View source for Bayt Daras

{{Short description|Palestinian village depopulated in 1948}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Bayt Daras
| native_name             = بيت دراس
| native_name_lang        = ar
| other_name              = Beit Daras, Baydarās-Badarās, Dāris<ref name=Sharonp229>Sharon, 1999, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=EPFDU8POrXIC&pg=PA229  229]</ref> Bethduras<ref>Ellenblum, 2003, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=riHMZiH_Te4C&pg=PA1 XX]</ref>
| settlement_type         =
<!-- images, nickname, motto -->
| image_skyline           = Bayt Daras.jpg
| image_caption           = Old structure from Bayt Daras, presently in [[Azrikam]]
| etymology               = "The house of treading corn"<ref>Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/266/mode/1up 266]</ref>
<!-- maps and coordinates -->
| pushpin_map             = Mandatory Palestine | pushpin_map_caption     = Location within [[Mandatory Palestine]] | image_map               = {{Historical map series|default=2|date1=1870s|date2=1940s|date3=modern|date4=1940s with modern overlay|width=225}} | map_caption             = A series of historical maps of the area around Bayt Daras (click the buttons)
| pushpin_mapsize         = 200
| coordinates             = {{coord|31|43|24|N|34|40|58|E|type:city_region:PS|display=inline,title}}
| grid_name               = [[Palestine grid|Palestine&nbsp;grid]]
| grid_position           = 120/125
<!-- location -->
| subdivision_type        = [[Geopolitical entity]]
| subdivision_name        = [[Mandatory Palestine]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Districts of Mandatory Palestine|Subdistrict]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Gaza Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine|Gaza]]
<!-- established -->
| established_title1      = Date of depopulation
| established_date1       = May 11, 1948<ref>Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PR19  xix], village #282, Also gives cause of depopulation.</ref>
| established_title2      = Repopulated dates
<!-- area -->
| area_footnotes          = <ref name=Hadawi45/>
| unit_pref               = dunam
| area_total_dunam        = 16,357
<!-- population -->
| population_as_of        = 1945
| population_total        = 2,750<ref name=1945p31>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p31.jpg   31]</ref><ref name=Hadawi45>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Gaza/Page-045.jpg  45]</ref>
<!-- blank fields (section 1) -->
| blank_name_sec1         = Cause(s) of depopulation
| blank_info_sec1         = Military assault by [[Yishuv]] forces
| blank3_name_sec1        = Current Localities
| blank3_info_sec1        = [[Giv'ati]]<ref>Morris, 2004, p.[https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PR21  xxi], settlement #65, 1949-1950</ref><ref name=Khalidi87/> [[Emunim]]<ref name=Khalidi87/> [[Azrikam]]<ref name=Khalidi87/>
}}
'''Bayt Daras''' ({{langx|ar|بيت دراس}}) was a [[Palestinian people|Palestinian Arab]] town located  {{convert|46|km|mi|sp=us}} northeast of [[Gaza City|Gaza]]{{sfn|Baroud|2010|p=3}}{{sfn|Ageel|2016|p=6}} and approximately {{convert|50|m|ft|sp=us}} above sea level. The village was depopulated and destroyed during the [[1948 Palestine war]], as part of the [[1948 Palestinian expulsion]] and the [[Nakba]].<ref name=Khalidi87/>
==History==
A grave, dating to the [[Hellenistic period|Hellenistic]] era, probably from the first half of the third century BCE, have been found and excavated at the site.<ref>Eisenberg-Degen et al., 2019, [http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=25552&mag_id=127 ‘Azriqam, Giv‘ati Pumping Station]</ref>
Bayt Daras was an archaeological site that contained stone foundations and vaulted rooms.  The  [[Crusader states|Crusader]]s built a castle on the hill that overlooked the village.<ref name=Khalidi87/><ref>545, 546 in 1177 CE,  in Röhricht, 1893,  p. [https://archive.org/stream/registaregnihier00rhuoft#page/145/mode/1up 145]</ref><ref>Ellenblum, 2003, p.  [https://books.google.com/books?id=riHMZiH_Te4C&pg=PA202  202]</ref> Church endowments and land deeds mention it as Betheras.<ref name=":0" /> During the [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluk]] rule in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], (1205-1517), Bayt Daras formed part of a [[Postage stamps and postal history of Palestine|mail route]] from [[Cairo]] to [[Damascus]]. In this period, in 1325, a ''khan'', or [[caravanserai]], was built in the village.<ref name=Sharonp229/><ref name=Khalidi87>Khalidi, 1992, p. 87</ref>
