View source for Bypass (road)

{{Short description|Road that bypasses a built-up area}}
{{About||the 2019 Indian film|Bypass Road (film)}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2014}}
[[File:Nasinneula nakyma 1.jpg|thumb|In the picture, the bypass section called [[Paasikiven–Kekkosentie]] of the [[Finnish national road 12|Highway 12]] bypasses the city center of [[Tampere]] in [[Pirkanmaa]], [[Finland]]. Highway 12 was moved between [[Santalahti]] and [[Naistenlahti]] to the [[Tampere Tunnel]] in 2016.<ref>[https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-9291829 YLE: Video: Suomen pisin maantietunneli löytyy nyt Tampereelta – valmistui puoli vuotta etuajassa] (in Finnish)</ref>]]
A '''bypass''' is a [[road]] or [[highway]] that avoids or "bypasses" a built-up area, town, or village, to let through [[traffic flow]] without interference from local traffic, to reduce [[Traffic congestion|congestion]] in the [[built-up area]], to improve [[road safety]] and as replacement for obsolete roads that are no longer in use as a result of devastating natural disasters (earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, volcanic eruptions). A bypass specifically designated for [[truck]]s may be called a '''truck route'''.
If there are no strong land use controls, buildings are often built in town along a bypass, converting it into an ordinary town road, and the bypass may eventually become as congested as the local streets it was intended to avoid. Many businesses are often built there for ease of access, while homes are often avoided for noise and pollution reasons.
Bypass routes are often on new land where no road originally existed. This creates a conflict between those who support a bypass to reduce congestion in a built-up area and/or as replacement for roads that became obsolete and inactive because devastating natural disasters &mdash; those who oppose the development of (often rural) undeveloped land. A city may also oppose the project, because of the potential reduction in city core.
==Canada==
In [[Ontario]], examples include the [[Donald Cousens Parkway]] (formerly named the Markham Bypass from 2004 to 2006) and the Box Grove Bypass in the city of [[Markham, Ontario|Markham]]; and in [[Toronto]] a section of [[Highway 401 (Ontario)|Highway 401]] was called the Toronto Bypass in the 1950s when the highway was built as a bypass of [[Highway 2 (Ontario)|Highway 2]], [[Ontario Highway 2A]] which was built to bypass Highway 2 between Toronto and [[Newcastle, Ontario|Newcastle]], and the Caledonia Bypass, a section of [[Highway 6 (Ontario)|Highway 6]] in Caledonia.
In [[Nova Scotia]], the section of [[Nova Scotia Highway 104|Highway 104]] between [[Thomson Station, Nova Scotia|Thomson Station]] and [[Masstown, Nova Scotia|Masstown]] is colloquially named the [[Cobequid Pass]]; this name is for a section of road that bypasses the [[Wentworth Valley]] by crossing the [[Cobequid Mountains]].
==United Kingdom==
[[Image:The A34, Donnington.jpg|thumb|right|The Newbury bypass near [[Donnington, Berkshire|Donnington]]]]
The idea of bypasses predates the use of motor vehicles. The first (northern) [[London]] bypass, the present [[Marylebone Road]] between [[Paddington]] and [[Islington]], was started in 1756.
Bypasses can take many years to gain planning approval and funding. Many towns and villages have been campaigning for bypasses for over 30 years e.g. [[Banwell]] in [[North Somerset]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bypassbanwell.co.uk/index.htm |title=Banwell bypass |access-date=2008-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406011848/http://www.bypassbanwell.co.uk/index.htm |archive-date=2008-04-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
There was large-scale protest during construction of the [[Newbury bypass]]—officially known as the Winchester–Preston Trunk Road (A34) (Newbury Bypass)—a {{convert|9|mi|adj=on}} stretch of [[dual carriageway]] which bypasses the town of [[Newbury, Berkshire|Newbury]] in [[Berkshire]], [[England]]. The protest was popularly known as the ''Third Battle of Newbury'', a name which was also adopted by one of the main protest groups. The name was chosen in reference to the [[First Battle of Newbury]] of 1643 and the [[Second Battle of Newbury]] of 1644, both of which took place close to the town during the [[English Civil War]].
==United States==
[[Image:149ea452.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Old by-pass sign on [[Maui]] for State Route 30 thru surface streets]]
In the [[United States]], '''bypass routes''' are a type of [[special route]] used on an alternative routing of a highway around a town when the main route of the highway goes through the town. The original designation of these routes were "truck routes" to divert through truck traffic away from the town, but the designation was changed to "bypass" in 1959 by [[American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials|AASHTO]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2013}} However, many "truck" routes remain where the mainline of the highway is prohibited for trucks.
