View source for Bréguet 1150 Atlantic

{{Short description|1961 maritime patrol aircraft family}}
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{{Infobox aircraft
|name= Br.1150 Atlantic <br /> Atlantique 2
|image= File:Breguet 1150 Atlantic, France - Navy AN1221336.jpg
|caption= Breguet Atlantic of the [[French Navy]]
|type=[[Maritime patrol aircraft]]
|manufacturer=[[Breguet Aviation]]
|designer=
|first_flight=21 October 1961
|introduction=1965
|retired=
|status= Active service
|primary_user= [[French Navy]]
|more_users= [[German Navy]] <br /> [[Italian Air Force]] <br /> [[Royal Netherlands Navy]]
|produced=1961–1987
|number_built= 87 ''Atlantique'' 1<br />28 ''Atlantique'' 2
|unit cost= >$35 Million<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defencejournal.com/nov99/naval.htm |title=Shahadat by the Naval Aircrew
|work=Defence Journal of Pakistan |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061014045036/http://www.defencejournal.com/nov99/naval.htm |archive-date=14 October 2006 }} with reference to its downing in the [[Atlantique incident]]</ref>
|variants=
}}
The '''Breguet Br.1150 Atlantic''' is a long-range [[maritime patrol aircraft]] designed and manufactured by French aircraft manufacturer [[Breguet Aviation]].
Designed in response to a 1958 [[NATO]] specification as a replacement for the [[Lockheed P-2 Neptune|Lockheed P2V Neptune]], Breguet's submission was declared the winner over several competing bids. To produce the Atlantic, a multinational consortium, ''Société d'Étude et de Construction de Breguet Atlantic'' (SECBAT), was established. During 1963, an initial order for 60 Atlantics{{spaced ndash}} 40 for France and 20 for Germany{{spaced ndash}} was received. Follow-on orders from export customers followed shortly thereafter. It was first introduced to operational service during 1965.
The Atlantic has been operated by a number of countries, commonly performing maritime roles such as [[Surveillance aircraft|reconnaissance]] and [[anti-submarine warfare]]. The Atlantic is also capable of carrying air-to-ground munitions to perform ground-attack missions; a small number of aircraft were also equipped to perform [[ELINT]] operations. An updated version, the '''Atlantique 2''' or '''ATL2''', was produced by [[Dassault Aviation]] for the [[French Navy]] in the 1980s. A further improved model, the '''Atlantique 3''', was proposed during the 1990s but ultimately unbuilt. Other operators of the Atlantic have included the [[German Navy]], the [[Italian Air Force]], the [[Pakistan Navy]], and the [[Royal Netherlands Navy]].
==Development==
In 1958, [[NATO]] produced a specification for a long-range maritime patrol aircraft to replace the [[Lockheed P-2 Neptune|Lockheed P2V Neptune]], with Breguet's design, the Br 1150, chosen as the winner of the competition at the end of the year. A multinational consortium, ''Société d'Étude et de Construction de Breguet Atlantic'' (SECBAT) was set up to develop and build the Atlantic.<ref name="New Atlantic p218,252">''Air International'' November 1981, pp. 218, 252.</ref><ref>Elvert, Schirmann and Lang 2008, p. 182.</ref> The first prototype made its maiden flight at [[Toulouse]] on 21 October 1961, with the second prototype flying on 25 February 1962, followed by two preproduction aircraft with a longer fuselage in February 1963 and September 1964.<ref name="New Atlantic p252">''Air International'' November 1981, p. 252.</ref>
[[File:Breguet Br.1150 No. 66 24F GC 07.07.73 edited-2.jpg|thumb|right|Atlantic of the French Navy in service with 24 Flotille in 1973]]
An initial order for 60 Atlantics{{spaced ndash}} 40 for France and 20 for Germany{{spaced ndash}} was placed in 1963, with deliveries starting in 1965 and continuing to 1968. The production line had shut down by the time the Netherlands placed an order for nine Atlantics and Italy ordered eighteen. Aircraft from this second production batch were delivered from 1972 to 1974.<ref name="New Atlantic p252-3">''Air International'' November 1981, pp. 252–253.</ref>
In 1978, the French Government authorised development of a new, updated version of the Atlantic, the ''Atlantic Nouvelle Génération'' (later known as the Atlantique 2 when orders from other nations did not occur). While the airframe and engines of the new aircraft changed little, equipment and avionics were considerably revised; these included new radar, a new sonar processor, a replacement tactical computer, and a [[forward-looking infrared]] camera turret installed under the nose. The ability to carry Exocet missiles was also added.<ref name="New Atlantique p216-8">''Air International'' November 1981, pp. 216–218.</ref><ref>[https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1981/1981%20-%202104.html "Maritime Muscle".] ''Flight International'', 27 June 1981. p. 2014.</ref> Two prototype Atlantique 2s were produced by converting existing Atlantics; the first of these made its maiden flight on 8 May 1981. Production of the Atlantique 2 was authorised on 24 May 1984.<ref name="Janes 88 p71-3"/> Deliveries started in 1989 with 28 eventually built, from an original requirement for 42.<ref name="Janes 93 p81-2">Lambert 1993, pp. 81–82.</ref><ref>Penny, Stewart. "[http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/1999/08/04/54719/military-aircraft-directory-part-1.html Military Aircraft Directory Part 1]". ''[[Flight International]]'', 4 August 1999.</ref>
