-Kassel and British Army==
[[File:Battle-trenton-sketch-rochambeau.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.2
|alt=A stained and discolored manuscript sketch. The two man roads of Trenton run parallel north–south, with the bridge over Assunpink Creek just to the south. Further south and west the wide Delaware River is shown. The American force indicators are shown moving along two roads that approach Trenton from the northwest; some forces move across the bridge to the southeast side of the creek, while others envelop the Hessian forces attempting to form up to the east of the town.
|A Hessian's sketch of the Battle of Trenton]]
After the war broke out in 1775, the British government realized that it would need more troops than it could raise on its own to fight the war, so it sought to hire troops from willing third parties in Europe.<ref name=F52>Fischer, p. 52</ref>  All of these hired troops came from German principalities of the [[Holy Roman Empire]].  The single largest contingent, with more than 12,000 arriving in North America in 1776, came from the [[Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel|Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel]].<ref>Eelking, p. 23</ref>  The garrison that was quartered at Trenton was a brigade of about 1,400 men, almost all from Hesse-Kassel, under the command of Colonel [[Johann Rall]].  The brigade was composed of three regiments, each of which had an artillery company attached.  Also included in the brigade were a company of Hessian [[Jäger (military)|Jäger]] (basically [[light infantry]]) and a small company from the British [[16th (Queen's) Light Dragoons]].<ref name=F396>Fischer, p. 396</ref>
The Hessian regiments were named for their formal commanding officers.  Since many general officers were also commissioned as colonels of regiments, they were often not present with the regiment, or were busy with their other duties even if the regiment fell under their higher-level command.  Since Rall commanded the entire brigade, his regiment's operations were directed by its lieutenant colonel, as were the regiments of Lieutenant Generals [[Wilhelm von Knyphausen]] and [[Friedrich Wilhelm von Lossberg]], the second and third ranking general officers in the North American forces of [[Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel|Hesse-Kassel]] after Lieutenant General [[Leopold Philip von Heister]].<ref>Eelking, pp. 283–284</ref>
The information in this table is based primarily on the reports of surviving Hessian officers submitted during inquiries into the disaster demanded by [[Frederick II of Hesse-Kassel|Frederick II]], the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel,<ref name=K325_6>Ketchum, pp. 325–326</ref> with some estimates provided by [[David Hackett Fischer]] and other historians.  The reported strengths do not include the 28 regimental officers.<ref name=F396/>  The casualty figures are from an official Hessian return (a formal report on the unit's strength) that also does not include officers.<ref name=S408/>  Officers killed or who died of their wounds included Col. Johann Rall and Maj. Friedrich von Dechow, the acting commander of the Knyphausen regiment.<ref name=F405/>
{|class="wikitable" width="85%" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
!colspan="5" bgcolor="#f9f9f9"|'''Hessian and British units'''
|-
!bgcolor="#f9f9f9"|Unit
!bgcolor="#f9f9f9"|Commander
!bgcolor="#f9f9f9" width=12%|Unit size
!bgcolor="#f9f9f9" width=15%|Casualties
!bgcolor="#f9f9f9" width=35%|Notes
|-
!bgcolor="#f9f9f9" align="center"|Rall's Brigade
|align="left"|Col. [[Johann Rall]]
|align="left"|1,354
|align="left"|17 killed<br />78 wounded<br />868 captured<ref name=F405/>
|
|-
|Grenadier Regiment [[Johann Rall|Rall]]
|align="left"|Lt. Col. [[Balthasar Brethauer]] (acting)
|align="left"|512
|align="left"|12 killed<br />10 wounded<br />290 captured<ref name=S408/>
|This regiment was the "regiment of the day" and had consequently been on alert.<ref name=F240>Fischer, p. 240</ref>  It was part of a counterattack to recover some Hessian guns that had been abandoned, during which Rall went down with a mortal wound.<ref name=F248>Fischer, p. 248</ref>
|-
|Fusilier Regiment [[Friedrich Wilhelm von Lossberg|von Lossberg]]
|align="left"|Lt. Col. [[Franz Scheffer]] (acting)
|align="left"|345
|align="left"|4 killed<br />55 wounded<br />260 captured<ref name=S408/>
|Lossberg's regiment managed to regroup with Rall in an orchard east of town, and participated in the counterattack to retrieve the Hessian guns.  It suffered the highest number of killed and wounded; "lost in this affair 70 killed and wounded".<ref name=F249>Fischer, p. 249</ref>
|-
|Fusilier Regiment [[Wilhelm von Knyphausen|von Knyphausen]]
|align="left"|Maj. [[Friedrich Ludwig von Dechow]] (acting)
|align="left"|429
|align="left"|1 killed<br />13 wounded<br />310 captured<ref name=S408>Stryker, p. 408</ref>
|This regiment attempted to escape to the south across the Assunpink Creek, but was blocked first at the bridge and then in attempts to ford the creek.<ref name=F251_2>Fischer, pp. 251–252</ref>  Fifty of its men swam across the icy creek and reached Princeton ten hours later.<ref name=F254/>
|-
|rowspan=2|Artillery
|align="left"|Lt. [[Friedrich Fischer (Lt.)|Friedrich Fischer]]
|align="left" rowspan=2|6 guns total; personnel are counted with their assigned regiments
|rowspan=2|Casualties are counted with their assigned regiments
|rowspan=2|Many of the artillerymen escaped across the Assunpink Creek bridge after abandoning their guns early in the battle.<ref name=F254/>
|-
|align="left"|Lt. [[Johann Engelhardt]]
|-
|[[Jäger (military)|Jägers]]
|align="left"|Lt. [[Friedrich von Gröthausen]]
|align="left"|50 estimated
|Stryker does not report any casualties for this unit.