In a few cases, both a bypass and a [[business route]] exist, each with auxiliary signs (e.g. [[U.S. Route 60 in Kentucky|U.S. Route 60]] in [[Lexington, Kentucky]]). Bypass routes are less common than business routes. Many of those that existed before the era of [[Interstate Highway System|Interstate Highways]] have lost their old designations. For example, in [[Missouri]], the old bypass route of [[U.S. Route 71 in Missouri|U.S. Route 71]] to the east of [[Kansas City, Missouri]] was [[decommissioned highway|decommissioned]] as [[Interstate 435 (Missouri)|Interstate 435]] supplanted it; the remainder that existed as suburban surface route became [[Missouri Route 291]]. Around [[St. Louis, Missouri]], what had been [[U.S. Route 50 Bypass (St. Louis, Missouri)|U.S. Route 50 Bypass]] was absorbed into a diversion of [[U.S. Route 50 in Missouri|U.S. Route 50]] from [[Interstate 44 in Missouri|Interstate 44]] and [[Interstate 64 in Missouri|Interstate 64]].
[[File:Interstate 95 - Virginia (8112215303).jpg|thumb|Overhead sign along [[Interstate 95]] displaying [[Interstate 295 (Virginia)|Interstate 295]] as a bypass route for [[Richmond, Virginia]]]]
In the [[Interstate Highway System]] in the United States, primary routes are designated with a [[List of Interstate Highways|one- or two-digit number]], while bypasses and loops are generally designated with a [[List of auxiliary Interstate Highways|three-digit number beginning with an even digit]]. However, there are many exceptions to this convention, where routes with three-digit numbers serve the main route through town while the routes with one- or two-digit numbers serve as the bypass.  A few such examples can be found in the metropolitan areas of [[Des Moines, Iowa]] ([[Interstate 235 (Iowa)|Interstate 235]] goes through downtown, while [[Interstate 35 in Iowa|Interstate 35]] and [[Interstate 80 in Iowa|Interstate 80]] bypass downtown), [[Omaha, Nebraska]] ([[Interstate 480 (Iowa–Nebraska)|Interstate 480]] traverses the [[Downtown Omaha|downtown area]], while [[Interstate 80 in Nebraska|Interstate 80]] is one of the bypasses), and [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]] (the city is served by [[Interstate 279]] and [[Interstate 376]], while [[Interstate 70 in Pennsylvania|Interstate 70]], [[Interstate 76 (Ohio–New Jersey)|Interstate 76]], and [[Interstate 79]] all bypass city limits).
Another meaning of the term bypass route (usually simply called a ''bypass'') is a highway that was constructed to bypass an area that is often congested with traffic. This includes Interstate Highway [[beltway]]s and [[U.S. Highway system|U.S. Highways]] constructed to circumvent downtown areas. Examples of these are [[U.S. Route 60 in Virginia|U.S. Route 60]] bypassing [[Williamsburg, Virginia]], [[Interstate 285 (Georgia)|Interstate 285]] bypassing Downtown [[Atlanta]], [[U.S. Route 20 in Indiana|U.S. Route 20]]/[[U.S. Route 31 in Indiana|U.S. Route 31]] bypassing metro [[South Bend, Indiana]] (on the [[St. Joseph Valley Parkway]]), and [[Interstate 75 in Florida|Interstate 75]] bypassing [[Tampa, Florida|Tampa]] and [[St. Petersburg, Florida]]. These bypasses usually carry mainline routes rather than auxiliary "bypass" routes.
The first bypass route in the United States was completed in 1958 as [[Alabama State Route 210]] (Ross Clark Circle) in [[Dothan, Alabama]].{{Citation needed|reason=In Alabama, a bypass of Huntsville opened in 1955. And in New York City, one dates back in 1929.|date=March 2021}}
===Shoofly===
In the United States, the term '''shoofly''' – a borrowing from railroad jargon – is also sometimes used to refer to a short temporary roadway built to bypass a construction site or other temporary obstruction.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.40forward.com/global/glossary.aspx |title=Oklahoma's I-40 Crosstown Expressway: Glossary |access-date=2008-04-16 |work=[[Oklahoma Department of Transportation]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908070542/http://www.40forward.com/global/glossary.aspx |archive-date=2008-09-08 |url-status=dead }}</ref>  The U.S. ''[[Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices]]'' uses the term "diversion".<ref>MUTCD [https://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/HTM/2003r1/part6/part6c.htm#section6C09 Section 6C.09]</ref>
==Brazil==
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2015}}
In Brazil the widest and busiest bypasses are located in the state of São Paulo, and many of them intersect and merge around large cities to form ring-like systems. Most notably the [[Rodoanel Mário Covas]], which encircles the city of São Paulo and passes through other cities in the metropolitan area, is the largest project of such type with a planned total length of 180&nbsp;km upon completion. It is divided into sections and connected to major highways and while not being a toll road itself, accesses to other motorways are often placed through toll booths.