By 2012, the Atlantique 2 had been rebranded as the ATL2, at which point France had a total of 22 in service.<ref name=Francebudget2012>{{Cite web | url=http://www.senat.fr/rap/a12-150-8/a12-150-815.html#toc290 | title=Projet de loi de finances pour 2013 : Défense : équipement des forces | language=fr | publisher=Senate of France | date=22 November 2012 | access-date=2013-11-07}}</ref> In 2012, 18 French Atlantiques were undergoing a series of upgrades to increase the type's effectiveness in two stages, Phase I addressing obsolescence issues and Phase II adding new capabilities.<ref name=Francebudget2012 /> Also in 2012, a separate project was conducted to integrate the [[MU90 Impact]] torpedo.<ref name=Francebudget2012 /> Aircraft that received these upgrades shall have an extended service life as well, enabling Atlantique operations to be extended to around 2032.<ref name = "daily 2013">[http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/17956-017956/ "France Upgrading its Atlantique Maritime Patrol Planes."] ''Defense Industry Daily'', 6 October 2013.</ref>
A further upgraded ''Atlantique 3'' was proposed for the [[Royal Air Force]]'s Replacement Maritime Patrol Aircraft (RMPA) competition, however it was withdrawn in 1996 following alleged hints from [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]] officials that the submission was unlikely to be successful; the competition later selected the [[BAE Systems Nimrod MRA4]] instead.<ref>Barrie, Douglas and Graham Warwick. [http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/something-old-something-new-something-borrowed-17019/ "Something old, something new, something borrowed&nbsp;..."] ''Flight International'', 15 May 1996.</ref> The Atlantique 3 would have featured various off-the-shelf avionics upgrades, including the adoption of a two-man [[glass cockpit]]. The use of uprated Allison AE2100H turboprop engines to drive new Dowty-built six-bladed composite propellers reportedly would have increased power by nearly 10% and reduced fuel consumption by 15%.<ref>{{cite book | title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft | publisher = Jane's Information Group | year=2002}}{{page needed|date=October 2015}}</ref> In late 1996, Dassault (which had merged with Breguet in the 1970s, thus acquiring the Atlantic design) intended to offer the Atlantique 3 to Germany, Italy, and France.<ref>[https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/dassault-aims-atlantic-at-european-mpa-tenders-12811/ "Dassault aims Atlantic at European MPA tenders."] ''Flight International'', 22 May 1996.</ref> By 2005, Dassault had abandoned marketing efforts on the Atlantique 3, choosing to promote a variant of the [[Dassault Falcon 900]] corporate jet as a maritime patrol aircraft instead.<ref name = "A3 term">[https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/dassault-offers-falcon-900-for-maritime-patrol-199947/ "Dassault offers Falcon 900 for maritime patrol."] ''Flight International'', 28 June 2005.</ref>
==Design==
[[File:De cockpit van een Breguet BR1150 Atlantic (SP-13A) maritiem patrouillevliegtuig (2097 044 077869).jpg|thumb|Cockpit of an Atlantic]]
The Breguet Br.1150 Atlantic is a twin-engined, mid-winged [[monoplane]] with a "double-bubble" fuselage; the upper lobe comprising a [[Cabin pressurization|pressurised]] crew compartment, and the lower lobe housing a 9&nbsp;m (27&nbsp;ft 6&nbsp;in) long weapons bay, with [[sonobuoy]] tubes aft of the weapons bay.  A [[radar]] scanner is housed in a retractable underfuselage [[radome]], while a [[magnetic anomaly detector]] is housed in a tail boom. It is powered by a pair of [[Rolls-Royce Tyne]] [[turboprop]] engines.<ref name="Janes 88 p71-3"/><ref name="New Atlantic p213-6">''Air International'' November 1981, pp. 213–216.</ref> An all-aluminium structure is used throughout the Atlantic's airframe; corrosion is alleged to be a considerable problem due to environmental factors imposed by the maritime environment.<ref>Nicolais, Meo and Milella 2011, p. 17.</ref>