Bayt Daras was one of twin villages carrying this name, inhabited in the [[15th century]]. In 1459, [[Mamluk Sultanate|Mamluk]] records mention Bayt Daras al-Surgha (Lesser Bayt Daras)'s endowment as a [[waqf]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Marom |first1=Roy |last2=Taxel |first2=Itamar |date=2023-10-01 |title=Ḥamāma: The historical geography of settlement continuity and change in Majdal 'Asqalan's hinterland, 1270–1750 CE |url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt1hr356xv/qt1hr356xv.pdf?t=s0zyli |journal=Journal of Historical Geography |volume=82 |pages=49–65 |doi=10.1016/j.jhg.2023.08.003 |s2cid=261984798 |issn=0305-7488|doi-access=free }}</ref>
=== Ottoman Empire ===
In 1517, Bayt Daras was incorporated into the [[Ottoman Empire]] with the rest of [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]. In first Ottoman  [[Defter|tax register]] of 1526/7 the village had a population of 22 [[Muslim]] households, and it belonged to the ''[[nahiya]]''  (subdistrict) of Gaza ([[Gaza Sanjak]]).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Marom |first1=Roy |last2=Taxel |first2=Itamar |date=2023-10-01 |title=Ḥamāma: The historical geography of settlement continuity and change in Majdal 'Asqalan's hinterland, 1270–1750 CE |url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt1hr356xv/qt1hr356xv.pdf?t=s0zyli |journal=Journal of Historical Geography |volume=82 |pages=49–65 |doi=10.1016/j.jhg.2023.08.003 |s2cid=261984798 |issn=0305-7488|doi-access=free }}</ref> In 1596 the village also appeared as being in the ''nahiya'' of [[Gaza City|Gaza]] under the [[Liwa of Gaza]], with a population of 58 [[Muslim]] households; an estimated 319 persons. It paid a fixed tax rate of 33,3% on a number of crops, including [[wheat]] and [[barley]], as well as on goats, beehives and vineyards; a total of 7,900 [[akçe]]. 1/24 of the revenue went to a [[waqf]].<ref>Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977,  p. 146. Quoted and estimated in Khalidi, 1992,  p. 87</ref>
During the [[17th century|17th]] and [[18th century|18th centuries]], the area of Bayt Daras experienced a significant process of settlement decline due to [[nomad]]ic pressures on local communities. The residents of abandoned villages moved to surviving settlements, but the land continued to be cultivated by neighboring villages.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Marom |first1=Roy |last2=Taxel |first2=Itamar |date=2023-01-01 |title=Ḥamāma: The historical geography of settlement continuity and change in Majdal 'Asqalān's hinterland, 1270 - 1750 CE |url=https://www.academia.edu/106637796 |journal=Journal of Historical Geography |volume=82 |pages=49–65 |doi=10.1016/j.jhg.2023.08.003|s2cid=261984798 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
In 1838, ''Beit Daras'' was noted as a Muslim village in the Gaza district.<ref>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 2, p. [https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearc00smitgoog/page/n391/mode/1up 369]</ref><ref>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd appendix, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/118/mode/1up 118]</ref>
French explorer [[Victor Guérin]] visited the village in 1863,  and found it to have 700 inhabitants.<ref>Guérin, 1869, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongog02gu#page/81/mode/1up 81]</ref> In the 1882  [[Palestine Exploration Fund|PEF]]'s ''[[PEF Survey of Palestine|Survey of Western Palestine]]'' (SWP), the village of Bayt Daras was described as being surrounded by gardens and [[olive]] groves, and it was bordered to the north by a pond.<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1882, [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/409/mode/1up II:409]. Also quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p.87</ref>
=== British Mandate ===