== Asia ==
[[File:Outer Ring Road (Nehru ORR) at Narsinghi.jpg|thumb|Outer Bypass Road (Atal ORR) at Narsinghi, Hyderabad in India]]
===Hong Kong===
[[Hong Kong]] contains several bypasses. The first are the [[Island Eastern Corridor]], the [[East Kowloon Corridor]], the [[West Kowloon Corridor]], and the [[Lung Cheung Road|Lung Cheung]] and [[Ching Cheung Road]]s.  Later ones are named directly as bypasses, such as [[Kwun Tong Bypass]], [[Hung Hom Bypass]], and the [[Ma On Shan Bypass]]. Other bypasses include the Tai Po Section of the [[Tolo Highway]], the section within the Tuen Mun New Town of the [[Tuen Mun Road]], the [[Yuen Long Highway]], and the [[West Kowloon Highway]]. The [[Central-Wan Chai Bypass]], which costs HK$28.1 billion, is a series of tunnels between [[Central, Hong Kong|Central]] and [[Causeway Bay]].<ref name="hyd">[http://www.hyd.gov.hk/eng/public/publications/newsletter/Issue51/Eng/E2.PDF Central – Wan Chai Bypass and Island Eastern Corridor Link] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928011129/http://www.hyd.gov.hk/eng/public/publications/newsletter/Issue51/Eng/E2.PDF |date=2007-09-28 }}</ref>
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===Japan===
{{expand Japanese|date=August 2018}}
===Malaysia===
[[Malaysia]] also contain several bypasses such as [[Rawang Bypass]], [[Kajang Bypass]], [[Bidor Bypass]] and [[Kuala Terengganu Bypass]].
===Philippines===
[[File:09878jfLandscape paddy field villages trees Bridges Bulacan Bypass Arterial Roadfvf 16.jpg|thumb|[[Plaridel Bypass Road]] in [[Bulacan]] serves as an alternative route to the [[Pan-Philippine Highway]].]]
Bypass roads (or in other cases "diversion roads") in the Philippines are generally considered on [[Philippine highway network|national highways]] passing through a densely populated city or municipality. Local governments usually promote construction of bypasses where the existing highway becomes heavily congested. Bypasses are common in rural municipalities to deter through traffic from entering the ''[[poblacion]]'' or town centre. Careful planning is considered when planning a bypass through a community to ensure the original route is downgraded to local access. Control of access to properties is taken in account to avoid uncontrolled land development.
==Bypass road signs around the world==
<gallery>
File:BG road sign Ж3.svg|Layout of detour or bypass route (Bulgaria)
File:HR road sign C100.svg|Layout of detour or bypass route (Croatia)
File:Estonia road sign 671a.svg|Layout of detour or bypass route (Estonia)
File:Estonia road sign 675.svg|Detour or bypass signpost (Estonia)
File:Estonia road sign 677b.svg|Direction of destination bypass sign (Estonia)
File:Estonia road sign 679b.svg|Direction of pedestrian bypass sign (Estonia)
File:Kiertotien suunnistustaulu 614.svg|Layout of detour or bypass route (Finland)
File:Kiertotien viitta 646.svg|Direction to detour or bypass route (Finland)
File:Zeichen 454.svg|[[Detour]] or bypass [[Fingerpost|signpost]] (Germany)
File:Zeichen 455.1-30 - Ankündigung oder Fortsetzung der Umleitung, Vorankündigung geradeaus, StVO 2013.svg|[[Detour]] or bypass sign (U3) (Germany)
File:Zeichen 457 - Umleitungsankündigung, StVO 1992.svg|'''''Umleitung'''''<br>[[Detour]] or bypass sign (Germany)
File:Zeichen 459 - Ende einer Umleitung, StVO 1992.svg|End of [[Detour]] or bypass (Germany)
File:Zeichen 458 - Planskizze, StVO 2013.svg|'''''Planskizze'''''<br>Layout of [[detour]] or bypass route (Germany)
File:Zeichen 467.1-20 - Umlenkungspfeil (Streckenempfehlung) rechtsweisend, StVO 2013.svg|'''''Umlenkungspfeil (Streckenempfehlung)'''''<br>Existing alternate or bypass '''''Autobahn''''' route (Germany)
File:Zeichen 467.2 - Umlenkungspfeil Ende (Ende einer Streckenempfehlung), StVO 2013.svg|End of alternate or bypass '''''Autobahn''''' route (Germany)
File:Lithuania road sign 624.svg|Layout of detour or bypass route (Lithuania)
File:Lithuania road sign 625.svg|Direction to detour or bypass route (Lithuania)
File:Lithuania road sign 626.svg|Direction to detour or bypass route (Lithuania)
