View source for Carl Jaenisch

{{Short description|Finnish and Russian chess player and theorist (1813–1872)}}
[[Image:Яниш Карл Андреевич.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Carl Jaenisch, 1871 illustration]]
'''Carl Ferdinand von Jaenisch'''<ref>[https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XB6Q-H9S "Finland Baptisms, 1657-1890" database], ''FamilySearch'', 7 December 2014. {{registration required}} "Carl Ferdinand Jaenisch, 20 Apr 1813"; citing Church of Finland; FHL microfilm 55,715.</ref><ref>An obituary in [https://books.google.com/books?id=s9dSAAAAcAAJ ''Deutsche Schachzeitung''], September 1872, gives Friedrich as his middle name, and this has been widely copied.</ref> ({{langx|ru|Карл Андреевич Яниш|Karl Andreyevich Yanish}}; April 11, 1813 &ndash; March 7, 1872) was a Finnish and Russian [[chess]] player and theorist. In the 1840s, he was among the top players in the world.<ref name=ChiccoPorreca>Adriano Chicco, Giorgio Porreca, ''Dizionario enciclopedico degli scacchi'', Milan: Mursia, 1971 {{in lang|it}}</ref>
==Life and career==
Born in [[Vyborg]], he began a military career in Finland, but soon moved to [[Saint Petersburg]] to teach [[Classical mechanics|rational mechanics]]. He dedicated his life to mathematics and chess, two subjects which he considered closely related. He tried to show their connections in his work ''Découvertes sur le cavalier (aux échecs)'', published in Saint Petersburg in 1837.<ref>{{cite web |year=1837 |title=Découvertes sur le cavalier (aux échecs) |url=https://archive.org/details/dcouvertessurle00jaengoog |publisher=Imprimerie de C. Wienhoeber}}</ref>
In 1842–43, he published a book on the [[chess opening|openings]] in two volumes: ''Analyse Nouvelle des ouvertures''. In 1862–63, he published his major work: ''Traité des applications de l'analyse mathématique au jeu des échecs'', in three volumes.
He wanted to take part in the [[London 1851 chess tournament]], but arrived late and instead played a match with [[Howard Staunton]], which he lost +2–7=1. Three years later, he also lost to [[Ilya Shumov]] (+3–5=4).<ref name=ChiccoPorreca />
==Legacy==
{{algebraic notation|pos=secright}}
Jaenisch is best remembered for having analysed and helped develop [[Petrov's Defence]] with [[Alexander Petrov (chess player)|Alexander Petrov]], and for his work on the [[Ruy Lopez#Schliemann Defence|Schliemann–Jaenisch Gambit]] of the [[Ruy Lopez]], which begins 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 f5!?
The postmodern gambit 1.c4 b5!? is the Jaenisch Gambit,<ref>{{Cite web|title=A10: English, Jaenisch gambit - 1. c4 b5 - Chess Opening explorer|url=https://www.365chess.com/opening.php?m=3&n=887&ms=c4.b5&ns=15.887|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009043014/http://www.365chess.com/opening.php?m=3&n=887&ms=c4.b5&ns=15.887 |archive-date=2012-10-09 |access-date=2021-01-27|website=365Chess.com}}</ref> but while Jaenisch mentioned this move, he did not advocate it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tP1dAAAAcAAJ&q=Jaenisch+Salvio&pg=PR1|title=Jaenisch's Chess Preceptor: A New Analysis of the Openings of Games|location=London|year=1847|translator=George Walker|page=29|orig-date=original in French, 1843|last1=De Jaenisch|first1=C. F.}}</ref>
Staunton was most upset at his death in 1872, writing to [[Tassilo von Heydebrand und der Lasa]] in November of that year: <blockquote>I was sorry to lose [[William Lewis (chess player)|Lewis]] and [[Pierre Charles Fournier de Saint-Amant|St. Amant]], my dear friends Bolton and Sir T. Madden, and others of whom we have been deprived, but for Jaenisch I entertained a particular affection, and his loss was proportionately painful to me. He was truly an amiable and an upright man.<ref>[http://www.chesscafe.com/text/kibitz49.txt The Kibitzer by Tim Harding], ''[[ChessCafe.com]]'' {{subscription required}}</ref></blockquote>
After Jaenisch's death, a scholarship fund in his honor, which survives to this day, was established by his sister.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.helsinki.fi/sv/donera/fonder-och-insamlingar-du-kan-stoda/jubileumsfonden|title=Jubileumsfonden|website=Helsingfors universitet|language=sv|quote=Grundar sig på friherrinna Amalie Boijes (f. Jaenisch) donation 1873 samt testamentdonation 1879. Fonden inrättades till minne av Boijes bror Carl Ferdinand Jaenisch och ur den beviljas stipendier till mindre bemedlade men lovande elever från lyceet i Åbo och Viborg som antagits till universitetet.|trans-quote=Based on a donation of Baroness Amalie Boijes (née Jaenisch) in 1873 and bequest in 1879. The Fund was established in memory of Boijes's brother Carl Ferdinand Jaenisch and is for the granting of scholarships to needy but promising students from the lyceums of Turku and Vyborg admitted to the university.}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==External links==
* {{chessgames player|id=79700}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:1813 births]]
[[Category:1872 deaths]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Vyborg]]
[[Category:People from Viipuri Province (Grand Duchy of Finland)]]
[[Category:Chess players from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Chess theoreticians]]
[[Category:19th-century chess players]]