View source for Brokskat

{{Short description|Indo-Aryan language spoken in India and Pakistan}}
A divergent variety of the Shina Language{{Distinguish|text=the [[Brokkat language]] of Bhutan}}
__NOTOC__
{{Infobox language
| name             = Brokskat
| states           = [[India]], [[Pakistan]]
| region           = [[Ladakh]], [[Baltistan]]
| ethnicity        = [[Brokpa]] (Minaro)
| speakers         = about 3,000
| date             = 1996
| ref              = <ref name="ial"/>
| familycolor      = Indo-European
| fam2             = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
| fam3             = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
| fam4             = [[Dardic languages|Eastern Dardic]]
| fam5             = Shinaic
| iso3             = bkk
| glotto           = brok1247
| glottorefname    = Brokskat
| altname       = Minaro
| nativename = {{lang|bkk-Tibt|འབྲོག་སྐད་}} / {{lang|bkk-Arab|بروقسکت}}
| script           = [[Tibetan script]], [[Nastaliq script]]<ref name="dict">[https://archive.org/details/dli.language.0151/ Brokskat-Urdu-Hindi-English Dictionary]</ref>
}}
'''Brokskat''' ({{bo|t=འབྲོག་སྐད་|w=’brog skad}})<ref>{{cite book |first=John |last=Bray |chapter=Corvée transport labour in 19th and early 20th century Ladakh: a study in continuity and change |editor1=Martijn van Beek |editor2=Fernanda Pirie |title=Modern Ladakh: Anthropological Perspectives on Continuity and Change |publisher=BRILL  |date=2008 |isbn=978-90-474-4334-6 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZO95DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA46 |page=46}}</ref>
or '''Minaro'''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bhagabati |first=Dikshit Sarma |date=2018-08-03 |title=Onstage and Offstage |url=https://www.academia.edu/43104591 |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=53 |issue=31 |quote=The mother tongue of the Brokpa is '''Minaro''', an Indo–Aryan language, though their vocabulary heavily borrows from Ladakhi. |via=academia.edu}}</ref>
is an [[Endangered language|endangered]] [[Indo-Aryan language]] spoken by the [[Brokpa]] people  in the lower [[Indus River|Indus Valley]] of [[Ladakh]] and its surrounding areas.<ref name="ial">{{Cite book |last1=Jain |first1=Danesh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OtCPAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA889 |title=The Indo-Aryan Languages |last2=Cardona |first2=George |date=2007-07-26 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-79711-9 |pages=889 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Ethnologue, 15th Edition |publisher=SIL International |year=2005 |url=https://archive.org/details/ethnologuelangua0000unse_g7e1/pagae=357|via=archive.org |url-access=registration |page=357 |quote='''Minaro''' is an alternate ethnic name. "'''Brokpa'''" is the name given by the Ladakhi for the people. "'''Brokskat'''" is the language.}}</ref>
It is  the oldest surviving member of the ancient [[Dardic languages|Dardic language]].<ref>{{citation |title=Ethnologue, 15th Edition |url=https://archive.org/details/ethnologuelangua0000unse_g7e1/pagae=357 |page=357 |year=2005 |publisher=SIL International |quote=Brokskat’ is the language. This is the oldest surviving member of the ancient Dardic language. |via=archive.org |url-access=registration}}</ref> It is considered a divergent variety  of [[Shina language|Shina]],<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/ethnologuelangua0000unse_g7e1 |title=Ethnologue : languages of the world |date=2005 |publisher=Dallas, Tex. : SIL International |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-1-55671-159-6 |quote=A very divergent variety of Shina}}</ref> but it is not mutually intelligible with the other dialects of Shina.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Jain |first1=Danesh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OtCPAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA889 |title=The Indo-Aryan Languages |last2=Cardona |first2=George |date=2007-07-26 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-79711-9 |quote=And is not mutually intelligible with the other shina language}}</ref> It is only spoken by  2,858 people in Ladakh and 400 people in the adjoining [[Baltistan]], part of Pakistan-administered Kashmir.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-16 |title=بروسکت: پاکستان میں ایک نئی زبان دریافت |url=https://www.independenturdu.com/node/96706 |access-date=2022-12-30 |website=Independent Urdu |language=ur}}</ref>
== Etymology ==
'''Exonym'''
The term ''Brokskat'' translates to "the language of the Brokpa" in the Tibetic language. The name "Brokpa" is used by Ladakhi and Balti [[Tibetic]] origin people to refer to this ethnic group. ''Brokpa'' means "hill-dweller" or "hillbilly," reflecting their historical lifestyle as hunters in the upper mountainous regions.
'''Endonym'''
The Brokpa themselves refer to their language as '''Minaro''' and identify their ethnic group by the same name, '''Minaro'''. Interestingly, their ancient religion is also known as '''Minaro'''.
==Vocabulary==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Caption text
|-
! English !! Brokskat in Roman script !! Brokskat in Bodyig script
|-
| Water || wa|| ཝུའ་
|-
| Fire  ||  ghur || གཱུར
|-
| Sun || Suri || སུརིའ་
|-
| Moon || gyun|| གྱུན
|-
| Mountain  || chur || ཆུར
|-
| Human   ||  mush  || མུཤ
|-
| Land    ||  bun   || བུན
|-
| Boy      ||  byo   || བྱོ
|-
| Girl      ||  molay    || མོལེའ་
|-
| Baby     ||  bubu   || བུའབུའ
|-
| Knife     ||  cutter  || ཀཊའར
|}
== Verb tenses ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Caption text
|-
! English !! Brokskat -present tense  !! Brokskat-past tense  !! Broskat-future tense  !! Imperative
|-
| To go  || byas || go || byungs ||boyai
|-
|  To stand  ||  autheis || authait ||  authiyungs || authi
|-
| To Break  || phitais || phitaiat || phitiaungs|| phitai
|-
| To open || aunis|| auniat || auniungs || auni
|-
| To laugh   || hazis ||hazit  ||haziungs  ||hazi
|-
| To sit    ||  bazhais  || bazhit  || bazhiungs ||bazhi
|-
| To walk   ||  zazis  || zazit || zaziungs || zazi
|-
| To throw     ||  faitis  ||faitiat  || fatiungs|| fati
|-
| To look || skis   || skait||  skiungs || ski
|-
| Cut     ||  chhinis   || chinait|| chhiniungs || chhini
|-
|  To Count    ||  gyanis   || gyaniat || gyaniungs||gyani
|}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Indo-Aryan languages}}
{{Languages of Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{Languages of Pakistan}}
{{Languages of India}}
[[Category:Dardic languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Ladakh]]
[[Category:Languages of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Languages of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
[[Category:Languages of India]]
{{IndoAryan-lang-stub}}