View source for Bloody Assize of 1814

{{Redirect|Bloody Assize|the English trials following the Monmouth Rebellion|Bloody Assizes}}
The '''Bloody Assize''' in [[Upper Canada]] was a series of trials held at [[Ancaster, Ontario|Ancaster]] during the [[War of 1812]]. The trials resulted in treason convictions and subsequent execution of Upper Canada residents who were found to have violently aided the enemy.
==History==
During the war, a number of settlers from the [[Niagara District, Upper Canada|Niagara]] and [[London District, Upper Canada|London District]]s took up arms against their neighbours in aid of American raiders.<ref name="Friedland1975">Martin L. Friedland. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Uvs2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT162 Courts and Trials: A Multidisciplinary Approach]''. University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division; 15 December 1975. {{ISBN|978-1-4875-9728-3}}. p. 162–.</ref> Many were American born and later fled to the [[United States]].<ref name="SanfordCarstens2011">''[https://books.google.com/books?id=uybAm7NaF5YC&pg=PA89 Searching for the Forgotten War - 1812 Canada]''. Xlibris Corporation; 15 February 2011. {{ISBN|978-1-4535-8892-5}}. p. 89–.</ref>
In 1813, several groups were taken prisoner. In 1814, nineteen people were charged with [[high treason]] and charges were also filed against a number of persons then living outside Canada.<ref name="HeidlerHeidler2007">''[https://books.google.com/books?id=lJy1_faYLp0C&pg=PA106 Daily Lives of Civilians in Wartime Early America: From the Colonial Era to the Civil War]''. Greenwood Publishing Group; 2007. {{ISBN|978-0-313-33526-6}}. p. 106–.</ref> In May of that year, a special court was established at Ancaster and a series of trials were held in June. The judges presiding over these trials were Chief Justice [[Thomas Scott (Canadian judge)|Thomas Scott]], Justice [[William Dummer Powell]], and Justice [[William Campbell (jurist)|William Campbell]]. The prosecutor was the attorney general for the province, [[John Beverley Robinson (Upper Canada politician)|John Beverley Robinson]].
Fifteen men were convicted and sentenced to death.<ref name="Perkins1989">Mary Ellen Perkins. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=i2kOISGF9WQC&pg=PA83 Discover Your Heritage: A Guide to Provincial Plaques in Ontario]''. Dundurn; 30 June 1989. {{ISBN|978-1-4597-1385-7}}. p. 83–.</ref> Eight were hanged at the [[Burlington Heights (Ontario)|Burlington Heights]] British military camp on July 20, 1814 and their heads chopped off and displayed on poles. Their heads were later paraded across the local villages.<ref>[http://www.thespec.com/news-story/2243205-bloody-assize-revisited/ "Bloody Assize revisited"]. ''Hamilton Spectator'', May 17, 2012 by Mark McNeil </ref>  The bodies were buried in an unmarked grave close to the gallows.  Seven others were banished. Of those, three died of [[typhus]] while still in captivity and one escaped and was not recaptured.
The eight executed were Aaron Stevens, Adam Crysler, Dayton Lindsey, Noah Payne Hopkins, George Peacock, Jr., Isaiah Brink, Benjamin Simmons and John Dunham. The majority of the men had been captured at the [[Battle of Nanticoke Creek]]. Their possessions were confiscated.<ref>''Vol. XX. Records and Papers of Canadian Historical Society'' {{cite web |url=https://www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/on-line-exhibits/1812/loyalty.aspx |title=Archives of Ontario The War of 1812 - Loyalty and Treason |publisher=Archives.gov.on.ca |accessdate=2012-08-26 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120827051639/http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/on-line-exhibits/1812/loyalty.aspx |archivedate=2012-08-27 }}</ref> Others convicted included Jacob Overholser, Garrett Neil and Isaac Petit, who died of typhus.
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081017050336/http://www.ontarioplaques.com/Plaques_GHI/Plaque_Hamilton13.html Historical Plaque Photo]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071204033714/http://www.corvalliscommunitypages.com/Americas/hudsonbay_canada/ancaster_bloody_assize_of_1815.htm "Bloody Assize of 1814"] Corvallis Community Pages
*[https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ancaster-bloody-assize-of-1814 "Ancaster Bloody Assize of 1814"]. ''The Canadian Encyclopedia''.
[[Category:War of 1812]]
[[Category:1814 in Upper Canada]]