View source for Captains of the Clouds

{{short description|1942 film by Michael Curtiz}}
{{Infobox film
| name           = Captains of the Clouds
| image          = Captainsoftheclouds1942.jpg
| caption        = Film poster
| producer       = [[Hal B. Wallis]]<br />(executive producer)<br />[[William Cagney]]<br />(associate producer)
| director       = [[Michael Curtiz]]
| screenplay     = [[Arthur T. Horman]],<br />[[Richard Macaulay]],<br />[[Norman Reilly Raine]]
| story          = [[Arthur T. Horman]]<br />Roland Gillett
| starring       = [[James Cagney]]<br />[[Dennis Morgan]]<br />[[Brenda Marshall]]<br />[[Alan Hale (actor, born 1892)|Alan Hale]]<br /> [[George Tobias]]<br /> [[Reginald Gardiner]]<br /> [[Reginald Denny (actor)|Reginald Denny]]
| music          = [[Max Steiner]] (score)<br />[[Harold Arlen]]<br>[[Johnny Mercer]]<br>(title song)
| color_process  = [[Technicolor]]
| cinematography = [[Sol Polito]]<br>[[Wilfrid M. Cline]]
| editing        = [[George Amy]]
| distributor    = [[Warner Bros.]]
| released       = {{Film date|1942|2|12|New York City|1942|2|21|U.S.}}
| runtime        = 114 minutes
| country        = United States
| language       = English
| budget         = $1.77 million<ref name="warners">Warner Bros financial information in The William Schaefer Ledger. See Appendix 1, Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, (1995) 15:sup1, 1-31 p 22 DOI: 10.1080/01439689508604551</ref>
| gross          = $3.4 million<ref name="warners"/><ref>[https://archive.org/stream/variety149-1943-01#page/n57/mode/1up "101 Pix Gross in Millions" ''Variety'' 6 Jan 1943 p 58]</ref>
}}
'''''Captains of the Clouds''''' ({{aka}} '''''Shadows of Their Wings''''') is a 1942 American [[war film]] in [[Technicolor]],  directed by [[Michael Curtiz]] and starring [[James Cagney]]. It was produced by William Cagney (Cagney's brother), with [[Hal B. Wallis]] as executive producer. The [[screenplay]] was written by Arthur T. Horman, Richard Macaulay, and Norman Reilly Raine, based on a story by Horman and Roland Gillett. The cinematography was by Wilfred M. Cline and [[Sol Polito]] and was notable in that it was the first feature-length Hollywood production filmed entirely in Canada.<ref>Barris 2005, pg. 164.</ref>
The film stars [[James Cagney]] and [[Dennis Morgan]] as Canadian pilots who do their part in the [[World War II|Second World War]], and features [[Brenda Marshall]], [[Alan Hale Sr.]], [[George Tobias]], [[Reginald Gardiner]], and [[Reginald Denny (actor)|Reginald Denny]] in supporting roles. The title of the film came from a phrase used by [[Billy Bishop]], the [[World War I|First World War]] [[Flying ace|fighter ace]], who played himself in the film.<ref name=Mackey>Mackey, Doug. [http://www.pastforward.ca/perspectives/august_292003.htm "North Bay's Big Movie - Captains of the Clouds 1941"], pastforward.ca, August 29, 2003.</ref> The same words are also echoed in the narration of ''[[The Lion Has Wings]]'' documentary (1939).
A film on the ongoing Canadian involvement made sense for the American war effort. The film ends with an epilogue chronicling the contributions of the [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] (RCAF) to the making of the film.
{{TOClimit|limit=2}}
==Text in opening credits==
"This picture is respectfully dedicated to the Royal Canadian Air Force....<br>With sincere appreciation of their cooperation and admiration for their abilities and courage...<br>To those student pilots in this picture who are now in actual combat overseas....<br>And most particularly is dedicated to the many in the Service who have trailed the shadows of their wings over the vastness of Canada from the forty-ninth parallel to the Arctic Circle....<br>The Bush Pilots"
==Plot==
Brian MacLean irritates fellow [[bush pilot]]s Johnny Dutton, Tiny Murphy, Blimp Lebec, and British expatriate Scrounger Harris by outcompeting them for business in rugged [[Northern Ontario]], Canada. In 1939, as the Second World War is beginning. Dutton, whose ambition is to start his own airline, flies by the book, but MacLean is a seat-of-the-pants kind of pilot, mirroring the differences in their personalities.
