View source for Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources

{{Short description|Environmental agency in Brazil}}
{{Infobox government agency
|agency_name = '''Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources'''
|nativename = ''Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis''
|logo = Logo IBAMA.svg
|logo_width = 150 px
|logo_caption =
|seal =
|seal_width =
|seal_caption =
|formed = February 22, 1989
|jurisdiction = [[Federal government of Brazil]]
|headquarters = [[Brasília]], [[Federal District (Brazil)|Distrito Federal]], Brazil
|coordinates = {{Coordinates|15|46|2|S|47|51|41|W|}}
|employees =
|budget =
|chief1_name =
|chief1_position =
|parent_agency = [[Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (Brazil)|Ministério do Meio Ambiente e Mudança do Clima]]
|website = {{URL|https://www.gov.br/ibama/pt-br}}
|footnotes =
}}
The '''Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources''' ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis'', '''IBAMA''') is the [[Brazil]]ian [[Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (Brazil)|Ministry of the Environment]]'s administrative arm.<ref>"Ibama (Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis)". ''BNamericas''. Retrieved 11 July 2014.</ref><ref>"Brazilian Federal Law 7.735/1989 (Portuguese)". <nowiki>http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l7735.htm</nowiki></ref>  IBAMA was created in 1988 by President José Sarney.<ref>"Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2024-04-03.</ref> IBAMA supports anti-deforestation of the Amazon, and implements laws against [[deforestation]] where the government ceases to implement. IBAMA engages in armed enforcement, using tactical personnel to keep the forest from loggers, farming, agricultural farm grazing and anything that would threaten the Amazon. The current President of IBAMA is Rodrigo Agostinho.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Only 2% of rural landowners are non-compliant with environmental legislation" – Interview with the President of Ibama, Brazil |url=https://agribrasilis.com/2024/02/27/ibama-brazil1/ |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=agribrasilis.com|date=27 February 2024 }}</ref>
== Fines and punishment ==
IBAMA has increased its use of remote surveillance since 2023. IBAMA identifies areas of deforestation and assesses who owns the affected areas. IBAMA then implements embargoes and fines on the owner of the land.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |agency=Associated Press |date=2023-07-06 |title=Brazil: Amazon deforestation drops 34% in first six months under Lula |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/06/brazil-amazon-deforestation-lula |access-date=2024-05-10 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Embargoes can also include cattle seizures to dissuade future offenders. The value of agency fines increased by 167% in 2023 from the 2019-2022 period along with embargoed areas increasing by 111%.<ref name=":0" /> Despite this, there have been deadly incidents between IBAMA's tactical field personnel and illegal violators.
== IBAMA under Lula ==
Brazil's current President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva made ambitious pledges on deforestation. One notable pledge was to end illegal deforestation by 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Associated |first=Press |date=June 6, 2023 |title=Brazil's Lula lays out plan to halt Amazon deforestation |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2023/06/06/brazils-lula-lays-out-plan-to-halt-amazon-deforestation-00100342 |access-date=May 10, 2024 |website=Politico}}</ref> IBAMA is central to these plans as it often acts as an enforcement agency against illegal deforestation in Brazil. IBAMA often surveys and protects land in the Amazon from illegal mining and logging.<ref name="Phillips">{{Cite news |last=Phillips |first=Tom |date=2023-02-28 |title='A war society doesn't see': the Brazilian force driving out mining gangs from Indigenous lands |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/28/brazilian-force-driving-out-mining-gangs-indigenous-yanomami-territory-bolsonaro |access-date=2024-05-10 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Brazil underwent a 50% reduction in deforestation in 2023 signaling progress towards these plans. With Brazil's environment Minister Marina Silva crediting IBAMA’s efforts.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-12 |title=Amazon rainforest: Deforestation rate halved in 2023 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-67962297 |access-date=2024-05-10 |language=en-GB}}</ref> However, over 1,500 workers within Brazil's federal anti-deforestation agencies IBAMA and ICMbio demanded better pay and working conditions from President Lula in a letter in December 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spring |first=Jake |date=December 7, 2023 |title=Brazil anti-deforestation agents protest working conditions under Lula |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/brazil-anti-deforestation-agents-protest-working-conditions-under-lula-2023-12-06/ |access-date=May 10, 2024 |website=Reuters}}</ref>
