View source for CGS Hawk

<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
| name=CGS Hawk
| image=CGS Hawk Classic 02.JPG
| caption=Hawk Ultra
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
| type=[[Light-sport aircraft]], [[Homebuilt aircraft]], [[ultralight aircraft]]
| national origin=[[United States]]
| manufacturer=[[CGS Aviation]]
| designer=Chuck Slusarczyk
| first flight=January 1982
| introduced=March 1982
| retired=
| status=In production
| primary user=
| number built=1712
| developed from=
| variants with their own articles=
}}
|}
[[File:CGS Hawk - prototype.JPG|thumb|right|The first Hawk prototype at [[Sun 'n Fun]] 2006]]
[[File:CGS Hawk Sport.JPG|thumb|right|Hawk Sport]]
[[File:CGS Hawk II A523LAB.JPG|thumb|right|Hawk Arrow II with [[Aircraft fabric covering|dope and fabric covering]]]]
[[File:CGS Hawk II Arrow 11RMS.JPG|thumb|right|Hawk Arrow II]]
The '''CGS Hawk''' is a family of high wing, [[strut]]-braced, [[pusher configuration]], single and two-seats-in-tandem [[ultralight aircraft]], designed by Chuck Slusarczyk and manufactured by [[CGS Aviation]].<ref name="Aerocrafter">Purdy, Don: ''AeroCrafter – Homebuilt Aircraft Sourcebook'', page 132-133. BAI Communications. {{ISBN|0-9636409-4-1}}</ref><ref name="KitplanesDec2007">Downey, Julia: ''2008 Kit Aircraft Directory'', Kitplanes, Volume 24, Number 12, December 2007, page 45-46. Primedia Publications. ISSN 0891-1851</ref><ref name="KitplanesDec1998">Kitplanes Staff: ''1999 Kit Aircraft Directory'', Kitplanes, Volume 15, Number 12, December 1998, page 42-43. Primedia Publications. IPM 0462012</ref><ref name="Cliche">Cliche, Andre: ''Ultralight Aircraft Shopper's Guide'' 8th Edition, page B-28 & B-82 Cybair Limited Publishing, 2001. {{ISBN|0-9680628-1-4}}</ref><ref name="History">{{cite web|url = http://www.cgsaviation.com/history.htm|title = CGS Hawk History|accessdate = 2009-10-15|last = CGS Aviation|year = n.d.|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402092645/http://www.cgsaviation.com/history.htm|archive-date = 2015-04-02|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref name="KitplanesDec2011">Vandermeullen, Richard: ''2011 Kit Aircraft Buyer's Guide'', Kitplanes, Volume 28, Number 12, December 2011, page 45. Belvoir Publications. ISSN 0891-1851</ref><ref name="WDLA11">Bayerl, Robby; Martin Berkemeier; et al: ''World Directory of Leisure Aviation 2011–12'', page 34. WDLA UK, Lancaster UK, 2011. ISSN 1368-485X</ref>
==Development==
Designer Chuck Slusarczyk established himself as a [[hang glider]] designer in the early 1970s, including producing engine power units for hang gliders. In October 1979, his company, Chuck's Glider Supplies was renamed CGS Aviation. In 1980 Slusarczyk surveyed pilots at [[Sun 'n Fun]] and [[AirVenture]] to find out what they wanted in a new ultralight aircraft design. The survey revealed pilots were looking for:<ref name="History" /><ref name="HawkClassic">{{cite web|url = http://www.cgsaviation.com/singleclassic.htm|title = CGS Hawk Classic Single Seat|accessdate = 2009-10-15|last = CGS Aviation|year = n.d.|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090916135656/http://www.cgsaviation.com/singleclassic.htm|archive-date = 2009-09-16|url-status = dead}}</ref>
*an enclosed cockpit with removable doors
*three axis controls
*[[Flap (aircraft)|flaps]] and not [[flaperons]]
*[[strut]]s in place of cable-bracing
*the choice of [[tricycle gear]], with a steerable nose wheel or [[conventional landing gear]], with a steerable tail wheel
*[[pusher configuration]]
When the resulting Hawk first flew in January 1982 it was the first ultralight aircraft with an enclosed cockpit and to use strut bracing. The aircraft was intended to meet the requirements of the US [[Ultralight aircraft (United States)|FAR 103 ''Ultralight Vehicles'']] category, including that category's maximum {{convert|254|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} empty weight.<ref name="Cliche" /><ref name="History" /><ref name="HawkClassic" />
The Hawk wing is strut-braced, constructed from [[aluminum]] tubing and covered with either pre-sewn [[Dacron]] envelopes or doped [[aircraft fabric]]. The flat-bottomed wing also features flaps. The fuselage is of similar construction and uses a curved boom tube for its main structural member. The curved tube allows the tail to be located higher, out of the wing's downwash, especially when the flaps are extended. Landing gear for all models is optionally tricycle or conventional.<ref name="Cliche" /><ref name="review_cgs_hawk_arrow_2010_12_kitplanes">[https://s28490.pcdn.co/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Kitplanes_2010_12.pdf "Flight Review: CGS Hawk Arrow,"] December 2010, ''Kitplanes,'' retrieved September 23, 2022</ref>