MacLean nearly dies after he falls off one of his plane’s pontoons and strikes his head as he attempts to tie his plane to the dock.  Dutton flies a doctor in to perform emergency surgery and makes a difficult night landing in heavy cloud cover. MacLean is grateful and joins Dutton in a temporary partnership to help Dutton earn the seed fund for his airline. When Dutton rejects MacLean's warning about his girlfriend Emily Foster, MacLean marries her in order to save Dutton from wrecking his life. Dutton, however, does not know this and abruptly ends their friendship. Dutton impulsively gives his savings to charity and enlists in the Royal Canadian Air Force.
[[File:North American NA-64 Yale Canada - Air Force 3416, CNC4 Guelph Airpark, ON, Canada PP1383118077.jpg|right|thumb|The NA-64 Yale flown by Cagney's character]]
[[File:Captains- Bush planes.jpg|thumb|250 px|Among the bush planes that were featured in the production was the [[Noorduyn Norseman]] seen touching down, and the [[Fairchild 71]]C above it]]
[[File:Yale aircraft used by James Cagney in the Movie "Captain of the Clouds".jpg|thumb|Yale aircraft used by Cagney's character. Located in the Air Museum outside of Dunnville, Ontario, Canada.]]
Later, after hearing [[Winston Churchill]]'s "[[We shall fight on the beaches]]" speech on the radio, MacLean and the other bush pilots enlist in the [[Royal Canadian Air Force]], only to discover that they are considered too old for combat. They reluctantly agree to train as flight instructors for the [[British Commonwealth Air Training Plan]]. Their commanding officer is none other than Dutton. MacLean, with his brash and fiercely independent nature, clashes with the military way of doing things, and he is court-martialed and dismissed from the service for flying too low, resulting in a cadet being severely injured. For revenge, he and "Tiny" buzz the airfield when renowned Canadian First World War ace Air Marshal William "Billy" Bishop (playing himself) is speaking during the group's graduation ceremony. "Tiny" blacks out while pulling out of a dive, and his plane plummets into the ground, killing him. MacLean loses his pilot's license as a result.
Later, when two transport aircraft crash, killing all 44 [[ferry pilots]] aboard, there is an urgent need for pilots to ferry a group of unarmed [[Lockheed Hudson]] bombers from [[Gander, Newfoundland and Labrador|Gander]] to Britain. The flight instructors are assigned the task, but their numbers have to be supplemented with civilian pilots. MacLean uses "Tiny" Murphy's papers to participate. Dutton recognizes him, but as Emily has told him why MacLean married (and abandoned) her, they reconcile and Dutton permits him to fly.
Dutton commands a flight of five. Nearing the coast of the British Isles, they are attacked by a German [[Messerschmitt Bf 109]] fighter. First, Blimp Lebec is shot down. Then after Scrounger, MacLean's navigator, is killed, MacLean uses his flying skills to crash his unwieldy bomber into the nimble fighter, sacrificing himself to save the others.
==Cast==
{| class="wikitable" width="50%"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Actor !! Role
|-
| [[James Cagney]] || Brian MacLean
|-
| [[Dennis Morgan]] || Johnny Dutton
|-
| [[Brenda Marshall]] || Emily Foster
|-
| [[Alan Hale (actor, born 1892)|Alan Hale]] || Tiny Murphy
|-
| [[George Tobias]] || Blimp Lebec
|-
| [[Reginald Gardiner]] || Scrounger Harris
|-
| [[Air Marshal W. A. Bishop]] || Himself
|-
| [[Reginald Denny (actor)|Reginald Denny]] || Commanding Officer
|-
| [[Russell Arms]] || Prentiss
|-
| [[Paul Cavanagh]] || Group Captain
|-
| [[Clem Bevans]] || Store-Teeth Morrison
|-
| [[J. M. Kerrigan]] || Foster
|-
| [[J. Farrell MacDonald]] || Dr. Neville
|-
| [[Patrick O'Moore]] || Fyffe
|-
| [[Morton Lowry]] || Carmichael
|-
| S/L O. Cathcart-Jones || Chief Flying Instructor
|-
| [[Frederic Worlock]] || President of Court-Martial
|-
| [[Roland Drew]] || Officer
|-
| Lucia Carroll || Blonde
|-
| [[George Meeker]] || Playboy
|-
| [[Benny Baker]] || Popcorn Kearns
|-
| [[Hardie Albright]] || Kingsley
|-
| [[Ray Walker (actor)|Ray Walker]] || Mason
|-
| [[Charles Halton]] || Nolan
|-
| [[Louis Jean Heydt]] || Provost Marshal
|-
| [[Byron Barr (actor, born 1913)|Byron Barr]]<br>[[Michael Ames (actor)|Michael Ames]] || Student Pilots
|-
| [[Willie Fung]] || Willie
|-
| [[Carl Harbord]] || Blake
|-
| [[Miles Mander]] || Churchill's voice (uncredited)
|}
==Text in end credits==
"Sincere appreciation is expressed to Major the Honourable [[C. G. Power]], P.C., M.C., Minister of National Defence for Air (Canada) and to Air Marshal [[L. S. Breadner]], D.S.C., Chief of the Air Staff, Royal Canadian Air Force, without whose authority and generous co-operation this picture could not have been brought to its splendid conclusion.<br>We also wish to express our thanks to [[Air Marshal Bishop]], V.C., and the other officers and men of the R.C.A.F. who, in the making of this picture, are portrayed in the actual performance of their regular duties."