[[File:Bayt Daras 1930.jpg|thumb|left|Bayt Daras 1930 1:20,000 (left of map)]]
In the [[1922 census of Palestine]], conducted by the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate authorities]], Bait Daras had a population of 1,670  Muslims,<ref>Barron, 1923, Table V,   [[Gaza Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine|Sub-district of Gaza]], p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n10/mode/1up    8]</ref> increasing in the  [[1931 census of Palestine]], to 1,804, still all Muslim, in 401 inhabited houses.<ref>Mills, 1932,  p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 2]</ref>
[[File:Isdud 1945.jpg|thumb|left|Bayt Daras 1945 1:250,000]]
In the [[Village Statistics, 1945|1945 statistics]]  Beit Daras had a population of 2,750 Muslims,<ref name=1945p31/>  with 16,357  [[dunam]]s of land, according to an official land and population survey.<ref name=Hadawi45/> Of this, 832 dunams were allocated to citrus and banana plants, 472 plantations and irrigable land, 14,436 used for cereals,<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Gaza/Page-086.jpg  86]</ref> while 88  dunams were built-up land.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Gaza/Page-136.jpg  136]</ref> One quarter of the land was owned by a single family, one of whose survivors still has their title deeds in her keeping in a Khan Younis refugee camp.{{sfn|Ageel|2013}}{{sfn|Ageel|2016|p=7}} A school was established there in 1921 and in its first year had 234 students enrolled, taught by 5 teachers in six classes.{{sfn|Baroud|2010|p=6}}
In addition to agriculture, residents practiced [[animal husbandry]] which formed was an important source of income for the town. In 1943, they owned 653 heads of [[cattle]], 489 [[sheep]] over a year old, 103 [[Goat|goats]] over a year old, 35 [[Camel|camels]], 10 [[Horse|horses]], 18 [[Mule|mules]], 299 [[Donkey|donkeys]], 6307 [[Fowl|fowls]], 2454 [[Domestic pigeon|pigeons]], and 23 [[Pig|pigs]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last1=Marom |first1=Roy |last2=Taxel |first2=Itamar |date=2024-10-10 |title=Hamama: The Palestinian Countryside in Bloom (1750–1948) |url=https://journal.equinoxpub.com/JIA/article/view/26586 |journal=Journal of Islamic Archaeology |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=93 |doi=10.1558/jia.26586 |issn=2051-9729}}</ref>
===1948 war and destruction===
{{Further|1948 Palestine war|1948 Palestinian expulsion}}
{{Nakba}}
According to Palestinian accounts, Beit Daras villagers lived peacefully with residents of ''Tabiyya'', a walled ''kubaniya'' (Jewish colony) on its borders. Jews brought their produce, spoke the dialect fluently and their local doctor, Tsemeh, would care for Beit Daras' sick people when called on for assistance. The only anomaly was the occasional sound of gunfire practice in Tabiyya which soldiers from the British army appeared to be training their neighbours in the use of arms. Occasionally British soldiers on horseback made harassing forays into Beit Daras. {{sfn|Baroud|2010|pp=3-4}}
According to  [[Ramzy Baroud]], Beit Daras began to be subjected to heavy shelling on March 27–28, 1948, during which nine villagers died and much of the crops were destroyed.{{sfn|Baroud|2013}}{{sfn|Baroud|2010}}
The village was subject to an Israeli  offensive military assault four times.<ref>[[Saleh Abd al-Jawad|S.A. Jawad]], 'Zionist Massacres: the creation of the Palestine Refugee Problem,' in [[Eyal Benvenisti]],  Chaim Gans, Sari Hanafi (eds.) ''Israel and the Palestinian Refugees,'' Springer 2007 pp.59-127 p.81 n.60.</ref> It was defended by the [[Sudan]]ese Army and a number of local militiamen and, The objective of the [[Palmach]]'s operational plan, 'Operation Lightning' (''[[Operation Barak|Mivtza Barak]]'') was to compel the Arab inhabitants of the area to 'move' and by striking one or more population centres to cause an exodus, which was foreseen given the wave of panic that was sweeping Arab communities after the [[Deir Yassin massacre]]. {{sfn|Baroud|2013}}  Bayt Daras was targeted to be surrounded, to have the villagers surrender and hand over their arms, and if this order was resisted, it was to be mortared, stormed and 'dealt with in the manner of [[scorched earth]]'.
