View source for Boogie

{{Short description|Musical style}}
{{About|the musical technique or rhythm|the genre|Boogie (genre)|other uses|Boogie (disambiguation)}}
{{Distinguish|Bogie|Bogey (disambiguation){{!}}Bogey}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
[[File:Blues shuffle in E.png|thumb|right|300px|Blues shuffle or boogie played on guitar in E major<ref>Wilbur M. Savidge, Randy L. Vradenburg, ''Everything About Playing the Blues'', 2002, Music Sales Distributed, {{ISBN|1-884848-09-5}}, pg. 35</ref> ({{audio|Blues shuffle in E.mid|Play}}).]]
'''Boogie''' is a [[repetition (music)|repetitive]], [[swung note|swung note or shuffle rhythm]],<ref name="Burrows">Burrows, Terry (1995). ''Play Country Guitar'', p.42. Dorling Kindersley Limited, London. {{ISBN|0-7894-0190-8}}.</ref> [[groove (music)|"groove"]] or pattern used in [[blues]] which was originally played on the [[piano]] in [[boogie-woogie (music)|boogie-woogie music]]. The characteristic [[rhythm]] and feel of the boogie was then adapted to [[guitar]], [[double bass]], and other instruments. The earliest recorded boogie-woogie song was in 1916.{{Citation needed|date=April 2016|reason=Which song? by whom? Kind of crucial}} By the 1930s, [[Swing music|Swing]] bands such as [[Benny Goodman]], [[Glenn Miller]], [[Tommy Dorsey]] and [[Louis Jordan]] all had boogie hits. By the 1950s, boogie became incorporated into the emerging [[rockabilly]] and [[rock and roll]] styles. In the late 1980s and the early 1990s country bands released country boogies. Today, the term "boogie" usually refers to dancing to pop, disco, or rock music.
==History==
The boogie was originally played on the piano in boogie-woogie music and adapted to [[guitar]]. Boogie-woogie is a style of blues piano playing characterized by an up-tempo rhythm, a repeated melodic pattern in the bass, and a series of improvised variations in the treble.<ref name="Free">The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition copyright 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company, Updated in 2009, and Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003 CITED IN [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/boogie-woogie "Boogie-Woogie"], ''FreeDictionary.com''.</ref> Boogie woogie developed from a piano style that developed in the rough [[Juke joint|barrelhouse]] bars in the Southern states, where a piano player performed for the hard-drinking patrons.
The origin of the term ''boogie-woogie'' is unknown, according to ''[[Webster's Dictionary|Webster's Third New International Dictionary]]''.  The ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' states that the word is a redoubling of ''boogie'', which was used for [[rent party|rent parties]] as early as 1913.<ref name="Gale Academic OneFile">{{cite journal |last1=Mathews |first1=Burgin |title="'When I say get it': a brief history of the boogie." |journal=Southern Cultures |date=Fall 2009 |volume=15 |issue=3 |page=24 |doi=10.1353/scu.0.0073 |s2cid=159659886 |url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A207350475/AONE?u=mlin_b_bumml&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=f16fe02a |access-date=3 October 2021}}</ref> The term may be derived from Black West African English, from the Sierra Leone term "bogi", which means "to dance"; as well, it may be akin to the phrase "hausa buga", which means "to beat drums".<ref name="Free" /><ref name="Gale Academic OneFile"/> In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the term "could mean anything from a racy style of dance to a raucous party or to a sexually transmitted disease."<ref>Cavalieri, Nate. [http://www.boogiebob.com/Articles/metrotimesstory.asp.htm "Boogie Knight"], ''Metro Times Detroit''. 18 December 2002 8:00:00 AM.</ref><ref name="Gale Academic OneFile"/> In Peter Silvester's book on boogie woogie, ''Left Hand Like God – the Story of Boogie Woogie'' he states that, in 1929, "boogie-woogie is used to mean either dancing or music in the city of Detroit".<ref>Silvester, Peter (1989). ''A Left Hand Like God: A History of Boogie-Woogie Piano''. {{ISBN|0-306-80359-3}}.</ref>
Boogie hit the charts with [[Pine Top Smith]]'s ''Pine Top's Boogie'' in 1929, which garnered the number 20 spot. In the late 1930s, boogie became part of the then popular Swing style, as big bands such as "Glenn Miller, Tommy Dorsey, and Louis Jordan...all had boogie hits." Swing big band audiences expected to hear boogie tunes, because the beat could be used for the then-popular dances such as the [[jitterbug]] and the [[Lindy Hop]]. As well, country artists began playing boogie woogie in the late 1930s, when [[Johnny Barfield]] recorded "Boogie Woogie".