==Production==
During pre-production, Joseph W. G. Clark, the public relations director of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan, was heavily involved in promoting a film project that was initially identified as "Bush Pilots" based on a script submitted by Canadian screenwriters. With RCAF backing, Hal Wallis and Jack Warner were approached in Hollywood to undertake a "patriotic film." Warner was enthusiastic, and began the task of casting a major star to front the project. After considering [[Raymond Massey]], [[Errol Flynn]], and [[Clark Gable]], the decision was made to cast [[George Brent]], but Warner Bros. was unsure whether he could carry the film.<ref>Dunmore 1994, pp. 264–265.</ref>
Numerous attempts to rewrite the script into a more acceptable form resulted in a final screenplay now titled "Captains of the Clouds". The name was borrowed from a Victory Loans speech given by [[Billy Bishop]]. The only holdup was casting, which was resolved when Warner persuaded its resident "cocky guy" (as producer [[Jerry Wald]] had dubbed him), 42-year-old James Cagney, to take on the lead male role.<ref name="Barris 2005, p. 145">Barris 2005, p. 145.</ref>
This film was Cagney's first in [[Technicolor]]. His participation in the production has been characterized as reluctant, and he accepted only after his brother was taken on as an associate producer. He quipped, "I didn't like this story the last four times I did it and I don't like it now!" and feared that he was immersed in one of his trademark Warner Bros. "[[potboiler]]s", playing a role he had reprised numerous times. However, in certain scenes, Cagney improvised. His loose interpretation is evident in a cabin scene when he is playing against his cronies. Cagney veers off the script, reverting to the cocky persona he had cultivated in countless earlier features.<ref>McElwee, John. [https://www.amazon.com/Captains-Clouds-James-Cagney/dp/B000MTEFWI "Captains of the Clouds (1942) review"], amazon.com. Retrieved October 6, 2011.</ref>
''Captains of the Clouds'' was produced with the full cooperation of the Royal Canadian Air Force to promote enlistment in the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan.<ref name=Mackey /> (It was also intended as a rousing "war preparedness" film for American audiences, but by the time it was released, the U.S. was already at war; nevertheless it did serve as a showcase of the Canadian war effort.) The Warner Bros. principal cast and production crew of over 80 technicians, along with "half a million dollars of colour cinematography equipment," came from Hollywood, crossing into Canada on July 12, 1941.<ref name="Barris 2005, p. 145"/> The film was shot from mid-July to mid-October 1941.<ref>{{AFI film|id=27173|title=Captains of the Clouds}}</ref> Scenes filmed in [[Ottawa]] include several views of the historic [[Chateau Laurier]] hotel, [[Parliament Hill|Parliament]], the former [[Senate of Canada Building|Ottawa Union Station]] and the [[National War Memorial (Canada)|Cenotaph]] area.<ref name=Mackey />
Much of the early footage involved a number of [[bush plane]]s at the Woodcliff Camp on [[Trout Lake (Ontario)|Trout Lake]] in [[North Bay, Ontario]], and nearby Camp Caribou on [[Jumping Cariboo Lake]] in [[Marten River, Ontario]].<ref name="Oriss p. 43">Oriss 1984, p. 43.</ref> The aerial sequences were under the direction of [[Paul Mantz]], a long-time Hollywood stunt pilot, who used a [[Stinson Model A]] trimotor camera ship. MacLean's aircraft, CF-HGO on-screen, was a [[Noorduyn Norseman]] flown by veteran stunt pilot Frank Clarke (who doubled for James Cagney in flying scenes),<ref>Barris 2005, pg. 151.</ref> Johnny Dutton's silver CF-NBP was an actual [[Fairchild 71|Fairchild 71C]] bush plane, {{refn|The actual registration number, CF-ATZ, can be clearly seen under the fictitious registration on the right wing's upper surface.<ref name="cfatz">[https://www.ualberta.ca/EDMONTON/CONTRIB/airmuseum/aamfairchild.htm "Fairchild 71-C."]