View source for Blue Book (Bryce and Toynbee book)

{{Infobox book|<!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Novels or Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books -->
| name              = The Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire
| title_orig        = The Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire: Documents presented to Viscount Grey of Fallodon
| translator        =
| image             = The Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, 1915-1916.png
| caption           =
| author            = [[Arnold Joseph Toynbee]]
| cover_artist      =
| country           = [[England]], UK
| language          = [[English language|English]]
| series            =
| subject           = [[History]]
| genre             =
| publisher         = Sir Joseph Causton and Sons Ltd.
| release_date      = 1916
| media_type        = Print ([[Hardcover]])
| pages             = 742
| isbn              =
| preceded_by       = <!-- Preceding novel in series -->
| followed_by       = <!-- Following novel in series -->
| pub_date          = 1916
| external_url      = https://archive.org/details/treatmentofarmen00toyn
}}
The '''Blue Book''', officially titled '''''The Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire 1915-1916''''', was an official report commissioned by the British Parliament and presented in 1916 by [[James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce|Viscount Bryce]] and [[Arnold J. Toynbee]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Toynbee |first=Arnold |url=http://archive.org/details/treatmentofarmen00toyn_0 |title=The treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, 1915-16 : documents presented to Viscount Grey of Fallodon, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, by Viscount Bryce |last2=Bryce |first2=James Bryce |last3=Great Britain. Foreign Office |date=1916 |publisher=London : H.M. Stationery Off., Printed by Sir Joseph Causton and Sons |others=Boston Public Library}}</ref> The 742-page volume is a compilation of over 100 sources that [[Witnesses and testimonies of the Armenian genocide|chronicled]] the early period of the [[Armenian genocide]] and the [[Assyrian genocide]] in the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref>''The Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, 1915-1916: Documents Presented to Viscount Grey of Falloden by Viscount Bryce, James Bryce and Arnold Toynbee, Uncensored Edition''. Ara Sarafian (ed.) Princeton, N.J.: [[Gomidas Institute]], 2000. {{ISBN|0-9535191-5-5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tusan |first=Michelle |date=2015 |title=James Bryce’s Blue Book as Evidence |url=https://levantine-journal.org/product/%ef%bb%bfjames-bryces-blue-book-as-evidence/ |journal=Journal of Levantine Studies |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=33-50 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922063635/https://levantine-journal.org/product/%EF%BB%BFjames-bryces-blue-book-as-evidence/ |archive-date=2021-09-22 |access-date=2022-08-13}}</ref>
== Contents ==
Commissioned by the British Government and issued as an official Parliamentary "[[British Blue Book|Blue Book]]" report in October 1916, the volume is divided regionally into twenty sections, each of which contains multiple eyewitness and secondhand reports, dispatches, news articles, and letters. In total there were 149 documents and 15 appendixes.<ref>Michelle Tusan, "Crimes against Humanity": Human Rights, the British Empire, and the Origins of the Response to the Armenian Genocide, in American Historical Review, February 2014, page 57. [https://www.academia.edu/6369622/_Crimes_against_Humanity_Human_Rights_the_British_Empire_and_the_Origins_of_the_Response_to_the_Armenian_Genocide]</ref>
The publication presents Arnold J. Toynbee's analysis of the population in the [[Ottoman Empire]]. The presented table and map show the re-calculated values of the stated provinces using values where Armenians were the majority of the population, according to Toynbee's estimates. The book was subsequently published in 1916 by [[Hodder & Stoughton|Hodder and Stoughton]].
<gallery>
File:Arnold J. Toynbee Armenian statistics 1912.png|Ethnic values of [[Six vilayets]] according to presented data.
File:Six_Vilayets_ethnic_groups.png|Ethnic map of Six vilayets according to presented data.
</gallery>
== Reception ==
Although the book has been criticized by some [[Armenian genocide denial|Turkish denialists]] as [[propaganda]] to build up support for the [[World War I|war]],<ref name=atam>{{cite web|url=http://www.atam.gov.tr/dergi/sayi-53/arnold-j-toynbee-ve-james-brycenin-hazirladigi-treatment-of-the-armenians-in-the-ottoman-empire-1915-1916-adli-kitap-uzerine |title=Arnold J. Toynbee ve James Bryce’nin Hazırladığı "Treatment of the Armenians in the Ottoman |publisher= Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi |quote=Arnold J. Toynbee 1915 Çanakkale ve 1921′de I. ve II. İnönü Savaşlarına savaş muhabiri olarak katılmıştır. İngiltere Dışişleri Bakanlığı adına da görev yapmıştır. PRO. W. O. 104 serisi incelendiği zaman bu görülecektir. Kendisi mutaassıp bir Hıristiyan olarak tanınır.}}</ref> Bryce submitted the work to scholars for verification before its publication. [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] professor [[Gilbert Murray]] stated of the tome, "...the evidence of these letters and reports will bear any scrutiny and overpower any skepticism. Their genuineness is established beyond question."<ref>Dadrian. ''History of the Armenian Genocide'', p. 228.</ref> Other professors, including [[H. A. L. Fisher|Herbert Fisher]] of [[Sheffield University]] and former [[American Bar Association]] president [[Moorfield Storey]], affirmed the same conclusion.<ref>Dadrian. ''History of the Armenian Genocide'', pp. 228–9.</ref>
In 2005, the [[Turkish National Assembly]] demanded an apology for the publication of the book.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Anderson |first1=Margaret Lavinia |title=Genocide of Armenians: Through Swedish EyesThe Armenian Genocide: Evidence from the German Foreign Office Archives, 1915–1916 |journal=Holocaust and Genocide Studies |date=2015 |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=483–488 [485] |doi=10.1093/hgs/dcv051}}</ref>
==See also==
*''[[The Blue Book, Political Truth or Historical Fact]]'', a 2009 documentary film in support of the authenticity of the report
*[[Armenians in the Ottoman Empire]]
*[[Press coverage during the Armenian Genocide]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
*{{cite journal |last1=Monger |first1=David |title=Networking against Genocide during the First World War: the international network behind the British Parliamentary report on the Armenian Genocide |journal=Journal of Transatlantic Studies |date=2018 |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=295–316 |doi=10.1080/14794012.2018.1482714}}
==Online copy==
* [[iarchive:treatmentofarmen00toyn_0/|Online copy of entire report]] on [[Archive.org]]
{{Works about the Armenian Genocide}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, The}}
[[Category:Books about the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:Non-fiction books about the Armenian genocide]]