|This company retreated across the Assunpink Creek bridge after skirmishing with the van of Sullivan's division.<ref name=F254>Fischer, p. 254</ref>
|-
|British [[16th (Queen's) Light Dragoons]]
|align="left"|None listed
|align="left"|18 estimated
|Stryker does not report any casualties for this unit.
|This company was stationed near the Assunpink Creek bridge and escaped across it early in the action.<ref name=F253>Fischer, p. 253</ref>
|-
!bgcolor="#f9f9f9" align="center"|Totals
|align="left"|
|align="left"|1,382
|align="left"|22 killed<br />83 wounded<br />891 captured<ref name=F405/>
|Unit size includes 28 officers not counted in rank and file.  Casualties include the following officer casualties: 5 killed, 5 wounded, 23 captured. Captured includes the wounded; the entire Hessian officer corps was captured or killed.<ref name=F405>Fischer, p. 405</ref>
|-
|colspan=5 align="center"|<small>Unless otherwise cited, the information in this table is provided by Fischer, p.&nbsp;396.</small>
|}
==Continental Army==
[[File:ContinentalArmy LeffertsWatercolor.jpg|thumb|upright
|alt=A group of about a dozen men is shown standing about.  Each wears a different style of uniform, varying the hat, color of the jacket and its facing, color and cut of the waistcoat, color of the pants, and style of footwear.  One man wears ranger garb, consisting of leather tunic, pants, and moccasins.
|Watercolor by [[Charles M. Lefferts]] depicting various [[Continental Army]] uniforms]]
Washington organized his army into two columns for the attack on Trenton.  After [[George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River|crossing the Delaware River]], Brigadier General [[Adam Stephen]]'s troops guarded the bridgehead while the remaining troops crossed.  The divisions marched together for several miles before taking different roads into Trenton.<ref name=F222>Fischer, p. 222</ref> Stephen's men led Major General [[Nathanael Greene]]'s division southward along an inland road (which was accompanied by Washington and his entourage), while Major General [[John Sullivan (general)|John Sullivan]]'s division followed a road along the river, intending to prevent the Hessians from retreating across the [[Assunpink Creek]].<ref name=F230>Fischer, p. 230</ref>
Most of the figures in this listing are derived from a return prepared by George Washington on December 22, 1776, four days before the battle.  Historian David Hackett Fischer includes estimates made by either himself or other historians for strength counts that were not provided in Washington's return.  The counts include all officers and musicians, in addition to the rank and file marked as present and fit for duty.<ref name=F390_3>Fischer, pp. 390–393</ref>  Washington required everyone to carry muskets, including officers and musicians who did not normally carry them.<ref name=F207>Fischer, p. 207</ref> Also, a few Marines under Major [[Samuel Nicholas]] were in the battle.<ref name=F330>Fischer, p. 330</ref>
American casualties in the battle were very light, and are therefore not listed in the table below.  Two Virginia officers, Capt. [[William Washington]] and Lt. [[James Monroe]] of the [[3rd Virginia Regiment]], were injured, as was James Buxton, an ensign in the [[4th Virginia Regiment]].<ref name=F406/><ref name=F221>Fischer, p. 221</ref>  (Monroe, the future [[United States president]], suffered a wound to the neck that very nearly killed him.  His life was saved by a doctor who volunteered his services to the army as it marched through New Jersey that morning.)<ref name=F247>Fischer, p. 247</ref> Two privates are known to have died in the battle, and one account includes mention of two men dying from exposure on the march.  The most pessimistic estimate of American casualties lists four killed and eight wounded,<ref name=F406>Fischer, p. 406</ref> although Fischer points out that many more American troops probably died of non-combat causes (including illness, hypothermia, malnutrition, and exhaustion) in the days and weeks following the campaign of late December and early January.<ref name=F255>Fischer, p. 255</ref>