The Atlantic was designed for its purpose, instead of refitting or modifying existing designs. Though the primary mission of the Atlantic is anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare, its secondary roles include search and rescue, mine laying and detection and long-range maritime surveillance.<ref>[http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/atlantique/index.html Naval Technology] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061113132458/http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/atlantique/index.html |date=November 13, 2006 }}</ref> The Atlantic can carry either eight guided ASW [[torpedo]]es such as [[Mk 46 Torpedo]], or 12 depth charges, or two [[AM.39 Exocet]] anti-ship missiles in its internal [[bomb bay]]. German Atlantics usually carried Mk 46s only and flew unarmed during the last years of their service. Italian Atlantics have been periodically armed with [[NATO]]-provided nuclear bombs.<ref>Harkavy 1989, p. 261.</ref>
In French service, 18 modernised Atlantique ATL2 are being equipped with various new avionics and onboard sensors. Such systems include the Searchmaster derived from   [[RBE2|RBE2-AA]] [[active electronically scanned array]] radar developed for [[Dassault Rafale]], new digital acoustic processing systems, a [[Thales Group|Thales]]-manufactured [[identification friend or foe]] system, and [[DCNS (company)|DCNS]]-developed LOTI (''Logiciel Opérationnel de Traitement de l'Information'') combat mission software.<ref name = "daily 2013"/>
==Operational history==
[[File:Atlantic_-_RIAT_2006_(2457788396).jpg|thumb|Atlantic in flight, 2006]]
{{External media|topic= |width=16% |float=right |video1=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rMa5K_LmISE Breguet Atlantique Documentary] |video2=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n71cMSq613U German SIGINT Atlantic on take off] |video3=}}
In 1987, a single [[Signals Intelligence]] (SIGINT) Atlanique was operated by France as an airborne headquarters during [[Opération Épervier]], the French intervention against [[Libya]]n military units which had been deployed into neighbouring [[Chad]]. Communications intercepted by the Atlantique were immediately decoded and translated before being used to conduct strikes upon Libyan forces with greater accuracy.<ref>Air and Weibes 2013, p. 325.</ref>
The German ''[[Marineflieger]]'' operated a fleet of Atlantics between 1963 and 2005. A number of these aircraft were modified for SIGINT work and were based at [[Nordholz Naval Airbase]]. During the [[Cold War]], they commonly flew across the [[Baltic Sea]] and along the border with [[East Germany]]; these flights often had American and British intelligence personnel on board in addition to their German crews. During the 1990s, Germany deployed SIGINT Atlantics to observe the [[United Nations]] embargo of [[Yugoslavia]] and for reconnaissance flights during the [[Kosovo War]] in 1999.<ref>Air and Weibes 2013, p. 134.</ref>
In 1992, Germany was considering replacing its Atlantics in the maritime patrol role, the modernised Atlantic-2 was considered to be a frontrunner to be the replacement.<ref>[https://www.flightglobal.com/FlightPDFArchive/1992/1992%20-%201378.PDF "German RFP for maritime patrol is impending."] ''Flight International'', 9 June 1992.</ref> In 1996, the planned procurement of a replacement was delayed in favour of a life extension program to enable the Atlantic fleet to continue in service for a further decade.<ref>[https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/dassault-aviation-9640/ "Dassault Aviation."] ''Flight International'', 23 October 1996.</ref> Germany ultimately elected to replace its Atlantics with a number of secondhand [[Lockheed P-3 Orion]]s procured from the Netherlands. Several German Atlantics have been donated to museums, including the ''[[Militärhistorisches Museum Flugplatz Berlin-Gatow]]'' and the Dutch Air Force Museum, Soesterberg, Netherlands.<ref>[http://www.militaireluchtvaartmuseum.nl/index.html Airforce Museum] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080518215055/http://www.militaireluchtvaartmuseum.nl/index.html |date=May 18, 2008 }}</ref>
During the 1960s and 1970s, the Atlantic competed with the Lockheed P-3 Orion to be selected as the Royal Netherlands Navy's next anti-submarine aircraft. The selection process, during which [[Lockheed Corporation]] was alleged to have engaged in multiple incidents of [[bribe]]ry,<ref>Noonan 1987, pp. 664–665.</ref> ultimately chose the Atlantic. Fewer Atlantics were procured than originally planned however;<ref>Honig 1993, p. 194.</ref> and a total of three Atlantics out of the Netherlands' nine-strong fleet were lost through a series of failures during missions over the Atlantic Ocean.<ref>{{cite journal|date=25 April 1981|title=Dutch Atlantic crash|journal=[[Flight International]]|publisher=[[Reed Business Information]]|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1981/1981%20-%201153.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/neth/mld/types/atlantic.htm|title=Breguet Br1150 Atlantic (SP-13A) – Netherlands Naval Aviation|publisher=[[World Air Forces]]|access-date=4 March 2013}}</ref> These losses resulted in the grounding of the type in 1981 and contributed to its eventual replacement by the P-3 Orion.