The village was attacked and captured on May 11, 1948 by the [[Givati Brigade]] during [[Operation Barak]], just prior to the outbreak of the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]].<ref>Morris,  2004, pp.  [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA256 256]-257</ref> The village suffered some 50 casualties, and many houses were then blown up, and wells and granaries sabotaged.<ref>Morris,  2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA256 256]</ref> Bayt Daras had a population of 3,190 living in 709 houses in 1948. In Baroud's account, a massacre took place as people fled the village.{{sfn|Baroud|2013}}
[[File:Beit Daras.jpg|thumb|left|Israeli army camp at Bayt Daras, 1948]]
According to the memoirs of [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]], the empty village was reoccupied by Sudanese forces in June, but they left after a signaling error caused them to be shelled by their own side.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Gamal Abdul Nasser | author2 = Walid Khalidi | name-list-style = amp | title = Nasser's Memoirs of the First Palestine War | journal = Journal of Palestine Studies | volume = 2 | issue = 2 | year = 1973 | pages = 3–32 | doi=10.1525/jps.1973.2.2.00p0045r| doi-broken-date = 2024-11-12 }}</ref>
Structures in the village were made of stone foundations with vaulted rooms. There were also two elementary schools and two mosques, all of which were demolished after its capture.
Following the war the area was incorporated into the [[Israel|State of Israel]]. In 1950 the [[moshav]] of  [[Giv'ati]] was built on the site of the village, with two other moshavim, [[Azrikam]], [[Emunim]], established on land that had belonged to Bayt Daras.<ref name=Khalidi87/> Later in the 1950s a farm called [[Zemorot]] was built on Khirbat Awda, which had also belonged to Bayt Daras.<ref name=Khalidi88>Khalidi, 1992, p. 88</ref>
In 1992 the village site was described: "The only remain of village buildings are the foundations of one house and some scattered rubble. The site is overgrown with wild vegetation interspersed by cactuses and eucalyptus trees. At least one of the streets is clearly recognisable. The surrounding fields are cultivated by the settlements."<ref name=Khalidi88/>
==Culture==
A woman's ''thob'' (loose fitting robe with sleeves) dated to about 1930 from the village of Beit Daras is part of the [[Museum of International Folk Art]] (MOIFA) collection at [[Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe]]. The dress fabric is called ''abu hizz ahmar'' (black cotton ground with purple, orange and green stipes of cotton and silk), from [[Al-Majdal, Askalan|Majdal]]. The only embroidery on the front is below the neck opening. The back panel has three horizontal bands of embroidery, and a local version of the ''khem-el-basha'' ("the pashas tent") motif along the hem.<ref>Stillman, 1979, p. 76</ref>
==Notable Palestinians with roots in Bayt Daras==
*[[Ramzy Baroud]]
*[[Abdallah Tayeh]], a Palestinian writer and novelist, author of ''Moon in Beit Daras'' (2001).{{sfn|Baroud|2010|p=4}}
==See also==
*[[Depopulated Palestinian locations in Israel]]
*[[Abdul Rahman Ahmed Jibril Baroud]]
*[[Mohammed Assaf]]
==References==
{{Reflist|25em}}
==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{Cite news| title = My Body in Shatat, My Heart in Gaza, My Soul in Beit Daras| last =Ageel| first =Ghada |publisher =The Palestine Chronicle| date = 18 May 2013| url = https://www.palestinechronicle.com/my-body-in-shatat-my-heart-in-gaza-my-soul-in-beit-daras/}}
*{{Cite book| chapter =Beit Daras: Once upon a land|last=Ageel| first = Ghada|editor-last =Ageel|editor-first =Ghada| title =Apartheid in Palestine:Hard Laws and Harder Experiences| publisher =[[University of Alberta Press]] | year=2016|pages=3–22|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=qcSrDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT52 |isbn= 978-1-772-12103-2}}
*{{Cite book| title = My Father Was a Freedom Fighter: Gaza's Untold Story| last = Baroud | first = Ramzy | author-link =Ramzy Baroud| year = 2010 | publisher = [[Pluto Press]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=V-VlPgAACAAJ | isbn = 978-0-745-32882-9}}
*{{Cite news| title = A Hundred Deir Yassin And Counting: Beit Daras And The Buried History of Massacres| last = Baroud | first = Ramzy | author-link =Ramzy Baroud| publisher =[[Countercurrents.org]]| date =23 April 2013 |url= https://countercurrents.org/baroud230413.htm}}
*{{cite book |editor =Barron, J.B.  | title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922|url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922  | publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}}
*{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1882|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp02conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]|volume=2}}