{|class="wikitable" width="85%" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
!colspan="4" bgcolor="#f9f9f9"|'''Continental Army'''
|-
!bgcolor="#f9f9f9" width=25%|Unit
!bgcolor="#f9f9f9" width=22%|Commander
!bgcolor="#f9f9f9" width=13%|Unit size
!bgcolor="#f9f9f9" width=30%|Notes
|-
!bgcolor="#f9f9f9" align="center"|Commander-in-Chief
|align="left"|Gen. [[George Washington]]
|align="left"|
|Washington rode with Greene's division, and observed the battle from high ground above the town near the artillery companies.<ref name=F244/>
|-
|[[Commander-in-Chief's Guard]]
|align="left"|Capt. [[Caleb Gibbs]]
|align="left"|about 75
|This unit's assigned task was the protection of Washington and his papers.
|-
|Secretary
|align="left"|Lt. Col. [[Robert Hanson Harrison]]
|align="left"|
|
|-
|rowspan=3|[[Washington's Aides-de-Camp|Washington's aides-de-camp]]
|align="left"|Lt. [[Tench Tilghman]]
|align="left"|
|
|-
|align="left"|Lt. Col. Richard Cary
|align="left"|
|
|-
|align="left"|Lt. Col. [[Samuel Blachley Webb]]
|align="left"|
|
|-
|[[Adjutant General]]
|align="left"|Col. [[Joseph Reed (jurist)|Joseph Reed]]
|align="left"|
|Reed accompanied militia Brig. Gen. [[John Cadwalader (general)|John Cadwalader]]'s brigade in its failed crossing of the Delaware.<ref name=F215>Fischer, p. 215</ref>
|-
|[[Quartermaster General]]
|align="left"|Col. [[Stephen Moylan]]
|align="left"|
|
|-
|[[Commissary General]]
|align="left"|Lt. Col. [[Joseph Trumbull (commissary general)|Joseph Trumbull]]
|align="left"|
|
|-
|[[Paymaster General]]
|align="left"|Col. [[William Palfrey]]
|align="left"|
|
|-
|Muster Master General
|align="left"|Col. [[Gunning Bedford, Sr.|Gunning Bedford]]
|align="left"|
|
|-
|Director of the General Hospital
|align="left"|Dr. [[John Morgan (physician)|John Morgan]]
|align="left"|
|
|-
|Chief Engineer
|align="left"|Col. [[Rufus Putnam]]
|align="left"|
|
|-
!bgcolor="#f9f9f9" align="center"|Greene's Division
|align="left"|Maj. Gen. [[Nathanael Greene]]
|align="left"|2,690
|Washington rode with this division.<ref name="F230" />
|-
|'''Stephen's Brigade'''
|align="left"|Brig. Gen. [[Adam Stephen]]
|align="left"|541
|This brigade served as bridgehead and advance guard,<ref name=F220_2>Fischer, pp. 220, 222</ref> and formed part of the center of Greene's line for the attack, along with Stirling's brigade.<ref name=F235>Fischer, p. 235</ref>
|-
|[[4th Virginia Regiment]]
|align="left"|Lt. Col. [[Robert Lawson (Virginia)|Robert Lawson]]
|align="left"|229
|Col. Thomas Elliott was absent.<ref name=S353>Stryker, p. 353</ref>
|-
|[[5th Virginia Regiment]]
|align="left"|Col. [[Charles Scott (governor)|Charles Scott]]
|align="left"|129
|-
|[[6th Virginia Regiment]]
|align="left"|Col. [[Mordecai Buckner]]
|align="left"|191
|
|-
|'''Stirling's Brigade'''
|align="left"|Brig. Gen. [[William Alexander (American general)|William Alexander]] (Lord Stirling)
|align="left"|673
|This brigade formed part of the center of Greene's line for the attack, along with Stephen's brigade.<ref name=F235/>
|-
|[[1st Virginia Regiment]]
|align="left"|Capt. John Fleming
|align="left"|185
|No field officers were present.<ref name=S351>Stryker, p. 351</ref>
|-
|[[1st Delaware Regiment]]
|align="left"|Col. [[John Haslet]]
|align="left"|108
|Col. Haslet was one of several men that fell into the Delaware during the crossing.<ref name=F219>Fischer, p. 219</ref>
|-
|[[3rd Virginia Regiment]]
|align="left"|Col. [[George Weedon]]
|align="left"|181
|
|-
|[[1st Pennsylvania Regiment|1st Pennsylvania Rifle Regiment]]
|align="left"|Maj. Ennion Williams
|align="left"|199
|Col. Samuel Miles and Lt. Col. James Piper were captured in [[Battle of Long Island]]. According to Stryker, this unit included the remnants of [[Samuel John Atlee|Atlee]]'s Pennsylvania State Musketry Battalion (decimated at Long Island),<ref name=S350>Stryker, p. 350</ref> while Fischer places those remnants with the [[6th Virginia Regiment]].