During [[NATO]]'s intervention in the 1999 [[Kosovo War]], French Atlantics performed overflying surveillance flights of the combat area; flights within [[Serbia]]n airspace were conducted by unarmed aircraft.<ref>Ripley, Tim. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/eagle-eye-on-kosovo-47567/ "Eagle eye on Kosovo."] ''Flight International'', 3 February 1999.</ref>
[[File:Breguet Atlantique p1040656.jpg|thumb|Atlantique flying overhead, 2006]]
In 1973, in the aftermath of the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]], the [[Pakistan Navy]] opted to procure three Atlantics from France.<ref>Goldrick 1997, p. 154.</ref> In 1999, a Pakistan Navy Atlantic inadvertently flew into Indian airspace while probing Indian air defenses and was intercepted and shot down by [[Indian Air Force]] [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21|MiG-21FL]] after the Atlantic ignored instructions and attempts to force it to land at an Indian base; the event become known as the [[Atlantique incident]]. After 36 years of service, Pakistan's remaining Atlantics were formally retired in September 2012, following the arrival of P-3 Orions to replace them.<ref name=":0">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dK-xMNyutlI "Pakistan Navy Inducts Another P-3C Orion and Phases Out Br.1150 Atlantic."] ''PTV News'', 5 September 2012.</ref>
In 2009, a number of French Atlantics were dispatched to [[Dakar]], Senegal, to participate in a multinational search effort to locate the crashed [[Air France Flight 447]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121108061701/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/gallery/2009/06/01/GA2009060102731.html "Search Teams Converge on Presumed Air France Crash Zone."] ''[[The Washington Post]]'', 1 June 2009.</ref><ref>"An Atlantic Model 2 aircraft lands at France's air base in Dakar." [[Associated Press]], 2 June 2009.</ref>
In January 2013, French Navy Atlantique-2s were deployed to act as ground-strike aircraft during [[Operation Serval]] over Northern [[Mali]]; a number of laser-guided [[GBU-12]] bombs were dropped by the Atlantiques against Malian jihadist militants seeking to overthrow the Malian government.<ref>[http://www.air-cosmos.com/defense/mali-les-atlantique-2-ouvrent-le-feu.html "Mali : les Atlantique 2 ouvrent le feu."] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206095245/http://www.air-cosmos.com/defense/mali-les-atlantique-2-ouvrent-le-feu.html |date=February 6, 2013 }} [[Air & Cosmos]], 31 January 2013.</ref> During the deployment, the Atlantiques also served as [[Intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance|Intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance]] (ISR) platforms, being able to provide a sustained presence unlike alternatives such as the [[EADS Harfang]] [[unmanned aerial vehicle]] (UAV).<ref>Tran, Pierre. [http://archive.defensenews.com/article/20130121/DEFREG04/301210002/Early-Lessons-From-France-8217-s-Mali-Action-Emerge "Early Lessons From France's Mali Action Emerge."]{{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}  ''Defense News'', 21 January 2013.</ref>
In 2015, Atlantique-2s was deployed to Iraq at the beginning of [[Opération Chammal]] against [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIL) forces, initially performing [[ISTAR]] and forward air control missions. On 19 August 2015, an Atlantique-2 flew a mission with two [[Mirage 2000]]s and dropped a GBU-12 on a command and control building, its first strike mission of the operation.<ref>[http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3028 First Air Strike with GBU-12 Against ISIL in Iraq for French Navy ATL2 Maritime Patrol Aircraft] – Navyrecognition.com, 22 August 2015.</ref> As French military operations expanded into Syria in September 2015, the long range of the Atlantiques from their base in the UAE was utilised when undertaking reconnaissance operations instead of shorter range aircraft such as the [[Dassault Rafale]].<ref>[http://www.janes.com/article/54067/france-getting-ready-to-bomb-is-in-syria "France getting ready to bomb IS in Syria."] ''IHS Jane's 360'', 7 September 2015.</ref>
==Variants==
;Br.1150 Atlantic
:Long-range maritime reconnaissance aircraft.
The series' first operators became the French and German navies who contracted for 40 and 20 Atlantics respectively through an initial batch order from Breguet in 1963. These airframes were delivered to customers beginning in 1965 and ended in 1968. A follow-up order involved supply of the aircraft to the Netherlands and Italy shortly thereafter, these being delivered into 1974. Production was undertaken by a European consortium under the "Societe d'Etude et de Construction de Breguet Atlantic" (otherwise recognized as "SECBAT") name led by Breguet itself. Beyond these European powers, Pakistan received three ex-French Navy Atlantics in the 1970s. As an anti-ship, anti-submarine maritime warfare mount, the Atlantic series could be properly outfitted through torpedoes (up to 8 x Mk 46 / 7 x Murene series), depth charges, naval mines and conventional drop bombs as required - these held in the unpressurized internal bomb bay. Additionally the aircraft was cleared to drop specialized mission equipment for shipwreck.
;''Atlantique'' 2
:Updated variant, also known as the ''Atlantique Nouvelle Génération'' or ''ATL2''.<ref name=Francebudget2012 />
It is the direct descendant of the Bréguet Atlantic.
* Power for the Atlantique 2 was served through 2 x Rolls-Royce Tyne RTy.20 Mk 21 series turboprop engines (twin shaft) developing 6,100 horsepower each.
* maximum speed of 400 miles per hour,
* cruising speed of 200 miles per hour,
* ferry range of 5,635 miles
* mission endurance time of up to 18 hours
* operations at altitudes from 100 feet up to 30,000 feet through use of a pressurized cabin and flight deck.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1BfmixMKdOI  |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/1BfmixMKdOI |archive-date=2021-12-13 |url-status=live|title=Atlantique 2 La Ferté Alais 19 et 20 Mai 2018 |date=20 May 2018 |website= You tube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* Rate-of-climb at 2,900 feet per minute.
* 2x [[Exocet|Exocet AM-39]] missile were added to armament.
* 6x [[MU90 Impact]] torpedo since July 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQCyqmg3vww  |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/FQCyqmg3vww |archive-date=2021-12-13 |url-status=live|title=MU90 Air Launched Lightweight Torpedo – DCNS|date=3 October 2012|website= You tube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
The ATL2 has been in service for twenty or so years, and has undergone several retrofits. A renovation operation is in progress (2019–25); 18 out of the 22 ATL2 Standard 5 operated by the French Navy are upgraded to the new version called 'Standard 6'.<ref>{{Cite web | title = Le ministère des armées commande la rénovation de six Atl2 |url= https://www.defense.gouv.fr/english/dga/actualite/le-ministere-des-armees-commande-la-renovation-de-6-atl2 |website= Défense |access-date=2020-04-01}}</ref> The upgrade is comprehensive and should allow the aircraft to operate until 2035.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://seawaves.com/2022/11/18/operational-commissioning-of-the-atlantique-2-to-standard-6/ | title=Operational Commissioning of the Atlantique 2 to Standard 6 }}</ref>   It includes the development of a new combat system called 'Logiciel de traitement de l'information operationelle nouvelle génération' (LOTI-NG).  The system is used to establish a tactical picture based on data gathered by the aircraft's various sensors. New digital operator stations have replaced the original analogic equipment. Another major improvement is the upgrade of the acoustic treatment subsystem called 'Sous-système de traitement acoustique numérique' (STAN). This system is able to operate more sonobuoys than its predecessor and scan a broader range of frequencies. The system can also operate the most recent US sonobuoys including in the multistatic mode. The Wescam MX-20 electro-optical (EO) turret has also been integrated (the same one used on board the Boeing P-8A Poseidon). This system had already been mounted on some ATL2s.
