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{{Short description|Indigenous community in western and eastern India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = Bhil
| native_name      =
| native_name_lang =
| image            = File:Bhils1880s.jpg
| caption          = Bhils of Sindh
| total            = 17 Million
| total_ref        =
| total_year       = [[2011 Census of India|2011]]
| total_source     = census
| region1          = {{flag|India}}
| pop1             = 16,908,907<ref name=list>{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SC/ST/ST%20Lists.pdf |title=List of notified Scheduled Tribes |publisher=Census India |access-date=15 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107225208/http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/ST%20Lists.pdf |archive-date=7 November 2013 }}</ref><ref name=Census2011>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html|title=A-11 Individual Scheduled Tribe Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix|access-date=2017-03-24|work=Census of India 2011|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India|Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India]]}}</ref>
| region2          = {{nbsp|10}}[[Madhya Pradesh]]
| pop2             = 5,993,921<ref name=Census2011/>
| region3          = {{nbsp|10}}[[Gujarat]]
| pop3             = 4,215,603
| ref3             = <ref name=Census2011/>
| region6          = {{nbsp|10}}[[Rajasthan]]
| pop6             = 4,100,264
| ref6             = <ref name=Census2011/>
| region7          = {{nbsp|10}}[[Maharastra]]
| pop7             = 2,588,658
| ref7             = <ref name=Census2011/>
| region8          = {{nbsp|10}}[[Karnataka]]
| pop8             = 6,204
| ref8             = <ref name=Census2011/>
| region9          = {{nbsp|10}}[[Tripura]]
| pop9             = 3,105
| ref9             = <ref name=Census2011/>
| region10         = {{nbsp|10}}[[Andhra Pradesh]]
| pop10            = 604
| ref10            = <ref name=Census2011/>
| region11         = {{nbsp|10}}[[Chhattisgarh]]
| pop11            = 547
| ref11            = <ref name=Census2011/>
| region12         = {{flag|Pakistan}} ([[Sindh]])
| pop12            = 1,200,000 to 1,700,000 (2020)<ref>Bhil of Pakistan, Hussain Ghulam (2020) Bielefeld University https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343611243_Bhil_of_Pakistan#:~:text=Although%20official%20population%20figures%20are,million%20(as%20of%202020)</ref>
| languages        = {{hlist|[[Bhil languages]] |[[Marathi language|Marathi]] |[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] |[[Sindhi Bhil]] |[[Hindustani language|Hindi]] | [[Bengali language|Bengali]]}}
| religions        = [[Hindu]]
| related          =
}}
'''Bhil''' or '''Bheel''' refer to the various [[Indigenous peoples|indigenous groups]] inhabiting western [[India]], including parts of [[Rajasthan]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]] and are also found in distant places such as [[Bengal]] and [[Tripura]].<ref name=WECDL>{{cite book |title=Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life |volume=3 |edition=2, illustrated |year=2009 |page=131 |publisher=[[Gale (publisher)|Gale]] |place=Farmington Hills, Michigan |editor1-first=Timothy L. |editor1-last=Gall |editor2-first=Jeneen |editor2-last=Hobby |isbn=9781414448916 |oclc=1112785346 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QbhZAAAAYAAJ&q=Bhil+bow |quote=The name Bhil identifies various ethnic communities inhabiting the hills and forests of southern Rajasthan and neighboring areas of western India. Some scholars argue that "Bhil" comes from the Dravidian word for bow (''billa'' or ''billu'') and reflects the popularity of the bow and arrow as a weapon among these groups. The term is also used in a broader sense to refer to the aboriginal peoples of this region.}}</ref> They speak various dialects of regional [[Indo-Aryan languages]], collectively referred to as the [[Bhil languages]], while the indigenous non-Indo-Aryan language that the Bhil originally spoke is lost.<ref>{{cite book|author=Gregory D.S. Anderson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w2zxBwAAQBAJ|title=The Munda Languages| date=8 April 2015 | publisher=Routledge | isbn=978-1-317-82885-3 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://tribal.nic.in/ST/StatisticalProfileofSTs2013.pdf|title=Statistical Profile of Scheduled Tribes in India|publisher=Ministry of Tribal Affairs|year=2013|location=New Delhi|pages=10}}</ref> Bhils are divided into a number of [[endogamy|endogamous]] territorial divisions, which in turn have a number of clans and lineages.