The Hawks are available as [[homebuilt aircraft|aircraft kits]], quick-build kits, or completed aircraft.<ref name="Cliche" />
==Operational history==
The Hawk was first introduced to the public at Sun N Fun in March 1982 in [[Lakeland, Florida]]. The prototype won ''Best New Design for 1982''.<ref name="History" />
At the [[AirVenture|EAA Convention]] held in [[Oshkosh, Wisconsin]] that same year the Hawk was named ''Outstanding New Design'' and also ''Reserve Grand Champion''.<ref name="History" />
At Oshkosh 1983, the Hawk won the ''Dupont Kevlar Air Recreational Vehicle Design Competition'' against more than 126 other designs.<ref name="History" />
==Variants==
===Single seaters===
;Hawk Classic
:Single seat, original design, introduced in 1982 and still in production. 990 flying in 2011. Standard empty weight {{convert|310|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} with a {{convert|600|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} gross weight.. Engines available include the [[two-stroke]] {{convert|40|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Rotax 447]], {{convert|52|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Rotax 503]], {{convert|65|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Rotax 582]], {{convert|40|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Hirth 2702]], {{convert|55|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Hirth 3202]], {{convert|65|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Hirth 3203]] and the [[four-stroke]] {{convert|60|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[HKS 700E]].<ref name="Aerocrafter" /><ref name="KitplanesDec2007" /><ref name="KitplanesDec1998" /><ref name="Cliche" /><ref name="KitplanesDec2011" /><ref name="HawkClassic" />
;Hawk Arrow
:Single seat, with a less sloped windshield, longer nose, larger tail surfaces, flatter floor and reinforced tail boom. 135 flying in 2011. Standard empty weight {{convert|330|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} with a {{convert|625|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} gross weight. Engines available include the [[two-stroke]] {{convert|40|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Rotax 447]], {{convert|52|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Rotax 503]], {{convert|65|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Rotax 582]], {{convert|40|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Hirth 2702]], {{convert|55|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Hirth 3202]], {{convert|65|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Hirth 3203]] and the [[four-stroke]] {{convert|60|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[HKS 700E]].<ref name="Aerocrafter" /><ref name="KitplanesDec2007" /><ref name="KitplanesDec1998" /><ref name="KitplanesDec2011" /><ref name="HawkArrow">{{cite web|url = http://www.cgsaviation.com/singlearrow.htm|title = CGS Hawk Arrow Single Seat|accessdate = 2009-10-15|last = CGS Aviation|year = n.d.|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090909094936/http://www.cgsaviation.com/singlearrow.htm|archive-date = 2009-09-09|url-status = dead}}</ref>
;Hawk Plus
:Single seat, based on the Arrow two-seater, with only the front seat fitted, intended as a freight carrier. 65 flying in 2011. Standard empty weight {{convert|350|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} with an {{convert|800|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} gross weight. Engines available include the [[two-stroke]] {{convert|40|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Rotax 447]], {{convert|52|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Rotax 503]], {{convert|65|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Rotax 582]], {{convert|40|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Hirth 2702]], {{convert|55|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Hirth 3202]], {{convert|65|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Hirth 3203]] and the [[four-stroke]] {{convert|60|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[HKS 700E]].<ref name="KitplanesDec2007" /><ref name="KitplanesDec1998" /><ref name="Cliche" /><ref name="KitplanesDec2011" /><ref name="HawkPlus">{{cite web|url = http://www.cgsaviation.com/hawkplus.htm|title = CGS Hawk Plus Single Seat|accessdate = 2009-10-15|last = CGS Aviation|year = n.d.|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091006043918/http://www.cgsaviation.com/hawkplus.htm|archive-date = 2009-10-06|url-status = dead}}</ref>