The ATL2 is frequently used in Africa where it serves as backup to ground forces.
The last major element of the Standard 6 upgrade is:
* New radar [[Thales Group|Thales]] Searchmaster Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar. According to Thales, this multirole surveillance radar offers the highest level of operational performance to detect stationary and moving maritime targets, including in high sea states, at ranges up to 200 nautical miles (air-to-sea).<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.aircosmosinternational.com/article/thales-completes-first-production-searchmaster-radar-1551|title=Thales completes first production Searchmaster radar|website=Air & Cosmos|access-date= 2020-04-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t8DHNePRBFg  |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/t8DHNePRBFg |archive-date=2021-12-13 |url-status=live|title=Le Searchmaster : nouveau radar de Thales pour l'ATL-2 |date=7 November 2014|website= You tube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The radar also has the capability to support ground surveillance operations.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.edrmagazine.eu/the-searchmaster-multirole-surveillance-radar-and-the-amascos-multi-mission-system-on-board-the-force-multiplier | title=The SEARCHMASTER® multirole surveillance radar and the AMASCOS® multi-mission system on board the Force Multiplier | date=20 June 2017 }}</ref> The French Navy will also receive a new mission preparation tool and simulator.
* New Thales acoustic subsystem to gather and process signals from the latest generation air-dropped sonobuoys for submarine detection.
* New navigation console designed by Dassault Aviation
* New consoles for the tactical display subsystem developed by the French army, "SIAé".
* The Wescam MX-20 electro-optical (EO) turret integrated into the combat system. With the Standard 6 upgrade, various operators are able to simultaneously access the images provided by the MX-20.
The French procurement agency Direction générale de l'armement (DGA) has authorised the transfer of the first two upgraded Dassault Atlantique 2 (ATL2) maritime patrol aircraft (MPA) to the French Navy, the French ministry for armed forces announced on 24 October. As of July 2022, half of the eighteen aircraft in the French Navy inventory had been upgraded to Standard 6.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2022/07/french-navy-receives-8th-and-9th-upgraded-atl2-mpa/ | title=French Navy Receives 8th and 9th Upgraded ATL2 MPA | date=22 July 2022 }}</ref> Upgrades of the remaining aircraft in the fleet are to continue until 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2020/12/french-navys-upgraded-atl2-mpa-reaches-ioc/|title = French Navy's Upgraded ATL2 MPA Reaches IOC|date = 23 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/06/french-navy-receives-fifth-upgraded-atl-2-maritime-patrol-aircraft/|title = French Navy Receives Fifth Upgraded ATL 2 Maritime Patrol Aircraft|date = 8 June 2021}}</ref> In November 2022, the upgraded aircraft was said to have reached the milestone of being able to perform the entire spectrum of missions assigned to it.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://seawaves.com/2022/11/18/operational-commissioning-of-the-atlantique-2-to-standard-6/ | title=Operational Commissioning of the Atlantique 2 to Standard 6 }}</ref> The 10th upgraded aircraft was delivered in December 2022<ref>{{cite web | url=https://navyrecognition.com/index.php/naval-news/naval-news-archive/2022/december/12604-french-dga-reveives-10th-modernized-atl2-maritime-patrol-aircraft.html | title=French DGA receives 10th modernized ATL2 maritime patrol aircraft }}</ref> and the 11th aircraft followed in April 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2023/04/french-navy-receives-11th-upgraded-atl2-maritime-patrol-aircraft/|title =French Navy Receives 11th Upgraded ATL2 Maritime Patrol Aircraft |work=Naval News |last=Vavasseur |first=Xavier |date = 21 April 2023}}</ref>
;''Atlantique'' 3
:Proposed modernised variant in the 1990s, unbuilt.<ref name = "A3 term"/>
==Operators==
[[File:Bréguet 1150 Atlantic Operators.png|thumb|Map with operators of the Atlantic in blue and former operators in red]]
===Current operators===
[[File:breguet.atlantic.fairford.arp.jpg|thumb|[[Italian Navy]] Atlantic Br.1150]]
;{{FRA}}
* [[French Navy]]
** [[French Naval Aviation]] – The original model was retired in 1996. Second generation ''Atlantique'' 2 in service.
=== Former operators ===
[[File:Breguet.atlantic.6112.arp.jpg|thumb|Atlantic from Marinefliegergeschwader 3 'Graf Zeppelin' about to depart RAF Fairford.]]