Bhils are listed as tribal people in the states of [[Gujarat]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[Rajasthan]]—all in the western [[Deccan]] regions and central India—as well as in [[Bengal]] and [[Tripura]] in far-eastern India, on the border with [[Bangladesh]]. Many Bhils now speak the dominant later language of the region they reside in, such as [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]] or a [[Bhili language]] dialect.
==Etymology==
Some scholars suggest that the term Bhil is derived from the word ''billa'' or ''billu'' which means '''bow''' in the [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian lexis]]. The term Bhil is used to refer to "various ethnic communities" living in the forests and hills of [[Rajasthan]]'s southern parts and surrounding regions of [[western India]], highlighting the "popularity of the bow and arrow as a weapon among these groups". It is also used as a blanket term to refer to the [[Indigenous peoples|aboriginal]] peoples of these areas.<ref name=WECDL></ref>
==History ==
According to John Samuel, as per legendary and historical records, the Bhil tribals controlled large parts of [[Gujarat]] from 11th to 15th century before the [[Rajput]]s conquered the territories from these locals.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Samuel |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q2RuAAAAMAAJ&q=Bhil+chief |title=Struggle for Survival: A Resource Book on the Status and Rights of the Adivasi Communities in India |date=2002 |publisher=National Centre for Advocacy Studies |language=en}}</ref>
=== Bhil Rebellion ===
The Bhils of what is now the state of Gujarat rebelled on several occasions during the [[Colonial India|British colonial era]], notably in 1846, 1857–58 and 1868.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ETStkm6TcwcC&pg=PA124|title=Law Enforcement in Tribal Areas |first=S. K. |last=Ghosh |publisher=Ashish Publishing House |year=1987 |page=124|isbn=9788170241003 }}</ref>
Along with a number of other Indian social groups, the Bhils were designated as a [[Criminal Tribes|criminal tribe]] by the [[British Raj|British colonial government]] under the [[Criminal Tribes Act|Criminal Tribes Act 1871]], which meant that a Bhil could be "randomly picked up, tortured, maimed or even killed" by the colonial authorities. Susan Abraham notes that many of the tribes characterized as criminal under the Act had earlier rebelled against the [[East India Company]] and participated in the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]. She claims that the British colonial government legislated the Act in 1871 in the wake of these autochthonic tribes' proclivity for rebellion.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]] |volume=34 |number=27 |date=July 1999 |pages=1751–1753 |publisher=Economic and Political Weekly |title=Steal or I'll Call You a Thief: 'Criminal' Tribes of India |first=Susan |last=Abraham |jstor=4408149}}</ref>
===Mutiny against Mewar State===
[[File:Bhil Women.jpg|thumb|Bhil Women]]
According to [[Ram Pande]], in 1881, the Bhils protested against "the census classification, prohibition on alcohol manufacture, establishment of police and customs, and the ban on the [[Witch hunts in India|killing of witches]]". Their campaigning was stepped up and given meaning by Govind Guru who was a social and political leader. Pande suggests that because of his long-term [[Brahminical Hinduism]] missionary work among the tribe, Govind was able to stop them consuming meat and alcohol, and to pressurize the state for the formation of village councils which could administer their own affairs and for barring forced labor. In 1917, [[Mewar State]]'s [[Girasia]]s joined the Bhils in the struggle to get the petty taxes and forced labour quashed, and to get the land revenues decreased. Taking note of these protests, the ''[[jagirdar]]s'' of Mewar had called on a British political agent to suppress the mutiny. Pande noted that 1,500 Bhils got shot in 1908. In 1921, the tribals and peasants united under the leadership of [[Motilal Tejawat]] in the struggle against "forced labour, petty taxes, the disparity in taxes, high taxes and the tyrannical ways of the ''jagirdars''". Tejawat's thoughts drew followers from the Bhils and [[Girasias]] of the [[Danta State|Danta]], [[Idar State|Idar]], [[Palanpur State|Palanpur]] and [[Sirohi State|Sirohi]] regions of Gujarat; and he "became a notorious offender against the [[State (polity)|state]]".