|-
|'''Mercer's Brigade'''
|align="left"|Brig. Gen. [[Hugh Mercer]]
|align="left"|838
|This brigade lined up on Greene's right for the attack.<ref name=F235/>
|-
|[[20th Connecticut Regiment]]
|align="left"|Col. [[John Durkee]]
|align="left"|313
|
|-
|[[1st Maryland Regiment]]
|align="left"|Lt. Col. Francis Ware
|align="left"|163
|Col. [[John Hoskins Stone|John Stone]] was recruiting in [[Maryland]].<ref name=S352>Stryker, p. 352</ref>
|-
|[[5th Massachusetts Regiment]]
|align="left"|Maj. Ezra Putnam<ref name=S352/>
|align="left"|115
|Fischer lists Col. Israel Hutchinson in command; Stryker says Hutchinson and Lt. Col. Benjamin Holden were absent.<ref name=S352/>
|-
|Bradley's Battalion, Connecticut State Troops
|align="left"|Capt. Benjamin Mills
|align="left"|142
|Fischer lists Col. Philip Burr Bradley in command; Stryker indicates all field officers were absent.<ref name="S353" />
|-
|[[Maryland and Virginia Rifle Regiment]]
|align="left"|Capt. Alexander Lawson Smith (Maryland element)
Capt. [[Gabriel Long]] (Virginia element)<ref>Hentz, p. 135</ref>
|align="left"|105
|Lt. Col. [[Moses Rawlings]] and Maj. [[Otho Holland Williams]] were wounded and captured at the [[Battle of Fort Washington]].<ref>Hentz, p. 136</ref>
|-
|'''Fermoy's Brigade'''
|align="left"|Brig. Gen. [[Matthias Alexis Roche de Fermoy]]
|align="left"|638
|This brigade lined up on Greene's left for the attack.<ref name=F235/>  At a key point in the battle, Washington ordered the brigade to extend Greene's line further to its left to avoid a potential flanking maneuver.<ref name=F246>Fischer, p. 246</ref>
|-
|[[1st Pennsylvania Regiment]]
|align="left"|Col. [[Edward Hand]]
|align="left"|254
|Hand's men were first assigned to cover the [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]] road.<ref name=F237>Fischer, p. 237</ref>
|-
|German Continentals
|align="left"|Col. [[Nicholas Haussegger]]
|align="left"|374
|Near the end of the battle, these German immigrants called out to the Hessians in German to lay down their weapons.<ref name=F251>Fischer, p. 251</ref>
|-
!bgcolor="#f9f9f9" align="center"|Sullivan's Division
|align="left"|Maj. Gen. [[John Sullivan (general)|John Sullivan]]
|align="left"|2,624 estimated
|General Sullivan accepted the surrender of Maj. von Dechow, who was mortally wounded and seeking safety.<ref name=S179>Stryker, p. 179</ref>
|-
|'''Glover's Brigade'''
|align="left"|Col. [[John Glover (general)|John Glover]]
|align="left"|1,259 estimated
|This brigade crossed the [[Assunpink Creek]] and took up positions on the far side of the bridge to prevent the enemy's escape across the bridge.<ref name=F252>Fischer, p. 252</ref>
|-
|[[14th Continental Regiment|14th (Marblehead) Regiment]]
|align="left"|Maj. William R. Lee
|align="left"|
|Fischer lists Col. [[John Glover (general)|John Glover]] in command; Stryker says Major Lee commanded while Glover led the brigade.<ref name=S356>Stryker, p. 356</ref>
|-
|[[3rd Massachusetts Regiment]]
|align="left"|Col. [[William Shepard]]
|align="left"|
|
|-
|[[19th Connecticut Regiment]]
|align="left"|Col. Charles Webb
|align="left"|
|
|-
|[[23rd Continental Regiment]]
|align="left"|Col. John Bailey
|align="left"|
|
|-
|[[26th Continental Regiment]]
|align="left"|Col. [[Loammi Baldwin]]
|align="left"|
|
|-
|'''Sargent's Brigade'''
|align="left"|Col. [[Paul Dudley Sargent]]
|align="left"|865 estimated
|This brigade also crossed the Assunpink Creek bridge and took up positions above the bridge to catch men trying to ford the creek.<ref name=F252/>