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}''Alberta Aviation Museum''. Retrieved June 7, 2009.</ref>|group=N}} while Laurentian Air Service's [[Waco Aircraft Company|Waco]] [[Waco Custom Cabin Series|EGC-7]] and [[Waco Custom Cabin Series|AGC-8]] cabin aircraft provided the other float planes.<ref name="Metcalfe-Chenail p. 32">Metcalfe-Chenail 2009, pg. 32.</ref> In addition, there was a Waco CJC, registered as CF-AVW (transformed into CF-JPY in the movie), which belonged to Albert Racicot, a Montreal-based plane dealer and aviation mechanics who, at the time, was also one of the several instructors hired by the Canadian government to train military pilots involved in World War II.
Principal photography did not go well; a number of incidents slowed production.<ref name="Metcalfe-Chenail p. 32"/> One of the huskies that was key to a scene bit Morgan, opening up a gash on his hand. Cagney, in an uncharacteristic move, decided to forgo a stunt double and play the scene himself in which his character is struck by a whirling propeller. At first things proceeded smoothly, but when it came time for him to fall into the lake, he overdid it and suffered a real concussion, putting the 10-day shoot at [[North Bay, Ontario]] farther behind schedule. Weather was a constant challenge, and with the need to ensure continuity, small scenes became unnecessarily complex; as a result, a typical shooting day lasted almost into the night.<ref name="Metcalfe-Chenail p. 32"/> One 30-second scene with all the principals running along the dock took an entire day to complete, with Cagney, Hale, and Tobias barely able to stand at the end of filming.<ref>Dunmore 1994, pg. 269.</ref> With a Hollywood production in their midst, North Bay residents became such a persistent nuisance that the crew reverted to sending messages out of the location site by [[homing pigeon]]s.<ref>Barris 2005, pp. 154–155.</ref> {{refn|Even though it seems unlikely, the secluded location and lack of telephones necessitated the use of homing pigeons obtained locally to send out messages to the other film units.|group=N}}
The military background sequences were shot at RCAF Air Stations at [[CFB Uplands|Uplands]], [[CFB Trenton|Trenton]], [[CFB Shearwater|Dartmouth]], [[RCAF Station Jarvis|Jarvis]], and [[RCAF Station Mountain View|Mountain View]]. The "Wings Parade" (officially the "Presentation of Wings Ceremony") filmed at the No. 2 Service Training School at RCAF Uplands was an actual graduation service for 110 RCAF cadets. It proved to be the most complex scene of the film. Over 100 [[North American T-6 Texan|Harvard]] training aircraft flew overhead in a salute to the graduates.<ref name="Oriss p. 43"/>
The climactic ferry mission was staged out over the Atlantic from [[RCAF Station Dartmouth]] using the base's operational Lockheed Hudson bombers, along with a repainted [[Hawker Hurricane]] that posed as the German Bf 109.{{refn|Hawker Hurricanes were based at RCAF Dartmouth to provide fighter cover for convoys.<ref>Fukuto, Joe. [http://www.acesofww2.com/Canada/aces/NazisOverCanada.htm "Nazis over Canada."] {{webarchive |url=https://archive.today/20130116113712/http://www.acesofww2.com/Canada/aces/NazisOverCanada.htm |date=January 16, 2013 }} AcesofWW2.com. Retrieved October 11, 2012.</ref>|group=N}} Due to the prominent Luftwaffe markings on the RCAF fighter, special alerts had to be posted in order to prevent "trigger-happy" home defence gunners from firing at it.<ref name="Oriss p. 43"/>
==Reception==