<ref>{{cite book |title=Identity, Gender, and Poverty: New Perspectives on Caste and Tribe in Rajasthan |edition=illustrated |year=1997 |page=240 |publisher=[[Berghahn Books|Berghahn]] |place=Oxford; Providence |chapter=Class Resistance and Identity |first=Maya |last=Unnithan-Kumar |isbn=978-1571819185 |oclc=1043247151 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b9ktWLud0oIC&pg=PA240}}</ref>
== Demographics ==
The Bhils are inhabitants of [[Dhar]], [[Jhabua]], [[Khargone]] and [[Ratlam]] districts of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. [[Bhilai]] (Bhil= Tribe, Aai= Came, meaning Bhils came), a city in [[Durg district]] of [[Chhattisgarh]] is named after this.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}} A large number of Bhils live in the neighbouring states of [[Maharashtra]], [[Gujarat]] and [[Rajasthan]]. In Bengal, the [[Bauri (caste)|Bauris]] represent the Bhil tribe.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Goutam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nSUhEAAAQBAJ&dq=Bauris+Bhil&pg=PA270 |title=Know Your State West Bengal |last2=Pattrea |first2=Madhumita |date=2020-12-07 |publisher=Arihant Publications India limited |isbn=978-93-252-9222-2 |language=en}}</ref>{{bsn|date=June 2024}} They constitute the largest [[tribe]] of [[India]].  According to Victoria R. Williams, the Bhils are India's "most widely dispersed tribal group". A small population of Bhils also resides in Pakistan's [[Sindh]] province, who are known as the [[Sindhi Bhils]].<ref name="VRW"/>
== Present circumstances ==
The Bhil are classified as a [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|Scheduled Tribe]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Gujarat]], [[Karnataka]], [[Madhya Pradesh]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/mp/news/amit-shah-in-bhopal-tomorrow-focus-on-tribal-in-home-ministers-second-consecutive-visit-to-mp-know-the-reason-129696179.html|title=MP के दूसरे दौरे में भी ट्राइबल पर फोकस; जानिए BJP के लिए आदिवासी क्यों जरूरी|accessdate=22 April 2022}}</ref> [[Maharashtra]], Rajasthan and [[Tripura]] under the [[Reservation in India|Indian government's reservation program]] of [[positive discrimination]].<ref name=list/>
== Subdivisions ==
The Bhil are divided into a number of endogamous territorial divisions, which in turn have a number of clans and lineages. In [[Rajasthan]], they exist as [[Bhil Garasia]], [[Dholi Bhil]], [[Dungri Bhil]], [[Dungri Garasia]], [[Mewasi Bhil]], [[Barda (tribe)|Barda]], [[Warli]], [[Bagdi]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bagdi |url=http://www.globalprayerdigest.org/issue/day/Bagdi-Bhil-People/&ved=2ahUKEwiY_diegvr5AhVeBbcAHczvAyo4ChAWegQIChAB&usg=AOvVaw1t2cEaPE8Vk8bMeVMpJquy |access-date=2022-09-04 |website=www.google.com}}</ref> [[Dhodia]], [[Billava|Bhillava or Billava]], Barela, Khotil, Dangchai,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&q=Bhil |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 |language=en}}</ref> Dangehi, [[Nirdhi Bhil]], [[Gamit]], [[Rawal Bhil]], [[Tadvi Bhil]], [[Bhagalia]], [[Bauris]], [[Bhilala]], [[Rathwa]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tilche |first=Alice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CM5gEAAAQBAJ&dq=Chhota+Udaipur+Bhil&pg=PA10 |title=Adivasi Art and Activism: Curation in a Nationalist Age |date=2022-02-19 |publisher=University of Washington Press |isbn=978-0-295-74972-3 |language=en}}</ref> [[Pawra]], [[Barda tribe|Barda]], [[Warli]], [[Nayak (caste)|Nayak]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fisher |first=R. J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T1B_AAAAMAAJ&q=Nayak+Subcaste+Bhil |title=If Rain Doesn't Come: An Anthropological Study of Drought and Human Ecology in Western Rajasthan |date=1997 |publisher=Manohar |isbn=978-81-7304-184-6 |language=en}}</ref> [[Nahals]], Mathvadi, Dorepis,<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rbUBAAAAYAAJ&dq=Bhil+rulers&pg=PA620 |title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Khandesh |date=1880 |publisher=Printed at the Government Central Press |language=en}}</ref> [[Dhanka]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Srivastava |first=Ashirbadi Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PAsfAAAAIAAJ&q=%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE |title=The Sultanate of Delhi, 711-1526 A.D.: Including the Arab Invasion of Sindh, Hindu Rule in Afghanistan and Causes of the Defeat of the Hindus in Early Medieval Age |date=1966 |publisher=Shiva Lal Agarwala |language=en}}</ref> [[Vasava]] and [[Vasave]].