View source for CXorf36

{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in humans}}
{{Infobox_gene}}
'''Chromosome X [[open reading frame]] 36''' (CXorf36) is a [[gene]] that in humans encodes a [[protein]] “hypothetical protein LOC79742”. This protein has a function that is not currently very well understood.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CXorf36| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/79742| access-date = 2011-04-28}}</ref><ref name="pmid11944989">{{cite journal |vauthors=Thiselton DL, McDowall J, Brandau O, Ramser J, d'Esposito F, Bhattacharya SS, Ross MT, Hardcastle AJ, Meindl A | title = An integrated, functionally annotated gene map of the DXS8026-ELK1 interval on human Xp11.3-Xp11.23: potential hotspot for neurogenetic disorders| journal = Genomics | volume = 79 | issue = 4 | pages = 560–72 |date=April 2002 | pmid = 11944989 | doi = 10.1006/geno.2002.6733}}</ref> Other known aliases are “FLJ14103, DKFZp313K0825, FLJ55198, PRO3743, FLJ55198, hCG1981635, bA435K1.1,” and “4930578C19Rik.”<ref name="genecards">{{cite web | title = GeneCards: CXorf36 Gene| url = https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=CXorf36&search=CXorf36| access-date = 2011-04-28}}</ref>
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==Gene==
The CXorf36 gene is located at Xp11.3.[[File:Genelocation2.png|thumb|right|The location of the CXorf36 gene on chromosome X]] It can be transcribed into 8 different [[alternative splicing|transcript variants]], which in turn can produce 6 different [[isoforms]] of the protein.<ref name="aceview">{{cite web | title = NCBI AceView: CXorf36| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/IEB/Research/Acembly/av.cgi?c=geneid&org=9606&l=79742| access-date = 2011-04-28}}</ref>
The genomic DNA is 52,529 [[base pair]]s long,<ref name = "entrez" /> while the longest mRNA that it produces is 4,735 bases long.
===Gene Neighborhood===
CXorf36 is closely surrounded by the following genes on chromosome X:<ref name="entrez" />
*DUSP21
*KDM6A
*MIR222
*TBX20
CXorf36 is also surrounded by two other genes on chromosome X that have been implicated in [[X-linked mental retardation]].<ref name="pmid19377476">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tarpey PS, Smith R, Pleasance E, Whibley A, Edkins S, Hardy C, O'Meara S, Latimer C, Dicks E, Menzies A, Stephens P, Blow M, Greenman C, Xue Y, Tyler-Smith C, Thompson D, Gray K, Andrews J, Barthorpe S, Buck G, Cole J, Dunmore R, Jones D, Maddison M, Mironenko T, Turner R, Turrell K, Varian J, West S, Widaa S, Wray P, Teague J, Butler A, Jenkinson A, Jia M, Richardson D, Shepherd R, Wooster R, Tejada MI, Martinez F, Carvill G, Goliath R, de Brouwer AP, van Bokhoven H, Van Esch H, Chelly J, Raynaud M, Ropers HH, Abidi FE, Srivastava AK, Cox J, Luo Y, Mallya U, Moon J, Parnau J, Mohammed S, Tolmie JL, Shoubridge C, Corbett M, Gardner A, Haan E, Rujirabanjerd S, Shaw M, Vandeleur L, Fullston T, Easton DF, Boyle J, Partington M, Hackett A, Field M, Skinner C, Stevenson RE, Bobrow M, Turner G, Schwartz CE, Gecz J, Raymond FL, Futreal PA, Stratton MR | title = A systematic, large-scale resequencing screen of X-chromosome coding exons in mental retardation| journal = Nat. Genet. | volume = 41 | issue = 5 | pages = 535–43 |date=May 2009 | pmid = 19377476 | doi = 10.1038/ng.367| pmc=2872007}}</ref>
*[[Synaptophysin]]
*[[CASK]]
==Protein==
The longest [[protein isoform]] that is produced by the CXorf36 gene is termed hypothetical protein LOC79742 isoform 1 and is 433 [[amino acids]] long.<ref name = "NCBI Protein">{{cite web | title =NCBI Protein: hypothetical protein LOC79742 isoform 1| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_789789.2| access-date = May 10, 2011}}</ref> The protein has a predicated molecular weight of 48.6 kDa and isoelectric point of 8.11.<ref name="Biology Workbench">{{cite web|title=SDSC Biology Workbench |url=http://seqtool.sdsc.edu/CGI/BW.cgi#! |access-date=May 10, 2011 }}{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
===Domains===
The CXorf36 gene protein product contains a region of low complexity from position 16 to position 40.<ref name = "Dotlet">{{cite web | title =MyHits Dotlet| url = http://myhits.isb-sib.ch/cgi-bin/dotlet| access-date = May 10, 2011}}</ref>
===Post-translational Modification===
The CXorf36 protein is predicted to undergo [[phosphorylation]] at several [[serine]]s, [[threonine]]s, and [[tyrosine]]s throughout the structure.<ref name = "NetPhos">{{cite web | title =DTU Center for Biological Sciences, NetPhos| url = http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetPhos/| access-date = May 10, 2011}}</ref> However, many of these sites are predicted at serines. There is also a predicted [[N-linked glycosylation]] site at position 100 on the protein product.<ref name = "NetNGlyc">{{cite web | title =DTU Center for Biological Sciences, NetNGlyc| url = http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetNGlyc/| access-date = May 10, 2011}}</ref>