|-
|[[8th Massachusetts Regiment|16th Continental Regiment]]
|align="left"|Capt. James Perry
|align="left"|
|Fischer lists Sargent in command; Stryker indicates Perry, the next senior officer, commanded while Sargent led the brigade.<ref name=S354/>
|-
|[[List of Continental Army units (1776)#Eastern Department units|Ward's Regiment Connecticut Continentals]]
|align="left"|Col. Andrew Ward
|align="left"|
|
|-
|6th Battalion Connecticut State Troops
|align="left"|Col. John Chester
|align="left"|
|Stryker claims this unit did not cross the river.<ref name=S355>Stryker, p. 355</ref>
|-
|[[13th Continental Regiment]]
|align="left"|Lt. Col. Ebenezer Clap<ref name=S355/>
|align="left"|
|Col. [[Joseph Read]] was absent.<ref name=S355/>
|-
|[[1st New York Regiment|1st Regiment MacDougall's New York Continentals]]
|align="left"|Capt. John Johnson
|align="left"|
|The colonelcy was vacant with the promotion of [[Alexander McDougall|Alexander MacDougall]] to brigadier general, and the other command positions were also vacant.<ref name=S355/>
|-
|[[3rd New York Regiment]]
|align="left"|Lt. Col. Baron [[Friedrich von Weissenfels]]
|align="left"|
|Col. [[Peter Gansevoort]] was absent.<ref name=S355/>
|-
|'''St. Clair's Brigade'''
|align="left"|Brig. Gen. [[Arthur St. Clair]]
|align="left"|500 estimated
|This brigade entered the lower end of town, near the bridge, and engaged the Hessians on King Street.<ref name="F247" />
|-
|[[5th Continental Regiment]]
|align="left"|Col. [[John Stark]]
|align="left"|
|Stark's men led the initial attack against the jäger outpost on the river road.<ref name=F239>Fischer, p. 239</ref>
|-
|[[8th Continental Regiment]]
|align="left"|Col. [[Enoch Poor]]
|align="left"|
|
|-
|[[2nd Continental Regiment]]
|align="left"|Col. Israel Gilman
|align="left"|
|Stryker lists Gilman as Lt. Col., with a vacant colonelcy.  The previous colonel, [[James Reed (soldier)|James Reed]] had been promoted to brigadier general, and was sick at [[Peekskill, New York]].<ref name=S354>Stryker, p. 354</ref>
|-
|[[15th Continental Regiment]]
|align="left"|Col. [[John Paterson (New York politician)|John Paterson]]<ref>Egleston, pp. 98<!--at battle-->,463<!--commanding 15th--></ref>
|align="left"|
|
|-
!bgcolor="#f9f9f9" align="center"|Artillery
|align="left"|Col. [[Henry Knox]]
|align="left"|418 estimated; 16 guns
|Knox oversaw and coordinated the crossing of the Delaware River.<ref name=F218>Fischer, p. 218</ref>
|-
|New York Company of Continental Artillery
|align="left"|Capt. Sebastian Baumann
|align="left"|3 guns, 80–85 men
|Marching with Greene's division, this company and others occupied high ground that commanded Trenton's main roads.<ref name=F244>Fischer, p. 244</ref>
|-
|Massachusetts Company of Continental Artillery
|align="left"|Capt. Lt. [[Winthrop Sargent]]
|align="left"|2 guns, 55 men estimated
|Capt. Thomas Pierce was absent, wounded.<ref name=S357>Stryker, p. 357</ref>  This unit marched with Sullivan's division,<ref name="S142"/> and was eventually stationed on south shore of the Assunpink Creek. Its gunfire obstructed attempts by the Knyphausen regiment to ford the creek.<ref name=S178>Stryker, p. 178</ref>
|-
|New York State Company of Artillery
|align="left"|Capt. [[Alexander Hamilton]]
|align="left"|2 guns, 36 men
|Marching with Greene's division, this company occupied high ground that commanded Queen Street, one of Trenton's main roads.<ref name=S158/>