<ref name="census2001">{{cite web|publisher=Census of India: Government of India |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/scst_main.html |date=7 March 2007 |title=List of Scheduled Tribes |access-date=27 November 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605042409/http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/scst_main.html |archive-date=5 June 2010 }}</ref>{{efn|The [[Vasava]] and [[Vasave]] in [[Rajasthan]] may be alternate transliterations of the name for a single community. The sources are unclear regarding this.}}
== Language ==
[[File:A partial specimen of the Bhili Language.png|thumb|150px|Partial specimen of the Bhili language]]
The language commonly spoken by Bhils throughout their geographic distribution is [[Bhili language|Bhili]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hoQqpkfrXfAC&q=bhil+language|title=Ethnographic Atlas of Indian Tribes|last=Mehta|first=Sonu|publisher=Discovery Publishing House|year=2004|isbn=9788171418527|editor-last=Mehta|editor-first=Prakash Chandra|location=New Delhi|pages=191|chapter=Bhils - I}}</ref> Bhili has about up to 36 identified dialects and pronunciation differs by region.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite thesis|url=http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/14048|title=Dialect Continuum in the Bhil Tribal Belt: Grammatical Aspects|last=Phillips|first=Maxwell P.|publisher=University of London|year=2012|pages=23|type=phd}}</ref> Bhili is based on Gujarati, but dialects of Bhili gradually merge into more widely spoken languages such as Marathi in the southeast and Rajasthani in the northwest. Around 10 million people recorded themselves as speaking a Bhili dialect in the census.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tcTz54VVHF4C|title=Being Tribal|last=Ratnagar|first=Shereen|publisher=Primus Books|year=2010|isbn=9789380607023|location=Delhi}}</ref>
Estimates of individuals speaking the language are often inaccurate as speakers of minor languages like Bhili have sometimes been treated as having major languages (such as Marathi or Gujarati) as their mother tongue.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.96184|title=Census of India 1951|year=1954|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.96184/page/n69 61]|chapter=Paper No. I - Languages}}</ref>
The Bhils in Sindh speak [[Sindhi Bhili]] and [[Dhatki language|Dhatki]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalrecordings.net/en/language/16736 | title=Sindhi Bhil: Sindhi Meghwar language }}</ref>
== Culture and Traditions ==
Bhils have a rich and unique culture. The Bhilala sub-division is known for its [[Pithora (painting)|Pithora painting]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Pachauri|first1=Swasti|title=Pithora art depicts different hues of tribal life|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/pithora-art-depicts-different-hues-of-tribal-life/|access-date=13 February 2015|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=26 June 2014}}</ref> [[Ghoomar]] is a traditional [[folk dance]] of the Bhil tribe.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Inquisitive Social Sciences|last=Kumar|first=Ashok Kiran|publisher=S. Chand Publishing|year=2014|isbn=9789352831098|location=Republic of India|pages=93}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Native People of The World|last=Danver|first=Steven L.|publisher=Routledge|date=June 28, 2014|isbn=978-0765682949|location=United States of America|pages=522}}</ref> Ghoomar is the symbol of womanhood. Young girls take part in this dance and declare that they are stepping into the shoes of women.