Released in an era of patriotic films with overt propaganda themes, ''Captains of the Clouds'' received an enthusiastic public acceptance. Although it was a "Hollywood" production, the film premiered simultaneously on February 21, 1942 in New York, London, Ottawa, [[Cairo]], [[Melbourne]], [[Toronto]], [[Winnipeg]], and [[Vancouver]], with RCAF pilots transporting film copies to all these cities.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0034578/trivia "Captains of the Clouds: Trivia."] ''IMDb.com.'' Retrieved: July 28, 2010.</ref><ref>Oriss 1984, p. 44.</ref> The public reaction can be partly attributed to the plot line that revolved around the unique Canadian wilderness and the bush pilot mystique. "So Full of Spectacle and Glory it Had to be Made in Technicolor!" was the ad copy that was used. The vivid aerial scenes filmed in Technicolor were another aspect of the expensive production that garnered critical attention.{{refn|However, major portions of the film were not shot using Technicolor's cumbersome Three-Strip system but were instead shot using Technicolor's single-strip color system, which was actually an adaptation of Eastman Kodak's Kodachrome Commercial system, a special low-contrast film, but it was intended for three-color photography with 35mm release prints while employing conventional 35mm cameras and crews, not Technicolor cameras and crews. Disney would later employ Kodachrome Commercial for his "[[True Life Adventure]]" series, but 16mm in the Disney case; Kodak was then forbidden from making 35mm single-strip color films for its customers, just as Technicolor was forbidden from making 16mm single-strip color films for its customers, and so prohibition meant that Technicolor had to make 16mm prints on a 35mm base and then reperforate, slit and discard more than 50 percent of that product.|group=N}} Reviews were mixed; while some critics felt the film suffered from a stagey plot and a forced romantic story line, the aerial scenes were considered the film's redeeming feature.<ref>Arnold, Jeremy. [http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title.jsp?stid=3444&category=Articles "Captains of the Clouds (1942) review."] ''Turner Classic Movies''. Retrieved: June 7, 2009.</ref>
A “special preview” was given in Philadelphia’s Earle Theatre on 15 February 1942, which proceeds going to the Philadelphia Inquirer’s 'Build-a-Bomber' fund.<ref>”Cagney Stars in Film Aiding Bomber Fund: Preview of Air Drama Set at Earl on Feb. 15.” Philadelphia Inquirer, 3 February 1942, 14.</ref> The film began regular exhibition in Philadelphia on 18 February, at the city’s Stanley Theatre.<ref>”Captains of the Clouds” Aids Bomber Fund Tonight.” Philadelphia Inquirer, 15 February 1942.</ref>
The [[Chicago Tribune]] wrote: “a fine and inspiring movie….one of the most engrossing and comprehensive representations of a group that has ever been screened. The film is in Technicolor—gorgeous!....for detail, stirring humorous, tragic, you must see the picture….Direction was brilliant and you’ll not soon forget the flying field sequences."<ref>Tinee, Mae. “Fine, Inspiring Film: ‘Captains of the Couds.” Chicago Tribune, 9 April 1942, 23.</ref>
According to Warner Bros. records, the film earned $2,116,000 domestically and $1,312,000 in foreign markets.<ref name="warners"/>
==Oscar nominations==
[[Ted Smith (art director)|Ted Smith]] and [[Casey Roberts]] were nominated for [[Best Art Direction]]- Interior Decoration, Color, and [[Sol Polito]] was nominated for [[Best Color Cinematography]]{{refn|Polito was initially denied entry into Canada because he was an Italian citizen.|group=N}} at the 1943 [[Academy Awards]].<ref>[http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title.jsp?stid=3444 "Captains of the Clouds (awards)."] ''Turner Classic Movies''. Retrieved: June 16, 2010.</ref>
==Music==
The music score is by [[Max Steiner]], and [[Harold Arlen]] wrote the title song (lyrics by [[Johnny Mercer]]), which is used as a march in the film. Later, "Captains of the Clouds" was adopted as an official song of the [[Royal Canadian Air Force]], although its subsequent use has become largely ceremonial.<ref>Jablonski, Edward. ''Harold Arlen: Rhythm, Rainbows, and Blues''. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1996. {{ISBN|1-55553-263-2}}.</ref> The tune is also known for its use in [[Carl Stalling]]'s music scores for various [[Warner Bros. Cartoons]] shorts.
Canada's unofficial national anthem, "[[The Maple Leaf Forever]]", by [[Alexander Muir]], is also heard, as well as "[[O Canada]]", the de facto Canadian anthem since 1939, and official anthem since 1980.