The [[Delmore Brothers]] "Freight Train Boogie" shows how country music and blues were being blended to form the genre which would become known as [[rockabilly]]. The [[Sun Records]]-era [[rockabilly]] sound used "wild country boogie piano" as part of its sound.<ref>Hoffmann, Frank. [http://www.shsu.edu/~lis_fwh/book/classic_rock_n_roll/Rockabilly2.htm "Rockabilly"], ''Survey of American Popular Music'', modified for the web by Robert Birkline.</ref>
By the early 1950s, boogie became less popular, but the new rock and roll sometimes incorporated its patterns.<ref name="Birnbaum">{{Cite book| last = Birnbaum| first = Larry| title = Before Elvis: The Prehistory of Rock 'n' Roll| year = 2012| location = Lanham, Massachusetts| publisher = [[Scarecrow Press]]| isbn = 978-0-8108-8629-2| pages = 120–121}}</ref> In the 1960s, a new form, [[boogie rock]], emerged.<ref name="Birnbaum"/> However, it did not rely on the same patterns as the earlier styles.<ref name="Birnbaum"/> By the mid-1970s, the meaning of the term returned to its roots, in a certain sense, as during the [[disco]] era, "to boogie" meant "to dance in a disco style" with one hit song in particular sung by the Euro disco group [[Silver Convention]], "[[Get Up and Boogie (song)|Get Up and Boogie]]".{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}}
==Usage==
The boogie groove is often used in [[rock and roll]] and [[country music]]. A simple [[rhythm guitar]] or [[accompaniment]] boogie pattern, sometimes called '''country boogie''', is as follows:<ref name="Burrows"/>
[[File:Country boogie G V.PNG|400px|simple rhythm guitar boogie pattern on a D major chord]]
The "B" and "C" notes are played by stretching the fourth finger from the "A" two and three [[fret]]s up to "B" and "C" respectively on the same string.  This pattern is an elaboration or [[ornament (music)|decoration]] of the chord or [[Level (music)|level]] and is the same on all the [[primary triad]]s (I, IV, V), although the [[dominant (music)|dominant]], or any chord, may include the [[minor seventh|seventh]] on the third [[beat (music)|beat]]<ref name="Burrows"/> (see also, [[degree (music)]]).
{{listen |
| filename = Boogie_riff_1.ogg
| title = "Rhythm Boogie"
| description = A basic boogie rhythm riff (0:19; Ogg Vorbis, 154 KB)}}
A simple [[lead guitar]] boogie pattern is as follows:<ref name="Burrows43">Burrows (1995), p.43.</ref>
[[File:Country boogie G Lead.PNG|400px|simple lead guitar boogie pattern on a G major chord]]
{{listen |
| filename = Boogie_lead_riff.ogg
| title = "Lead Boogie"
| description = A basic boogie lead riff (0:15; Ogg Vorbis, 134 KB)}}
Boogie patterns are played with a [[Swung note|swing]] or [[Shuffle note|shuffle]] rhythm and generally follow the "one finger per fret" rule, where, as in the case directly above, if the third finger always covers the notes on the third fret, the second finger going only on the second fret, etc.<ref name="Burrows43"/>
The swung notes or shuffle note are a [[rhythm]]ic device in which the duration of the initial [[Musical note|note]] in a pair is [[augmentation (music)|augmented]] and that of the second is [[diminution|diminished]]. Also known as "[[notes inégales]]", swung notes are widely used in [[jazz]] music and other jazz-influenced music such as [[blues]] and [[Western swing]]. A swing or shuffle rhythm is the [[rhythm]] produced by playing repeated pairs of notes in this way.
==See also==
* [[Boogie-woogie]]
* [[Boogie rock]]
==References==
<references/>
{{Street dance}}
[[Category:Blues]]
[[Category:1970s slang]]
[[Category:Rhythm and meter]]
[[Category:Slang]]