;Hawk Sport
:Single seat, developed to compete in the 1999 European [[World Air Games]]. Eight were flying by 2011. It has competition features, including streamlined struts and landing gear legs, no [[jury struts]], a semi-symmetrical airfoil and {{convert|3|in|cm|0|abbr=on}} extra headroom.  Standard empty weight {{convert|310|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} with a {{convert|625|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} gross weight. Engines available include the [[two-stroke]] {{convert|40|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Rotax 447]], {{convert|52|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Rotax 503]], {{convert|65|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Rotax 582]] or the {{convert|40|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Hirth 2702]].<ref name="KitplanesDec2011" /><ref name="HawkSport">{{cite web|url = http://www.cgsaviation.com/hawksport.htm|title = CGS Hawk "Sport" Single Seat|accessdate = 2009-10-15|last = CGS Aviation|year = n.d.|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090810044650/http://www.cgsaviation.com/hawksport.htm|archive-date = 2009-08-10|url-status = dead}}</ref>
;Hawk Ultra
:Single seat, based on the Classic. The Classic weighed under {{convert|254|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} when introduced, but became heavier as amenities were added  and thus no longer qualified for ''FAR 103''. The Ultra model is a lightened version to comply with the ''FAR 103'' rules. Eight flying in 2011. Standard empty weight {{convert|254|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} with a {{convert|600|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} gross weight. Engines available include the [[two-stroke]] {{convert|40|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Rotax 447]] or the {{convert|35|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Kawasaki 440]].<ref name="KitplanesDec2007" /><ref name="KitplanesDec2011" /><ref name="HawkUltra">{{cite web|url = http://www.cgsaviation.com/hawkultra.htm|title = CGS Hawk 'Classic Ultra'|accessdate = 2009-10-15|last = CGS Aviation|year = n.d.|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090909094901/http://www.cgsaviation.com/hawkultra.htm|archive-date = 2009-09-09|url-status = dead}}</ref>
;AG-Hawk
:No longer in production. 30 reported flying in 1998. Single seat, based on the Arrow and equipped as an [[agricultural aircraft]] for spraying. Standard empty weight {{convert|275|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} with an {{convert|800|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} gross weight. Specified engine was the [[two-stroke]] {{convert|65|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Rotax 582]].<ref name="Aerocrafter" />
===Two seaters===
;Hawk Classic II
:Introduced in 1985 and no longer in production. 290 reported flying in 1998. Two seats in tandem, based on the Classic. Standard empty weight {{convert|340|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} with an {{convert|800|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} gross weight. Engines available included the [[two-stroke]], {{convert|52|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Rotax 503]], {{convert|65|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Rotax 582]], {{convert|55|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Hirth 2703]] and the {{convert|65|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Hirth 2706]].<ref name="Aerocrafter" /><ref name="KitplanesDec1998" />
;Hawk Arrow II
:Two seats in tandem, with the rear seat raised for visibility. Based on the Classic, but with a less sloped windshield, longer nose, larger tail surfaces, flatter floor and reinforced tail boom. Available as a fully assembled US [[Special Light Sport Aircraft]]. It incorporates the semi-symmetrical airfoil and streamlined extruded aluminum wing struts from the Hawk Sport. 186 flying in 2011. Standard empty weight {{convert|420|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} with a {{convert|950|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} gross weight. Engines available include the [[two-stroke]], {{convert|52|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Rotax 503]], {{convert|65|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Rotax 582]], {{convert|55|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Hirth 3202]], {{convert|65|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Hirth 3203]], {{convert|80|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Hirth F30]], {{convert|100|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Hirth 3701]] and the [[four-stroke]] {{convert|60|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[HKS 700E]].