== IBAMA under Bolsonaro ==
Jair Bolsonaro, Brazil’s former President, endured a large amount of criticism over his handling of deforestation and illegal mining in Brazil. Indigenous people in particular suffered encroachment on a large scale by illegal miners.<ref name="Phillips"/> In 2019 a dispute between IBAMA and Bolsonaro over a government contract for rental vehicles led to the resignation of Suely de Araujo, the President of IBAMA at the time. Bolsonaro claimed the agency had irregularities in its budget. This was disputed by IBAMA officials.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brazil's environmental chief resigns after Bolsonaro criticism |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/1/7/brazils-environmental-chief-resigns-after-bolsonaro-criticism |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> IBAMA also saw its funds slashed by 30% from 2019-2020 under Bolsonaro. Along with its employee numbers dropping by 55% from 1,311 to 591 between 2010 and 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-09 |title=From Lula to Bolsonaro: number of Ibama officials falls by up to 55% |url=https://www.brasildefato.com.br/2020/09/09/from-lula-to-bolsonaro-number-of-ibama-officials-falls-by-up-to-55 |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=Brasil de Fato |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Bolsonaro also implemented “Reconciliation hearings” in 2019. Individuals and companies could reduce or cancel fines based on the hearing. Seventeen thousand hearings were backed up as of 2021 with fines expiring if they had not been heard by three years.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Spring |first=Jake |date=July 2, 2021 |title=Insight: Brazil's Bolsonaro obstructs environmental fines key to protecting Amazon |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/brazils-bolsonaro-obstructs-environmental-fines-key-protecting-amazon-2021-07-02/ |access-date=May 10, 2024 |website=Reuters}}</ref> Nine hundred Ibama and ICMBio employees signed a letter protesting the working conditions in 2021 under pressure to reduce the backlog and facing penalties if they failed to do so.<ref name=":1" />
== Terra Brasilis Operation ==
On March 3, 2022, IBAMA announced the Terra Brasilis Operation. It is a program aimed at assessing biodiversity in Brazil and its use. IBAMA hopes prevent illegal use through fines and embargoes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IBAMA Intensifies Inspection of Companies' Use of Brazil's Biodiversity {{!}} Insights {{!}} Mayer Brown |url=https://www.mayerbrown.com/fr/insights/publications/2022/03/ibama-intensifies-inspection-of-companies-use-of-brazils-biodiversity |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=www.mayerbrown.com |language=fr}}</ref>
==Spix's macaw==
{{main|Spix's macaw}}
Among IBAMA's diverse environmental and natural resources activities, it manages The Working Group for the Recovery of the Spix's macaw and the associated ''Ararinha Azul'' project for conserving one of the rarest birds in the world. However the last Spix's macaw living in the wilderness disappeared in 2000 and the species became extinct in the wild.<ref>[http://www.worldtwitch.com/cyanopsitta.htm "The Last Spix's Macaw ''Cyanopsitta Spixii'' Disappears from the Wild"], WorldTwitch.</ref>
==See also==
*[[Belo Monte Dam]]
*[[Environmentalism in Rio Grande do Sul]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*{{in lang|pt}} [http://www.ibama.gov.br/ IBAMA Website]
*{{in lang|pt}} [http://www.icmbio.gov.br/ ICMBio Website]
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Environmental agencies in Brazil]]
[[Category:Environmental agencies]]
[[Category:Natural resources agencies]]
[[Category:Nature conservation in Brazil]]
[[Category:Executive branch of Brazil]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1989]]
[[Category:1989 establishments in Brazil]]