;{{GER}}
* [[German Navy]] – Received 20 Atlantics, with five converted to [[ELINT]] aircraft.<ref name="Donald p121">Donald and Lake 1996, p.121.</ref> Replaced all ASW aircraft by ex-Dutch [[P-3 Orion]] in 2005, the ELINT versions were planned to be replaced by the now cancelled [[Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk#EuroHawk|EuroHawk]] UAVs.<ref name=DID_RQ-4_EuroHawk>{{Cite news |url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/euro-hawk-program-cleared-for-takeoff-03051/ |title=RQ-4 Euro Hawk UAV Readying for Takeoff |date= 15 May 2013 |work=Defense Industry Daily}}</ref>
*As Germany decided not to overhaul their P-3C, they will have to be retired by 2025. France proposed to lend four additional Atlantic 2 (Standard 6) as the Maritime Airborne Warfare System (MAWS) will not be operational before 2032.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.meretmarine.com/fr/node/247539|title=Atlantique 2 : En cas de prêt à l'Allemagne, les 22 avions seront rénovés|date=18 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sprenger|first=Sebastian|date=2021-04-12|title=France offers Germany four Atlantic 2 maritime patrol aircraft|url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2021/04/12/france-offers-germany-four-atlantic-2-maritime-patrol-aircraft/|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Defense News|language=en-US}}</ref> but Germany ordered five [[Boeing P-8 Poseidon|P-8A Poseidon]] in 2021<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.naval-technology.com/news/germany-five-boeing-p-8a-poseidon-aircraft/|title=Germany signs deal to procure five Boeing P-8A Poseidon aircraft|date=July 2021 }}</ref>
;{{ITA}}
* [[Italian Air Force]] – 18 aircraft flown by pilots from the [[Italian Air Force]] and [[Italian Navy Aviation]], but commanded by the Navy.<ref>[http://www.aeronautica.difesa.it/MEZZI/VELIVOLIDOTAZIONE/Pagine/Br-1150Atlantic.aspx "Br-1150 Atlantic."] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113144300/http://www.aeronautica.difesa.it/MEZZI/VELIVOLIDOTAZIONE/Pagine/Br-1150Atlantic.aspx |date=November 13, 2013 }} ''Aeronautica Militare'', Retrieved 19 September 2015.</ref> – Replaced by the [[ATR 72#ATR 72MP|ATR 72MP]].<ref name="ITA atlantique retired">{{Cite news |url=http://www.defensenews.com/global/2017/09/25/italy-retires-last-atlantique/ |title=Italy Retires Last Atlantique |date= 25 September 2017 |work=Defense News}}</ref>
[[File:Breguet BR1150 Atlantic (SP-13A) maritiem patrouillevliegtuig 255 (2158 013058).jpg|thumb|right|Royal Netherlands Navy Atlantic]]
;{{NLD}}
* [[Royal Netherlands Navy]]
** [[Dutch Naval Aviation Service]] – Replaced by the [[P-3 Orion]].
;{{PAK}}
* [[Pakistan Navy]]
** [[Pakistan Naval Air Arm]] – Last aircraft retired in 2012<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.historyofpia.com/forums/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=20716&sid=f48346714fea22168c81acd2205836fc|title = Pakistan Navy Phases Out Breguet Atlantic Aircraft - History of PIA - Forum}}</ref> and replaced by ATR 72MP.
==Accidents and incidents==
[[File:20 et 21.04.62 Accident Bréguet Atlantic et obsèques (1962) - 53Fi989 (cropped 02) .jpg|thumb|right|Second prototype crash of 19 April 1962, killing all three onboard]]
* 19 April 1962 – Second prototype aircraft crashed, killing all 3 onboard, during test flight after trying to divert due to an engine fire.<ref>{{cite web|title = Accident Description |publisher = Aviation Safety Network |date =19 April 1962 |url = https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19620419-1 |access-date=23 July 2021}}</ref>
* 31 August 1967 – A French surveillance Breguet 1150 crashed on the Norwegian island of Prins Karls Forland, killing all 11 crew.<ref>{{cite web|title = Accident Description |publisher = Aviation Safety Network |date =31 August 1967 |url = https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19670831-0 |access-date=23 July 2021}}</ref>
* 20 September 1968 – A French Air Force Atlantic crashed into the offices of the [[Royal Aircraft Establishment]] (RAE) while performing a display at the [[Farnborough Air Show]], [[Hampshire]], England.  One of the RAE's civilian maintenance staff was killed, as were all five members of the crew.<ref>{{cite web| title = British Air Show Crash Kills 6| publisher = St.Petersburg Times| date = 21 September 1968| url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ohoMAAAAIBAJ&sjid=KFwDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1483,58909&dq=airshow+crash}}</ref><ref>[http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C1230486 "AIR 20/12163: Breguet Atlantique aircraft crash at Farnborough SBAC display 20th Sept 1968."] ''The National Archives, Kew'', 1968.</ref>
* 15 August 1973 - A Dutch marine surveillance Breguet serial 257 suffered a problem with the [[Elevator (aeronautics)|elevator]] and ditched at 1500 hrs 1.5&nbsp;km off the beach at Wassenaar, Netherlands. All 14 crew survived. The aircraft remained afloat and was salvaged, but later scrapped.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 August 1973 |title=Bemanning van militair toestel na noodlanding op zee opgepikt (translated from Dutch: Crew of military aircraft rescued after emergency landing on sea) |url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/1973/08/15/bemanning-van-militair-toestel-na-noodlanding-op-zee-opgepikt-kb_000032818-a3040800 |website=NRC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.baaa-acro.com/crash/crash-breguet-bre1150-atlantic-wassenaar|title=Crash of a Breguet Bre.1150 Atlantic off Wassenaar &#124; Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives}}</ref>