=== Art ===
Bhil painting is characterised by the use of multi-coloured dots as in-filling. [[Bhuri Bai]] was the first Bhil artist to paint using readymade colours and paper. Other known Bhil artists include [[Lado bai|Lado Bai]], Sher Singh, Ram Singh and Dubu Bariya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.artisera.com/blogs/expressions/bhil-art-how-a-tribe-uses-dots-to-make-their-story-come-alive|title=Bhil Art - How A Tribe Uses Dots To Make Their Story Come Alive|website=Artisera|access-date=2019-03-18}}</ref>
=== Food ===
Main foods of Bhils are [[maize]], [[onion]], [[garlic]] and [[Chili pepper|chili]] which they cultivate in their small fields. They collect fruits and vegetables from the local forests. [[Wheat]] and [[rice]] are used at time of festivals and other special occasions only. They keep self-made bows and arrows, swords, knives, axes etc. with them as weapons for self-defense and hunting the wild fauna which also form the major part of their diet. They profusely use alcohol distilled by them from the flower of Mahua ([[Madhuca longifolia]]). On festive occasions, various special preparation from the dish rich, i.e. maize, wheat, barley, malt and rice. Bhils are traditionally non-vegetarian.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UjhLDwAAQBAJ&q=Bhil+people+history&pg=PA4|title=Ethnobotany of Bhil Tribe|isbn=9789387307360|last1=Singh|first1=V. P.|last2=Jadhav|first2=Dinesh|date=January 2011|publisher=Scientific Publishers }}</ref>
===Dress===
[[File:Bhil woman circa 1914.jpg|thumb|150px|A Bhil woman in gala dress]]
The traditional dresses of men are the [[Pagri (turban)|Pagri]], [[Angarkha]], [[Dhoti]] and [[Gamchha]]. Traditionally women wear [[Sari]] and [[Ghagra Choli]].
There are many traditional ornaments of Bhils. Men wear [[Kara (jewellery)|Kada]], Bajuband, Chain, ear rings, Kardhani. Women wear variety of ornaments such as hansli (ring) Zele-zumke, earring in Bhil language, narniyan{{which lang|date=July 2020}} (bangle), nathni (nose-jewel) etc. [[Tattooing]] is traditional custom among them. Women folks do tattooing generally before marriage.<ref name=":0" />
===Faith and worship===
Every village has its own local deity ([[Gramadevata|Gramdev]]) and families too have their Jatidev, [[Kuladevata|Kuldev]] and Kuldevi (house hold deity) which is symbolised by stones. 'Bhati dev' and 'Bhilat dev' are their serpent-god. 'Baba dev' is their village god. Karkulia dev is their crop god, Gopal dev is their pastoral god, Bag dev is their Lion god, Bhairav dev is their dog god. Some of their other gods are Indel dev, Bada dev, Mahadevel, Tejaji, Lotha mai, Techma, Orka Chichma and Kajal dev.