|-
|Eastern Company, New Jersey State Artillery
|align="left"|Capt. Daniel Neil
|align="left"|2 guns, 63 men
|This unit marched with Sullivan's division.<ref name=S142>Stryker, p. 142</ref>
|-
|Western Company, New Jersey State Artillery
|align="left"|Capt. Samuel Hugg
|align="left"|2 guns, 55 men estimated
|This unit marched with Sullivan's division.<ref name="S142"/>
|-
|2nd Company, Pennsylvania State Artillery
|align="left"|Capt. [[Thomas Forrest (politician)|Thomas Forrest]]
|align="left"|2 guns, 52 men
|Marching with Greene's division, this company occupied high ground that commanded King Street, one of Trenton's main roads.<ref name=S158>Stryker, p. 158</ref>
|-
|2nd Company, [[Associators|Philadelphia Associators]]
|align="left"|Capt. Joseph Moulder
|align="left"|3 guns, 85 men
|This unit marched with Sullivan's division.<ref name="S142"/>
|-
|'''[[First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry|Philadelphia Troop of Light Horse]]'''
|align="left"|Capt. [[Samuel Morris (soldier)|Samuel Morris]]
|align="left"|25 cavalry<ref name=S358>Stryker, p. 358</ref>
|According to Stryker, this unit rode with Greene's division; it is not clear from sources if it was brigaded in any way.  Fischer lists the unit as "not with the Continental Army".<ref name="S142" /><ref name=F392>Fischer, p. 392</ref>  Its assignments included patrolling the area around Trenton in the aftermath of the battle and the retreat across the river.<ref name=S208>Stryker, p. 208</ref>
|-
!bgcolor="#f9f9f9" align="center"|Total Size
|align="left"|
|align="left"|5,422 estimated
|
|-
|colspan=4 align="center"|<small>Unless otherwise cited, the information in this table is provided by Fischer, pp.&nbsp;390–393.</small>
|}
==Other American units in the campaign==
[[File:The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton December 26 1776.jpeg|thumb|right
|alt=The Capture of the Hessians celebrates the important victory by General George Washington at the Battle of Trenton. In the center of the painting, Washington is focused on the needs of the mortally wounded Hessian Colonel Johann Rall. On the left, the severely wounded Lieutenant James Monroe is helped by Dr. John RIker. On the right is Major General Nathanael Greene on horseback.
|''[[The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton, December 26, 1776]]''<br />by [[John Trumbull]], 1786–1828
]]
Although the main Continental Army force was the only American formation involved in the attack on Trenton, Washington had planned two additional crossings of the Delaware to assist in the attack.  Pennsylvania militia Brigadier General [[John Cadwalader (general)|John Cadwalader]]'s brigade, composed of militia companies called ''[[associators]]'' and a number of smaller Continental Army regiments, did get some units across the river at Dunk's Ferry, but ice jams on the far side made it impossible to cross everyone, including Cadwalader and the artillery, and the effort was abandoned.<ref name=F214_5>Fischer, pp. 214–215</ref> Pennsylvania brigadier [[James Ewing (Pennsylvania politician)|James Ewing]] was unable to cross any of his troops (militia companies that had been assigned to the reserve force known as the [[Flying Camp]] earlier in the year) due to difficult icy conditions at the Trenton Ferry.<ref name=K268>Ketchum, p. 268</ref>  Ewing's artillery did fire across the river during the battle.<ref name="F239" />