* 14 September 1978 - A Dutch surveillance Breguet ditches successfully in the Irish Sea west of Scotland after the explosion of the right Rolls-Royce engine.  There were no fatalities among the crew.<ref>{{cite web|title = Accident Description |publisher = Aviation Safety Network |date =14 September 1978 |url =https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19780914-2 |access-date=23 July 2021}}</ref>
* 15 January 1981 – A Dutch Marine Atlantic SP-13A was shadowing the Soviet Navy aircraft carrier ''[[Soviet aircraft carrier Kiev|Kiev]]'' in foul weather, with 30&nbsp;ft waves and blizzard conditions. The Atlantic's crew transmitted a Mayday at 09:58 after suffering control problems due to a control rod failure in the horizontal stabilizer. It was not able to maintain height and was forced to [[water landing|ditch]] 113 miles west of the [[Inner Hebrides]] about half an hour later. Nine survivors were rescued by an RAF [[Westland Sea King|Sea King]] helicopter about two hours after the crash. Three crew members drowned. <ref>{{cite web|title = Accident Description |publisher = Aviation Safety Network |date = 15 January 1981 |url = http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19810115-1 |access-date=18 December 2013}}</ref>
* March 10 1981 – Shortly after taking off from Prince Said Ibrahim International Airport in Moroni, Comoros, on a maritime patrol mission over the Mozambique Channel, a French Navy Breguet 1150 Atlantic number 29 from Lann-Bihoué (France) flotilla 23F crashes into the mountain 15 kilometers (9.4 miles) from the airport, killing all 18 people on board. One engine caught fire shortly after take off.<ref>{{cite web|title = Accident Description |publisher = Aviation Safety Network |date = 10 March 1981 |url = https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19810310-0 |access-date=6 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Breguet Atlantique #29 Flotilla 23F|publisher = Aerosteles lieux de memoire aeronautique |date = 10 March 1981 |url = https://www.aerosteles.net/steleen-comores-atlantic |access-date=6 July 2021}}</ref>
* 18 May 1986 – While flying in cloud, a French Navy Atlantic crashed into a mountain in [[Djibouti]], killing all 19 people on board.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19860519&id=ZTFPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3AIEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7042,8932228&hl=en "20 Die in Djibouti Crash."] ''Toledo Blade'', 19 May 1986.</ref>
* 10 August 1999 – At the Pakistani-Indian border, sixteen Pakistan Navy airmen were killed in what became known as the [[Atlantique incident]]; the Atlantic they were in was shot down by Indian air force [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21]] by [[R-60 (missile)]] after it allegedly intruded into Indian airspace, just a month after the [[Kargil War]].<ref name=":0" />
==Specifications (Atlantique 2)==
[[File:breguet.atlantic.6112.fronton.arp.jpg|thumb|Head-on view of a French Navy Atlantic Br.1150 about to depart RAF Fairford]]
[[File:Breguet Atlantic weapon bay with torpedos 3.jpg|thumb|right|The internal weapons bay of an Atlantic; two torpedoes are present]]
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1988–89 <ref name="Janes 88 p71-3">Taylor 1988, pp. 71–73.</ref>
|prime units?=met
<!--
General characteristics
-->
|crew=12
|capacity=12 passengers or relief crew
|length m=31.62
|length note=
|span m=37.42
|span note=including wingtip pods
|height m=10.89
|height note=
|wing area sqm=120.34
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=<!--'''root and tip:''' [[NACA airfoil|NACA]]<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>-->
|empty weight kg=25700
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=45000
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=46200
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=
|lift kg=<!-- lighter-than-air -->
|lift note=
|more general=
<!--
Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 name=[[Rolls-Royce Tyne]] RTy.20 Mk 21
|eng1 type=2-spool [[turboprop]] engines
|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 hp=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 shp=6100
|eng1 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines -->
|eng1 lbf=<!-- jet/rocket engines -->
|eng1 note= (equivalent)
|prop blade number=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop name=
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia note=
<!--
Performance
-->
|max speed kmh=648
|max speed note=
|cruise speed kmh=315
|cruise speed note=patrol speed
|stall speed kmh=167
|stall speed note=flaps down
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed kmh=
|minimum control speed note=
|range km=
|range note=
|combat range km=
|combat range note=
|ferry range km=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=18 hours
|ceiling m=9145
|ceiling ft=30000
|ceiling note=
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ms=14.7
|climb rate ftmin=2900
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|power/mass=
|more performance=
<!--
Armament
-->
|armament=* Up to 3,500&nbsp;kg (7,700&nbsp;lb), including [[torpedo]]es, [[depth charge]]s, [[naval mine|mines]], [[anti-ship missile]]s, [[bomb]]s and/or [[buoy]]s
|guns=
|bombs=
|rockets=
|missiles=
|hardpoints=
|hardpoint capacity=
|hardpoint rockets=
|hardpoint missiles=
|hardpoint bombs=
|hardpoint other=
|avionics=
}}
==See also==
{{Portal|Aviation}}
{{Aircontent
|related=
|similar aircraft=
* [[Canadair CP-107 Argus]]
* [[Hawker Siddeley Nimrod]]
* [[Ilyushin Il-38]]
* [[Lockheed P-3 Orion]]
|lists=
* [[List of military aircraft of France]]
* [[List of military aircraft of Germany]]
|see also=
}}
==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
===Bibliography===
* Aid, Matthew M. and Cees Wiebes. ''Secrets of Signals Intelligence During the Cold War: From Cold War to Globalization''. Routledge, 2013. {{ISBN|1-135-28098-3}}.