They have extreme and staunch faith in superstitious beliefs and [[Bhopa]]s for their physical, mental and psychological treatments.<ref name=":0" />
* Bhensasaur - Bhil people worship buffalo as Bhensasaur <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wr4MAAAAIAAJ&q=Bhil&pg=PA571 |title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency ... |date=1901 |publisher=Printed at the Government Central Press |language=en}}</ref>
According to Victoria R. Williams, the Bhils "identify largely as Hindu". The Dang Bhils follow Christianity, and the [[Nirdhi Bhil|Nirdhi]] and [[Tadvi Bhil|Tadivi]] Bhils follow [[Islam]]. A number of other Bhils follow Sonatan (Sanskrit: [[Sanātana Dharma|Sanatan]]) which is their "own religion". Williams states that Sonatan "blends Hindu beliefs and [[Animism|animistic philosophies]]".<ref name="VRW">{{cite book |title=Indigenous Peoples: An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival [4 Volumes] |edition=illustrated |year=2020 |page=179 |publisher=[[ABC-Clio]] |place=Santa Barbara, California |entry=Bhil |first=Victoria R. |last=Williams |isbn=978-1440861185 |oclc=1107833866 |entry-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3_zRDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA179}}</ref>
===Festivals===
There are a number of festivals, viz. [[Raksha Bandhan|Rakhi]], [[Navratri]], [[Dashera]], [[Diwali]], [[Holi]] which are
celebrated by the Bhils. They also celebrate some traditional festivals viz. [[Akshaya Tritiya|Akhatij]], Navmi, Howan Mata ki Chalavani, Sawan Mata ki jatar, Diwasa, Nawai, Bhagoria, Gal, Gar, Dhobi, Sanja, Indel, Doha etc. with ceremonious zeal and enthusiasm.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}
During some festivals there are a number of tribal fairs held at different places of districts. Navratri mela, [[Bhagoria Festival|Bhagoria]] mela (during Holi festival) etc.<ref name=":0" /> Bhil community of [[Udaipur]] celebrate [[Gavari]] festival  each year after Holi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://mediaindia.eu/tv-video/gavari-a-tribal-dance-drama-by-the-bheel-community-of-udaipur/|title=GAVARI: A tribal dance drama by the Bhil community of Udaipur|website=mediaindia.eu|access-date=4 September 2019}}</ref>
=== Types of Dance and Festivies===
[[File:Bhil Dance Rajasthan.jpg|thumb|A performance by Bhil dancers in Delhi]]
The chief means of their recreation is folk songs and dances. Women dance at birth celebrations, marriage functions and on a few festivals in traditional Bhili style accompanied by a drum beat. Their dances include the Lathi (staff) dance, Dhol dance, marriage dance, Holi dance, Battle dance, Bhagoria dance, Deepawal dance, Sajoni dance and hunting dance. Musical instruments include the [[Harmonium]], [[Sarangi]], Kundi, [[Bansuri]], Apang, Khajria, [[Tabla]], [[Cymbal|Jhanjh]], [[Madal|Mandal]] and Thali. They are usually made from local products.<ref name=":0" />
=== Local political structure ===
Traditional each Bhil village is led by a headman (''gameti''). The ''gameti'' has authority and decision-making powers over most local disputes or issues.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Human: The Definitive Visual Guide|publisher=[[Dorling Kindersley]]|year=2004|isbn=0-7566-0520-2|editor-last=Winston|editor-first=Robert|location=New York|pages=439}}</ref>
==Bhil Pradesh Demand==
There has been a demand for the establishment of a separate state of Bhil Pradesh by combining the tribal-dominated parts of Gujarat and neighbouring states [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Rajasthan]], and [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-25 |title=Explained: Why are tribals of Rajasthan and Gujarat demanding a separate state of Bhil Pradesh? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/why-are-tribals-of-rajasthan-and-gujarat-demanding-separate-state-of-bhil-pradesh-7936036/ |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> In 2014, when the  [[Telangana]] state was formed, it reignited hopes of statehood again.