==Expression==
CXorf36 is shown to be [[gene expression|expressed]] ubiquitously at low levels in various tissues throughout the body. It is expressed highly in the [[ciliary ganglion]], [[ovary]], and uterus corpus. However, highest expression is seen in the trigeminal ganglion tissue.<ref name = "GEO Profiles">{{cite web | title =NCBI GEO Profiles: CXorf36| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/tools/profileGraph.cgi?ID=GDS596:219652_s_at | access-date = May 10, 2011}}</ref>
== Conservation ==
CXorf36 has one [[paralog]] in humans known as [[C3orf58]].<ref name = "KEGG">{{cite web | title = KEGG: C3orf58| url = http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:205428| access-date = May 10, 2011}}</ref> [[Ortholog]]s have been found in all [[mammals]] and through numerous [[eukaryote]]s.<ref name="BLAST">{{cite web | title = NCBI BLAST| url = http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi| access-date = May 9, 2011}}</ref> However, conservation of the full gene halts past this, most likely a result of duplication from the ancestral gene into CXorf36 and C3orf58. The full list of organisms in which orthologs have been found is given below.
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* ''[[Pongo abelii]]''
* ''[[Macaca mulatta]]''
* ''[[Callithrix jacchus]]''
* ''[[Canis familiaris]]''
* ''[[Ailuropoda melanoleuca]]''
* ''[[Equus caballus]]''
* ''[[Oryctolagus cuniculus]]''
* ''[[Mus musculus]]''
* ''[[Rattus norvegicus]]''
* ''[[Monodelphis domestica]]''
* ''[[Ornithorhynchus anatinus]]''
* ''[[Taeniopygia guttata]]''
* ''[[Gallus gallus]]''
* ''[[Danio rerio]]''
* ''[[Bos taurus]]''
{{div col end}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* {{UCSC gene info|CXorf36}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Suzuki Y, Yamashita R, Shirota M |title=Sequence comparison of human and mouse genes reveals a homologous block structure in the promoter regions. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 9 |pages= 1711–8 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15342556 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2435604 |pmc=515316|display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Tarpey PS, Smith R, Pleasance E |title=A systematic, large-scale resequencing screen of X-chromosome coding exons in mental retardation. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=41 |issue= 5 |pages= 535–43 |year= 2009 |pmid= 19377476 |doi= 10.1038/ng.367 |pmc=2872007|display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40–5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 |display-authors=etal|doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Thiselton DL, McDowall J, Brandau O |title=An integrated, functionally annotated gene map of the DXS8026-ELK1 interval on human Xp11.3-Xp11.23: potential hotspot for neurogenetic disorders. |journal=Genomics |volume=79 |issue= 4 |pages= 560–72 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11944989 |doi= 10.1006/geno.2002.6733 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E |title=The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=13 |issue= 10 |pages= 2265–70 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12975309 |doi= 10.1101/gr.1293003 |pmc=403697|display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y |title=Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=16 |issue= 1 |pages= 55–65 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16344560 |doi= 10.1101/gr.4039406 |pmc=1356129|display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 |pmc=139241|bibcode=2002PNAS...9916899M |display-authors=etal|doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Venter JC, Adams MD, Myers EW |title=The sequence of the human genome. |journal=Science |volume=291 |issue= 5507 |pages= 1304–51 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11181995 |doi= 10.1126/science.1058040 |bibcode=2001Sci...291.1304V |display-authors=etal|doi-access= }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Barbe L, Lundberg E, Oksvold P |title=Toward a confocal subcellular atlas of the human proteome. |journal=Mol. Cell. Proteomics |volume=7 |issue= 3 |pages= 499–508 |year= 2008 |pmid= 18029348 |doi= 10.1074/mcp.M700325-MCP200 |display-authors=etal|doi-access=free }}
{{refend}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cxorf36}}
[[Category:Human proteins]]
[[Category:Uncharacterized proteins]]
{{gene-X-stub}}