File:MK road sign 366.svg|Layout of detour or bypass route (North Macedonia)
File:New Zealand road sign A45-1 (200 m).svg|Heavy vehicle bypass 200 m ahead (New Zealand)
File:New Zealand road sign A45-1 (300 m).svg|Heavy vehicle bypass 300 m ahead (New Zealand)
File:New Zealand road sign A45-2L.svg|Heavy vehicle bypass to the left (New Zealand)
File:New Zealand road sign A45-2R.svg|Heavy vehicle bypass to the right (New Zealand)
File:New Zealand road sign A45-2LR.svg|Heavy vehicle bypass to the both directions (New Zealand)
File:PL road sign F-8.svg|Layout of detour or bypass route (Poland)
File:PL road sign F-9.svg|Direction to detour or bypass route (Poland)
File:Serbia road sign III-85-1.svg|Layout of detour or bypass route (Serbia)
File:392-50 Uzávierková predzvesť (uzávierka pre všetku dopravu, navigácia prostredníctvom medzicieľov).svg|Layout of detour or bypass route (Slovakia)
File:395-20 Šípový smerník na vyznačenie obchádzky (doprava, bez bližšieho označenia).svg|Direction to detour or bypass route signpost (Slovakia)
File:395-21-51 Šípový smerník na vyznačenie obchádzky (doprava, s vyznačeným diaľkovým cieľom).svg|Direction to destination bypass signpost (Slovakia)
File:395-22-52 Šípový smerník na vyznačenie obchádzky (doprava, pre nákladné vozidlá).svg|Direction to truck bypass signpost (Slovakia)
File:395-22-58 Šípový smerník na vyznačenie obchádzky (doprava, pre bicykle).svg|Direction to bicycle bypass signpost (Slovakia)
File:393-30 Ohlasovacia tabuľa obchádzky (bez bližšieho označenia).svg|Bypass plate (Slovakia)
File:393-31-50 Ohlasovacia tabuľa obchádzky (číslovaná obchádzka).svg|Bypass route plate (Slovakia)
File:393-32-52 Ohlasovacia tabuľa obchádzky (pre nákladné vozidlá).svg|Truck bypass plate (Slovakia)
File:393-32-58 Ohlasovacia tabuľa obchádzky (pre bicykle).svg|Bicycle bypass plate (Slovakia)
File:394-21-51 Tabuľový smerník na vyznačenie obchádzky (tu doprava, s vyznačeným diaľkovým cieľom).svg|Direction to destination bypass sign (Slovakia)
File:394-21-52 Tabuľový smerník na vyznačenie obchádzky (tu doprava, s číslom cesty I. alebo II. triedy).svg|Direction to bypass route sign (Slovakia)
File:394-22-52 Tabuľový smerník na vyznačenie obchádzky (tu doprava, pre nákladné vozidlá).svg|Direction to truck bypass sign (Slovakia)
File:394-22-58 Tabuľový smerník na vyznačenie obchádzky (tu doprava, pre bicykle).svg|Direction to bicycle bypass sign (Slovakia)
File:394-61-51 Tabuľový smerník na vyznačenie obchádzky (prídavná tabuľka nad značkou, názov diaľkového cieľa).svg|Destination bypass sign (Slovakia)
File:394-61-52 Tabuľový smerník na vyznačenie obchádzky (prídavná tabuľka nad značkou, číslo cesty I. triedy).svg|Bypass route sign (Slovakia)
File:394-62-52 Tabuľový smerník na vyznačenie obchádzky (prídavná tabuľka nad značkou, pre nákladné vozidlá).svg|Bypass for trucks sign (Slovakia)
File:394-62-58 Tabuľový smerník na vyznačenie obchádzky (prídavná tabuľka nad značkou, pre bicykle).svg|Bypass for bicycles sign (Slovakia)
File:Slovenia road sign III-111.svg|Layout of detour or bypass route (Slovenia)
File:By-pass plate.svg|Bypass plate (United States)
File:By-pass plate white and toll plate yellow.svg|Combined bypass plate (white) and toll plate (yellow) (United States)
File:By-pass plate orange.svg|Bypass plate (orange) (United States)
File:By-pass plate green.svg|Bypass plate (green) (United States)
File:By-pass plate blue.svg|Bypass plate (blue) (United States)
File:By-pass plate brown.svg|Bypass plate (brown) (United States)
</gallery>
== See also ==
[[Image:Banneredhighways.svg|thumb|right|200px|Types of special routes in the United States]]
*[[Special route]]
*[[Alternate route (highway)|Alternate route]]
*[[Business route]]
*[[Link road]]
*[[List of special routes of the United States Numbered Highway System]]
*[[List of business routes of the Interstate Highway System]]
*[[Ring road]]
*[[National Highway No. 3 (Taiwan)]]
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==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{US route types}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Bypasses| ]]