<ref name="Aerocrafter" /><ref name="KitplanesDec2007" /><ref name="KitplanesDec1998" /><ref name="Cliche" /><ref name="KitplanesDec2011" /><ref name="HawkIIArrow">{{cite web|url = http://www.cgsaviation.com/twoplacearrow.htm|title = CGS Hawk Arrow Two Seat|accessdate = 2009-10-15|last = CGS Aviation|year = n.d.|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091006044353/http://www.cgsaviation.com/twoplacearrow.htm|archive-date = 2009-10-06|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref name="LSA">{{cite web|url = http://www.cgsaviation.com/SLSA.htm|title = Hawk SLSA & ELSA|accessdate = 19 June 2010|last = CGS Aviation|year = n.d.|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100803002226/http://www.cgsaviation.com/SLSA.htm|archive-date = 3 August 2010|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref name="WDLA15">Tacke, Willi; Marino Boric; et al: ''World Directory of Light Aviation 2015–16'', page 38. Flying Pages Europe SARL, 2015. {{ISSN|1368-485X}}</ref>
<!-- ==Units using this aircraft/Operators (choose)== -->
==Specifications (Classic) ==
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=CGS & Kitplanes<ref name="KitplanesDec2007" /><ref name="KitplanesDec1998" /><ref name="HawkClassic" /><!-- reference -->
|prime units?=imp<!-- imp or kts first for US aircraft, and UK aircraft pre-metrification, met(ric) first for all others. You MUST choose a format, or no specifications will show -->
<!--
General characteristics
-->
|genhide=
|crew=one
|capacity=
|length m=
|length ft=20
|length in=7
|length note=
|span m=
|span ft=28
|span in=10
|span note=
|height m=
|height ft=4
|height in=6
|height note=
|wing area sqm=
|wing area sqft=135
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=
|empty weight kg=
|empty weight lb=310
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight lb=600
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=
|max takeoff weight lb=
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=5 US gallons (19 litres)
|more general=
<!--
Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=[[Rotax 447]]
|eng1 type=[[two-stroke]] twin-cylinder [[aircraft engine]]
|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 hp=40<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 note=
|power original=
|prop blade number=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop name=
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop note=
<!--
Performance
-->
|perfhide=
|max speed kmh=
|max speed mph=
|max speed kts=
|max speed note=
|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed mph=75
|cruise speed kts=
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed mph=35
|stall speed kts=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed mph=100
|never exceed speed kts=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed kmh=
|minimum control speed mph=
|minimum control speed kts=
|minimum control speed note=
|range km=
|range miles=
|range nmi=150
|range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=
|ceiling ft=12500
|ceiling note=
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|glide ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=800
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|sink rate ms=<!-- sailplanes -->
|sink rate ftmin=<!-- sailplanes -->
|sink rate note=
|lift to drag=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading note=
|power/mass=
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|avionics=
}}
==See also==
{{aircontent
<!-- include as many lines are appropriate. additional lines/entries with carriage return. -->
|see also=
|related=<!-- related developments -->
|similar aircraft=
*[[Aero-Works Aerolite 103]]
*[[Beaujon Mach .07]]
*[[Beaujon Enduro]]
*[[Birdman Chinook|Birdman WT-11 Chinook]]
*[[ISON Airbike]]
*[[Spectrum Beaver|Spectrum RX-28 Beaver]]
|lists=<!-- related lists -->
}}
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{Official website|http://www.cgsaviation.com}}
{{CGS Aviation}}
[[Category:CGS Aviation aircraft]]
[[Category:1980s United States ultralight aircraft]]
[[Category:Light-sport aircraft]]
[[Category:Single-engined pusher aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1982]]
[[Category:High-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear]]