{|class="wikitable" width="85%" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
!colspan="4" bgcolor="#f9f9f9"|'''Other American units'''
|-
!bgcolor="#f9f9f9" width=25%|Unit
!bgcolor="#f9f9f9" width=22%|Commander
!bgcolor="#f9f9f9" width=13%|Unit size
!bgcolor="#f9f9f9" width=30%|Notes
|-
!bgcolor="#f9f9f9" align="center"|'''Cadwalader's Brigade'''
|align="left"|Brig. Gen. [[John Cadwalader (general)|John Cadwalader]]
|align="left"|2,322 estimated
|Some crossed at Dunk's Ferry but then withdrew.<ref name=F214_5/>
|-
|'''Philadelphia Associators'''
|align="left"|Capt. George Henry<ref name=D243>Dwyer, p. 243</ref>
|align="left"|1,500 estimated
|The Associators (or at least some of them) and the Delaware militia were the only troops that successfully crossed the Delaware.  They returned after it was clear the artillery could not be crossed, upon which Cadwalader and Hitchcock abandoned the effort.<ref name=D244>Dwyer, p. 244</ref>
|-
|Morgan's Regiment, Philadelphia Militia
|align="left"|Col. Jacob Morgan
|align="left"|
|
|-
|Bayard's Regiment, Philadelphia Militia
|align="left"|Col. [[John Bayard]]
|align="left"|
|
|-
|Cadwalader's Regiment, Philadelphia Militia
|align="left"|Lt. Col. [[John Nixon (financier)|John Nixon]]
|align="left"|
|
|-
|Matlack's Rifle Battalion, Philadelphia Militia
|align="left"|Col. [[Timothy Matlack]]
|align="left"|
|
|-
|[[Kent County, Delaware]] Militia Company
|align="left"|Capt. [[Thomas Rodney (American Revolutionary War)|Thomas Rodney]]
|align="left"|
|
|-
|Two artillery companies
|align="left"|
|align="left"|
|
|-
|'''Hitchcock's Brigade'''
|align="left"|Col. [[Daniel Hitchcock]]<ref name="D244" />
|align="left"|822 estimated
|
|-
|[[6th Massachusetts Regiment|Nixon's Regiment, Massachusetts Continentals]]
|align="left"|Col. [[John Nixon (Continental Army general)|John Nixon]]
|align="left"|156<ref>Wright, p. 96</ref>
|The numbers from Hitchcock's brigade were published in Wright from the General Return of 22 December 1776 and are hard to read.
|-
|[[1st Rhode Island Regiment|Varnum's Regiment, Rhode Island Continentals]] (a.k.a. 9th Continentals)
|align="left"|Col. [[James Varnum]]
|align="left"|138
|
|-
|[[2nd Rhode Island Regiment|Hitchcock's Regiment, Rhode Island Continentals]] (a.k.a. 11th Continentals)
|align="left"|Maj. [[Israel Angell]]
|align="left"|114
|Angell commanded because Hitchcock led the brigade.
|-
|[[12th Continental Regiment|Little's Regiment, Massachusetts Continentals]]
|align="left"|Lt. Col. [[William Henshaw]]<ref>Proc. Mass. Hist. Society, Vol 15,  p. 72</ref>
|align="left"|168
|Col. [[Moses Little]] was sick at [[Peekskill, New York]].<ref>Johnston, p. 189</ref>
|-
|[[Babcock's/Lippitt's Regiment|Lippitt's Regiment]], [[Rhode Island Line]]<ref>Wright, p. 230</ref>
|align="left"|Col. [[Christopher Lippitt]]
|align="left"|171
|Wright called this unit a Continental Army regiment, whereas Fischer listed it as militia.  It was, in fact, a militia regiment, originally raised for service in Rhode Island, which had been called into Continental service.
|-
!bgcolor="#f9f9f9" align="center"|'''Ewing's Brigade''', Pennsylvania Militia of the [[Flying Camp]]
|align="left"|Brig. Gen. [[James Ewing (Pennsylvania politician)|James Ewing]]
|align="left"|1,000–1,200<ref name=S347/>
|This brigade was to cross at the Trenton Ferry, directly across from the town.<ref name=K268/>  Fischer lists fewer units than Stryker does, estimating the brigade to have 826 men.