<ref name="dnaindia.com">{{cite web |date=1 August 2013 |title=Clamour for separate Saurashtra, Bhilistan to get louder – Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/ahmedabad/report-clamour-for-separate-saurashtra-bhilistan-to-get-louder-1868566 |access-date=6 April 2023}}</ref> In 2023, [[Aam Aadmi Party, Gujarat|Aam Aadmi Party]] (AAP) MLA leader [[Chaitar Vasava]] raised demand for separate state of Bhil Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gujarat AAP MLA demands separate state of 'Bhil Pradesh' for tribals |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/gujarat-aap-mla-demands-separate-state-of-bhil-pradesh-for-tribals-2355816-2023-04-04 |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=India Today |date=4 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
==Notable people==
=== Artist ===
*[[Bhuri Bai]], Artist<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.saffronart.com/artists/bhuri-bai|title=Bhuri Bai {{!}} Paintings by Bhuri Bai {{!}} Bhuri Bai Painting - Saffronart.com|website=Saffronart}}</ref>
*[[Lado Bai]], Artist<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bhilart.com/lado-bai/|title=Lado Bai|website=Bhil Art}}</ref>
=== Freedom fighter ===
*[[Tantia Bhīl]], freedom fighter<ref name="GuptāBeniwal2007">{{cite book|author1=Ramaṇikā Guptā|author2=Anup Beniwal|title=Tribal Contemporary Issues: Appraisal and Intervention|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-hFGgLdn6KsC&pg=PA18|date=1 January 2007|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-475-2|pages=18–}}</ref>
*[[Bhima Nayak]], Freedom fighter
*
*
*
=== Politician ===
*[[Chhotubhai Vasava]], Politician<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-ahmed-patel-saviour-chhotubhai-vasava-puts-congress-in-bind-2560314|title=Ahmed Patel saviour Chhotubhai Vasava puts Congress in bind|website=dnaindia}}</ref>
*[[Rajkumar Roat]], Politician
=== Players ===
*[[Nitin Bhille]] - Cricket player
*Dinesh Bhil - Archer <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-02 |title=Champion archer Dinesh Bhil to train civil services officers |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/champion-archer-dinesh-bhil-to-train-civil-services-officers-6664229/ |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[Bhilala]]
* [[Rathwa]]
* [[Mewar Bhil Corps]]
* [[India tribal belt]]
== References ==
'''Notes'''
{{Notelist}}
'''Citations'''
{{Reflist|30em}}
== Further reading ==
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EjORKo7maRUC&pg=PA168 |title=The Structure of Indian Society: Then and Now |last=Shah |first=Arvind M. |author-link=Arvind Shah |year=2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-13619-770-3}}
== External links ==
{{Sister project links|auto=yes}}
* [https://www.gkmirror.in/2020/08/history-of-bhil-tribe-in-india.html History of Bhil Tribe in India - भील जनजाति का इतिहास]
*{{citation | url = http://www.folkpaintingsindia.com/ | title = Gond & Bhil Tribal Art — Madhya Pradesh | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150622220138/http://www.folkpaintingsindia.com/ | archive-date = 22 June 2015 | df = dmy-all }}.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20191216023016/https://www.nativeplanet.org/indigenous/cultures/india/bishnoi/bishnoi.shtml The desert dwellers of Rajasthan: Bishnoi and Bhil peoples (essay)]
*[http://www.rajasthan-tourism-guide.com/bhils-tribe-in-rajasthan.html Bhil Tribe In Rajasthan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011021415/http://www.rajasthan-tourism-guide.com/bhils-tribe-in-rajasthan.html |date=11 October 2012 }}
* [http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0127655 Genetic Affinity of the Bhil, Kol and Gond Mentioned in Epic Ramayana]
{{Bhil Clans}}{{Social groups of Rajasthan}}{{Social groups of Maharashtra}}{{Scheduled tribes of India}}
{{Scheduled Tribes in Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Hill tribes of Northeast India}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Bhil| ]]
[[Category:Hindu ethnic groups]]
[[Category:Sindhi tribes]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Tripura]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Indo-Aryan peoples]]
[[Category:Hindu communities]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in South Asia]]