===Recording===
The title song was the B side of a 1942 recording ([[Decca Records|Decca]] 4174) by [[Dick Powell]], with ''[[Over There]]'' as the A side.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Orodenker|first1=M.H.|title=On the Records|agency=Billboard|date=March 7, 1942|page=66}}</ref>
==Aircraft disposition==
Three of the aircraft used in the flying sequences survive: the wreckage of the [[Noorduyn Norseman]] is on display in the [[Canadian Bushplane Heritage Centre]], Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada; the [[Fairchild 71]] is now displayed in the [[Alberta Aviation Museum]], Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;<ref name="Oriss p. 43"/> and the [[North American NA-64 Yale]] is in the [[No.6 RCAF Dunnville Museum]], Dunnville, Ontario, Canada.
==Radio Adaptation==
On 2 February 1942—ahead of the film’s release—NBC presented a radio adaptation on its “Cavalcade of America” program, with Cagney among the cast members.<ref>”Highlights for the Week.” Philadelphia Inquirer, 1 February 1942, 15.</ref>
==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist|group=N}}
===Citations===
{{Reflist|30em}}
===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin}}
* Barris, Ted. ''Behind The Glory: The Plan that Won the Allied Air War''. Markham, Ontario: Thomas Allen & Son Publishers, 2005. {{ISBN|0-88762-212-7}}.
* Dunmore, Spencer. ''Wings For Victory''. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1994. {{ISBN|0-7710-2927-6}}.
* ''Captains of the Clouds'' (DVD). Burbank, California: Warner Home Video, 2007.
* Dolan, Edward F. Jr. ''Hollywood Goes to War''. London: Bison Books, 1985. {{ISBN|0-86124-229-7}}.
* Hardwick, Jack and Ed Schnepf. "A Viewer's Guide to Aviation Movies". ''The Making of the Great Aviation Films'', General Aviation Series, Volume 2, 1989.
* Mauro, Rudy. "Captains of the Clouds: A Half-Century's Perspective on the First Canadian Air Epic." ''Journal of the Canadian Aviation Historical Society'', Vol. 29, No. 2, Summer 1991.
* Mauro, Rudy. "Captains of the Clouds: Filming the Bush Flying Sequences of Canada's First Air Epic." ''Journal of the Canadian Aviation Historical Society'', Vol. 29, No. 3, Fall 1991.
* Mauro, Rudy. "Captains of the Clouds: A Postscript." ''Journal of the Canadian Aviation Historical Society'', Vol. 33, No. 1, Spring 1995.
* Mauro, Rudy. "Recovering the 'Cagney Norseman': Salvaging the Remains of CF-AYO after Four Decades." ''Journal of the Canadian Aviation Historical Society'', Vol. 39, No. 1, Spring 2001.
* Metcalfe-Chenail, Danielle. ''For the Love of Flying: The Story of Laurentian Air Services''. Montreal: Robin Brass Studio, 2009. {{ISBN|978-1-896941-57-8}}.
* Orriss, Bruce. ''When Hollywood Ruled the Skies: The Aviation Film Classics of World War II''. Hawthorne, California: Aero Associates Inc., 1984. {{ISBN|0-9613088-0-X}}.
{{Refend}}
==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0034578|title=Captains of the Clouds}}
* {{TCMDb title|id=3444|title=Captains of the Clouds}}
* {{AllMovie title|8137|title=Captains of the Clouds}}
* {{AFI film|27173}}
* {{Rotten-tomatoes|title=Captains of the Clouds}}
* [http://impdb.org/index.php?title=Captains_of_the_Clouds Entry at impdb.org]
* [http://www.airliners.net/open.file?id=1171287 An actual aircraft used in the movie]
* [http://www.pastforward.ca/perspectives/august_292003.htm North Bay's Big Movie - Captains of the Clouds 1941]
{{Michael Curtiz}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Captains Of The Clouds}}
[[Category:1942 films]]
[[Category:1940s English-language films]]
[[Category:1940s war films]]
[[Category:American aviation films]]
[[Category:American war films]]
[[Category:Canadian Armed Forces in films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Michael Curtiz]]
[[Category:Films scored by Max Steiner]]
[[Category:Films set in Northern Ontario]]
[[Category:Films shot in Alberta]]
[[Category:Films shot in Nova Scotia]]
[[Category:Films shot in North Bay, Ontario]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ottawa]]
[[Category:Warner Bros. films]]
[[Category:World War II aviation films]]
[[Category:World War II films made in wartime]]
[[Category:English-language war films]]