View source for Braula

{{Short description|Genus of flies}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Cain1764.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Braula coeca]]''
| display_parents = 2
| taxon = Braula
| authority = [[Christian Ludwig Nitzsch|Nitzsch]], 1818<ref name="Nitzsch1818">{{cite journal |last1=Nitzsch |first1=C.L. |title=Die Familien und Gattungen der Thierinsekten (Insecta epizoica) als Prodromus einer Naturgeschichte derselben. |journal=Mag. Ent. (Germar) |date=1818 |volume=3 |pages=261–316 |url=https://diptera.myspecies.info/sites/diptera.myspecies.info/files/Nitzsch_1818.pdf |access-date=19 January 2022}}</ref>
| type_species = ''[[Braula coeca]]''
| type_species_authority = [[Christian Ludwig Nitzsch|Nitzsch]], 1818<ref name="Nitzsch1818"/>
| synonyms = * ''Entomibia'' <small>Costa, 1846</small><ref name="Costa1846">{{cite journal |last1=Costa |first1=A. |title=Storia completa dell'Entomibia apum Costa (nuovo genere d'Insetti Ditteri) e su idanni che arreca alle api da micle |journal=Atti R. Ist. Incorag. Sci. Nat. |date=1846 |volume=(1847) 7 |pages=291–306}}</ref>
*''Entomybia'' <small>[[Camillo Rondani|Rondani]], 1879</small><ref name="Rondani1879">{{cite journal |last1=Rondani |first1=C. |title=Hippoboscita Italica in familias et genera distributa |journal=Bullettino della Società Entomologica Italiana |date=1879 |volume=11 |pages=3–28 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10362900#page/13/mode/1up |access-date=19 January 2022}}</ref>
* ''Melitomyia'' <small>[[Jacques-Marie-Frangile Bigot|Bigot]], 1885</small><ref name="Bigot1885">{{cite journal |last1=Bigot |first1=Jacques-Marie-Frangile |title=Diptères nouveaux ou peu connus. 27e partie(1). XXXV: Famille des Anomalocerati (mihi) a??µ???—?e?a?. (Coriacae, Pupipara, Nycteribidae. auctor) |journal=Annales de la Société Entomologique de France |date=1885 |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=225–246 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10171719#page/231/mode/1up |access-date=19 January 2022}}</ref>
*''Melittomyia'' <small>[[Mario Bezzi|Bezzi]], 1905</small><ref name="Bezzi1905">{{cite book |last1=Bezzi |first1=Mario |title=Cyclorrhapha Schizophora: Pupipara. Pp. 273-292. In Becker, T., Bezzi, M., Kertesz, K. & Stein, P. (eds.), Katalog der palaarktischen Dipteren. Volume 4. . |date=1905 |location=Budapest |pages=[i] + 328 pp}}</ref>
}}
'''''Braula''''' is a genus of [[fly|flies]] (Diptera) in the family [[Braulidae]]. These are very unusual flies, wingless and flattened, and barely recognizable as Diptera. ''[[Braula coeca]]'' Nitzsch is a pest of [[honey bees]].  The larvae tunnel through the [[wax]] [[honeycomb]] and the adults are found on the bodies of honey bees.  There is some debate whether the bee louse causes damage to the honey bee. These flies sometimes can be found at places where bees congregate such as flowers or salt licks, waiting to grab onto hosts from uninfested nests.<ref name="cpa10">{{cite book | last = Papp | first = L | editor = Soós, Árpád |editor2=Papp, Lazlo | title = Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera | type = Print | volume = 10 | year = 1984 | publisher = Elsevier | location = Amsterdam | isbn = 0-444-99601-X | pages = 178–180 }}<!--| access-date = 25 January 2012 --></ref>
''Braula'' is cosmopolitan and about 1.6&nbsp;mm in length.
==Species==
*''[[Braula coeca]]'' <small>[[Christian Ludwig Nitzsch|Nitzsch]], 1818</small><ref name="Nitzsch1818"/>
*''[[Braula kohli]]'' <small>Schmitz, 1914</small><ref name="Schmitz1914">{{cite journal |last1=Schmitz |first1=H. |title=Eine auf der afrikanischer Honigbiene schmarotzende neue Braula-Art. |journal=Archives de zoologie expérimentale et générale. |date=1914 |volume=54 |pages=121–123 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/27786#page/135/mode/1up |access-date=17 June 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Braula orientalis]]'' <small>Òròsi Pál, 1963</small>
*''[[Braula pretoriensis]]'' <small>Òròsi Pál, 1939</small><ref name="ÖrösiPál1938a">{{cite journal |last1=Örösi Pál |first1=Z. |title=''Braula pretoriensis'' |journal=Meheszet, Budapest |date=1938 |volume=35 |pages=183–186}}</ref>
*''[[Braula schmitzi]]'' <small>Òròsi Pál, 1939</small><ref name="ÖrösiPál1939b">{{cite book |last1=Örösi Pál |first1=Z. |title=Mehellensegek es a kopu allatvilaga |date=1939 |publisher=OrszMagyar Meheszeti Egyesulet |location=Budapest |pages=163}}</ref><ref name="Dobson">{{cite journal |last= Dobson|first=J.R. |year=1999 |title=Bee-louse ''Braula schmitzi'' Örösi-Pál (Diptera: Braulidae) new to the British Isles, and the status of Braula spp. in England and Wales |journal= [[British Journal of Entomology and Natural History]]|volume= 11 |pages= 139–148|publisher= British Entomological and Natural History Society}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*[http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/misc/bees/bee_louse.htm ''Braula coeca'', bee louse] on the [[University of Florida]] / [[Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences]] ''Featured Creatures'' website
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081025012733/http://photo.bees.net/gallery/otherpest/beelouse Photograph of a bee louse]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2213871}}
[[Category:Braulidae]]
[[Category:Western honey bee pests]]
[[Category:Carnoidea genera]]
[[Category:Diptera of Europe]]
[[Category:Diptera of Africa]]
[[Category:Diptera of Asia]]
[[Category:Diptera of North America]]
[[Category:Diptera of South America]]
[[Category:Diptera of Australasia]]
[[Category:Wingless Diptera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Christian Ludwig Nitzsch]]
{{Carnoidea-stub}}