|-
|[[Cumberland County, Pennsylvania|Cumberland County]] Regiment
|align="left"|Col. [[Frederick Watts (American Revolutionary War)|Frederick Watts]]
|align="left"|
|
|-
|[[Cumberland County, Pennsylvania|Cumberland County]] Regiment
|align="left"|Col. [[William Montgomery (Pennsylvania soldier)|William Montgomery]]
|align="left"|
|
|-
|[[Lancaster County, Pennsylvania|Lancaster County]] Regiment
|align="left"|Col. Jacob Klotz
|align="left"|
|
|-
|[[York County, Pennsylvania|York County]] Regiment
|align="left"|Col. Richard McCallister
|align="left"|
|
|-
|[[Chester County, Pennsylvania|Chester County]] Regiment
|align="left"|Col. [[James Moore (Pennsylvania)|James Moore]]
|align="left"|
|
|-
|Detachment, [[Bucks County, Pennsylvania|Bucks County]] Regiment
|align="left"|Col. [[Joseph Hart (American Revolutionary War)|Joseph Hart]]
|align="left"|
|This unit is not listed by Fischer, but is listed by Stryker as part of Ewing's brigade.  Stryker estimates that this unit and Dickinson's New Jersey militia combined numbered between 300 and 500 men.<ref name=S347>Stryker, p. 347</ref>
|-
|'''[[New Jersey]] militia'''
|align="left"|Brig. Gen. [[Philemon Dickinson]]
|align="left"|
|These units are not listed by Fischer, but are listed by Stryker as part of Ewing's brigade.<ref name=S347/>
|-
|Detachment, 1st Regiment [[Hunterdon County, New Jersey]] militia
|align="left"|Col. [[Isaac Smith (New Jersey politician)|Isaac Smith]]
|align="left"|
|
|-
|Detachment, 2nd Regiment [[Middlesex County, New Jersey]] militia
|align="left"|Col. [[John Neilson (colonel)|John Neilson]]
|align="left"|
|
|-
|colspan=4 align="center"|<small>Unless otherwise cited, the information in this table is provided by Fischer, p.&nbsp;392.</small>
|}
==Notes==
{{reflist|colwidth=24em}}
==References==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|last=Dwyer|first=William M|title=The Day is Ours!|location=New York|publisher=Viking|year=1983|isbn=0-670-11446-4|ref=Dwyer|url=https://archive.org/details/dayisoursnovemb00dwye_0}}
* {{cite book |author=Eelking, Max von |others=[[Joseph George Rosengarten|Rosengarten, J. G.]] (translator)|title=The German Allied Troops in the North American War of Independence, 1776–1783|year=1893 |publisher=Joel Munsell's Sons|location=Albany, NY|ref=Eelking|oclc=1591841|url=https://archive.org/details/germanalliedtro01rosegoog|page=[https://archive.org/details/germanalliedtro01rosegoog/page/n14 5] |quote=eelking germans revolution. }}
* {{cite book|last=Egleston|first=Thomas|title=The Life of John Paterson: Major-General in the Revolutionary Army|publisher=G. P. Putnam's Sons|year=1898|oclc=3425265|location=New York|ref=Egleston|url=https://archive.org/details/lifejohnpaterso03eglegoog|quote=egleston john paterson.}}
* {{cite book|last=Fischer|first=David Hackett|authorlink=David Hackett Fischer|title=Washington's Crossing|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-518159-X|ref=Fischer|year=2004|title-link=Washington's Crossing (book)}}
* Hentz, Tucker F. (2006). "[http://military-historians.org/company/journal/58-3/58-3.pdf Unit history of the Maryland and Virginia Rifle Regiment (1776–1781): Insights from the service record of Capt. Adamson Tannehill]." ''Military Collector & Historian'' 58(3), 129–144. {{ISSN|0026-3966}}.
* {{cite book|title=The Campaign of 1776 around New York and New Jersey|first=Henry Phelps|last=Johnston|publisher=The Long Island Historical Society|year=1878|ref=Johnston|oclc=234710|location=Brooklyn, NY|url=https://archive.org/details/campaignaroundn00johngoog|quote=Johnston campaign new york 1776.}}
* {{cite book|title=The Winter Soldiers|first=Richard M|last=Ketchum|publisher=Doubleday|location=Garden City, NY|isbn=0-385-05490-4|year=1973|oclc=640266|url=https://archive.org/details/wintersoldiers00ketc}}
* {{cite book|title=The Battles of Trenton and Princeton|first=William S|last=Stryker|url=https://archive.org/details/battlesoftrenton00stry|location=Boston|publisher=Houghton, Mifflin|year=1898|oclc=49835662}}
* [[Robert K. Wright Jr.|Wright, Robert K. Jr.]] (1983). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=I2jfAAAAMAAJ The Continental Army].'' Washington, D.C.: [[United States Army Center of Military History]] Publication 60-4-1, U.S. Government Printing Office. {{OCLC|8806011}}.
* {{cite book|publisher=[[Massachusetts Historical Society]]|title=Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Volume 15|location=Boston, MA|year=1878|oclc=1695300|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xVYMAAAAYAAJ&q=william+henshaw+orderly+book&pg=PA75}}
{{refend}}
{{featured list}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Trenton order of battle}}
[[Category:American Revolutionary War orders of battle]]
[[Category:New Jersey in the American Revolution]]