* {{Cite book|editor-last=Eden|editor-first=Paul|title=The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft|location=London, UK|publisher=Amber Books, 2004|isbn=1-904687-84-9|ref={{harvid|Eden|2004}}}}
*{{cite book |last1=Cuny |first1=Jean |last2=Leyvastre |first2=Pierre |title=Les Avions Breguet (1940/1971)|date=1977 |publisher=Editions Larivière|location=Paris |language=fr |series=DOCAVIA |volume=6|name-list-style=amp|oclc=440863702}}
* Donald, David and Jon Lake. (editors). ''Encyclopedia of World Military Aircraft''. London:Aerospace Publishing, Single Volume edition, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874023-95-6}}.
* Elvert, Jürgen. Sylvain Schirmann, Peter Lang. ''Changing Times: Germany in 20th-Century Europe'', Peter Lang, 2008. {{ISBN|90-5201-483-3}}.
* Goldrick, James. ''No Easy Answers: The Development of the Navies of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, 1945–1996''. Lancer Publishers, 1997. {{ISBN|1-897829-02-7}}.
* Harkavy, Robert E. ''Bases Abroad: The Global Foreign Military Presence'', Oxford University Press, 1989. {{ISBN|0-19-829131-0}}.
* Honig, Jan Willem. ''Defense Policy in the North Atlantic Alliance: The Case of the Netherlands'', Greenwood Publishing Group, 1993. {{ISBN|0-275-94369-0}}.
* Lambert, Mark. (editor). ''Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1993–94''. Coulsdon, UK:Jane's Data Division, 1993. {{ISBN|0-7106-1066-1}}.
* Nicolais, Luigi. Michele Meo and Eva Milella. ''Composite Materials: A Vision for the Future''. Springer Science & Business Media, 2011. {{ISBN|0-85729-166-1}}.
* Noonan, John Thomas. ''Bribes''. University of California Press, 1987. {{ISBN|0-520-06154-3}}.
* "The New Generation Atlantics". ''[[Air International]]'', November 1981, Vol. 21 No. 5. pp.&nbsp;213–218, 252–253.
*{{cite journal |last1=Riding |first1=Richar T. |title=Three Deadly Minutes: The Breguet Atlantic Tragedy at Farnborough, 1968 |journal=The Aviation Historian |date=2017 |issue=20 |pages=64–73 |issn=2051-1930}}
* [[John W. R. Taylor|Taylor, John W. R.]] (editor). ''Jane's All the Worlds Aircraft 1988–89''. Coulsdon, Surrey, UK:  Jane's Information Group, 1988. {{ISBN|0-7106-0867-5}}.
* {{Cite book|last=Wilson|first=Stewart|title=Combat Aircraft since 1945|year=2000|location=London|publisher=Aerospace Publications, 2000|isbn=1-875671-50-1}}
==Further reading==
*{{cite book|last=Cuny|first=Jean|title=Les avions de combat français, 2: Chasse lourde, bombardement, assaut, exploration|publisher=Ed. Larivière|year=1989|series=Docavia|volume=30|oclc=36836833|lang=fr|trans-title=French Combat Aircraft 2: Heavy Fighters, Bombers, Attack, Reconnaissance}}
*{{cite book |last1=Lacaze |first1=Henri |title=Les avions Louis Breguet Paris|volume=2: le règne du monoplan |date=2016 |location=Le Vigen, France |isbn=978-2-914017-89-3 |language=fr|trans-title=The Aircraft of Louis Breguet, Paris, 2: The Era of the Monoplane}}
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081129082135/http://www.defense.gouv.fr/marine/decouverte/equipements/aeronefs/atlantique_atl_2 Présentation des Atlantique 2] Site de la Marine nationale
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926221541/http://www.eads.com/1024/de/businet/defence/mas/business_unit_mas/locations/manching/dfw/programme/atlantic/structure.html/ Industrie Konsortium SECBAT in der Betreuungsphase]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926221328/http://www.eads.com/1024/de/businet/defence/mas/business_unit_mas/locations/manching/dfw/programme/atlantic/plane.html/ Beschreibung bei EADS]
* [http://www.marine.de/01DB070000000001/CurrentBaseLink/W269AAWV094INFODE/ Beschreibung der BR 1150 bei der Deutschen Marine]
* [http://perso.orange.fr/amis.breguet/Cooperation.htm/ Französische Seite mit Beschreibung der SECBAT]
* https://web.archive.org/web/20061113132458/http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/atlantique/index.html
{{Breguet aircraft}}
{{Italian military aircraft}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1960s French patrol aircraft]]
[[Category:Breguet aircraft| 1150]]
[[Category:Twin-turboprop tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Mid-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1961]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear]]