*{{cite journal|author=Eisenberg-Degen, Davida|author2= Emil Aladjem|author3= Svetlana Talis|name-list-style= amp |date= 2019-06-06 |url=http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=25552&mag_id=127|title= 'Azriqam, Giv'ati Pumping Station |journal=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel |number=131}}
*{{cite book | first=R.|last=Ellenblum|author-link= Ronnie Ellenblum|title=Frankish Rural Settlement in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=riHMZiH_Te4C  | publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2003|isbn= 9780521521871}}
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics|year=1945}}
*{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongog02gu|volume=1: Judee, pt. 2|year=1869|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=fr}}
*{{cite book |title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|author-link=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}}
*{{cite book | last1= Hütteroth |first1=W.-D.|author-link1=Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth |first2=K. | last2=Abdulfattah |author-link2=Kamal Abdulfattah| title = Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ  | year = 1977 | publisher = Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft|isbn= 3-920405-41-2}}
*{{cite book|title=All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_By7AAAAIAAJ |first=W.|last=Khalidi|author-link=Walid Khalidi|year=1992|location=[[Washington D.C.]]|publisher=[[Institute for Palestine Studies]]|isbn=0-88728-224-5}}
*{{cite book | editor = Mills, E. | title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932}}
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C |first=B.|last=Morris |author-link=Benny Morris |year=2004 |title=The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited|isbn=978-0-521-00967-6 |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}
*[[Gamal Abdul Nasser|Nasser, G.A.]] (1955/1973): [https://web.archive.org/web/20110928202610/http://www.palestine-studies.org/enakba/Memoirs/  "Memoirs"] in ''[[Journal of Palestine Studies]]''    <!--  cited in Khalidi, 1992, p. 87  (G 18, 20-23)  -->
**[https://web.archive.org/web/20110830233111/http://www.palestine-studies.org/enakba/Memoirs/Nasser,%20Memoirs%20of%20the%20First%20Palestine%20War.pdf “Nasser's Memoirs of the First Palestine War” in 2, no. 2 (Win. 73): 3-32], pdf-file, downloadable
*{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]}}
*{{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|author-link1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=E.|author-link2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearc00smitgoog |title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838|  location=Boston|publisher=[[Crocker & Brewster]]|volume=2}}
*{{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|author-link1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=E.|author-link2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearch03robiuoft |title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838|  location=Boston|publisher=[[Crocker & Brewster]]|volume=3}}
*{{cite book|last=Röhricht|first=R.|author-link=Reinhold Röhricht|title= (RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI)|url=https://archive.org/details/regestaregnihie00rhgoog|year=1893|publisher=Libraria Academica Wageriana|location=Berlin|language=la}}
*{{cite book|title=Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae, B-C |volume= 2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EPFDU8POrXIC |first=M.|last=Sharon|author-link=Moshe Sharon|year=1999|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-11083-6}}
*Stillman, Yedida Kalfon (1979):  ''Palestinian costume and jewelry'',  Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press,  {{ISBN|0-8263-0490-7}} (A catalog of the  [[Museum of International Folk Art]] (MOIFA)  at [[Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe]]'s [https://web.archive.org/web/20071230160757/http://www.moifa.org/collections/coll-textile.html] collection of Palestinian clothing and jewelry.)
{{Refend}}
==External links==
*[https://www.palestineremembered.com/Gaza/Bayt-Daras/ Welcome to Bayt Daras] Palestine Remembered
*[http://www.zochrot.org/village/view?id=49058  Bayt Daras],  [[Zochrot]]
*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 16: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8378   IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.16.jpg Wikimedia commons]
*[https://borisfenus.blogspot.no/2012/12/13-not-maqams.html Dome structure in ‘Azrikam]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081205081309/http://www.alnakba.org/villages/gaza/daras.htm Bayt Daras] from the [[Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center]]
{{Palestinian Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestine War}}
{{Massacres against Palestinians}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Zionist political violence]]
[[Category:District of Gaza]]
[[Category:Arab villages depopulated prior to the 1948 Arab–Israeli War]]