View source for Carmen Casco de Lara Castro

{{Short description|Paraguayan politician and activist (1918–1993)}}
{{good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{family name hatnote|Casco|Miranda|lang=Spanish}}
{{Infobox person
| name          = Carmen Casco de Lara Castro
| image         = Carmen Casco de Lara Castro.jpg
| alt           = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->
| caption       =
| birth_name    = Carmen Elida de Jesus Casco Miranda
| birth_date    = {{Birth date|1918|06|17|df=y}}
| birth_place   = [[Paraguay]]
| death_date    = {{Death date and age|1993|05|08|1918|06|17|df=y}}
| death_place   = [[Asunción]], Paraguay
| nationality   = <!-- use only when necessary per [[WP:INFONAT]] -->
| other_names   = {{cslist|Coca de Lara Castro|Carmen de Lara Castro}}
| occupation    = {{cslist|Educator|politician|[[human rights advocate]]}}
| years_active  = 1939–1993
| known_for     = Establishing one of the first independent human rights investigatory organizations in Latin America
| notable_works =
}}
'''Carmen Casco de Lara Castro''' (17 June 1918 – 8 May 1993) was a Paraguayan teacher, women's and [[human rights advocate]], and politician. She established one of the first independent human rights organizations in Latin America and fought for both women's equality and an end to [[state-sponsored terrorism]] under the dictatorship of [[Alfredo Stroessner]]. She was influential in passing legislation for pay equity and maternity rights, as well as securing the repeal of laws curtailing basic human rights.
Born into an influential family, Casco was educated as a teacher and taught from the end of the 1930s to 1965. Having relatives sent into exile and witnessing the devastation of two wars, she was propelled into working to alleviate the suffering of those who were more marginalized than she. Initially she began working on issues involving women and political prisoners. When elected to serve on the 1967 Constitutional Assembly, she worked to have basic human rights added to the [[Constitution of Paraguay|Paraguayan Constitution]]. One of the founders of the Commission for the Defense of Human Rights of Paraguay, she became its president and served in that capacity until her death. Unable to prosecute those who abused others' liberties, the organization focused on providing aid to victims but also compiled information on those who had been [[Forced disappearance|forcibly "disappeared"]].
Elected as a member of the [[Chamber of Deputies of Paraguay|Chamber of Deputies]] in 1968, Casco was an outspoken opponent of the dictatorial regime and was the target of state surveillance, imprisonment and intimidation. She served until 1977, when she resigned in protest to an amendment of the Constitution which allowed Stroessner unlimited terms as president. She was one of the parties involved in securing the release of political prisoners from the Ambush Concentration Camp. Throughout the 1980s, she traveled extensively trying to make the international community aware of human rights abuses in Paraguay so that they could apply pressure on the government to end reprisals against citizens. When Stroessner was ousted in 1989, she was elected as a [[Senate of Paraguay|Senator]], serving in that capacity for the rest of her life. In 1992, when the archives of the Central Police Department of Investigations, known as the ''Terror Files'', were unearthed, she became president of the Senate investigation into the records. The commission discovered that the Technical Affairs Department of the Ministry of the Interior was still operating and shut it down. That same year, she was honored by the United Nations for her contributions to human rights and humanity.
Casco died in 1993 and is remembered for her record of defending human rights. Schools and monuments in Paraguay bear her name, and her likeness adorns a stamp issued by the Paraguayan government in 2000.
==Early life==
Carmen Elida de Jesus Casco Miranda was born on 17 June 1918 in [[Paraguay]] to Lídia Miranda Cueto and Fermín Casco Espínoza. She was baptized on 6 August 1918 in [[Asunción]].{{sfn|Paraguayan Catholic Parrish Registry|1918|p=630}}{{#tag:ref|The year of birth is given in some records as 1919{{sfn|''Última Hora''|2013}}{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=47}} and her place of birth is listed as [[Concepción, Paraguay|Concepción]].{{sfn|''Última Hora''|2013}} Silva states that the family history indicates Casco was born in Asunción at ''La Casa Cueto Alvarenga'', a part of a former [[monastery|Convento de San Francisco]], which at the time was the home of her uncle, José Félix Estigarribia.{{sfn|Silva|2016|pp=45–47}}{{sfn|Gulino|2011}}|group="Notes"}} Her father made a military career in the Paraguayan army and fought in the [[Chaco War]].{{sfn|Silva|2016|pp=47, 49}} Her mother's sister, Julia Miranda Cueto, was married to the military hero and later [[President of Paraguay]], [[José Félix Estigarribia]].{{sfn|Portal Guarani|2015}}{{sfn|Silva|2016|pp=45–47}} One of seven children, she had four sisters and two brothers.{{sfn|Portal Guarani|2015}} Casco's family was well-known, of aristocratic background, and had high social and political standing.{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=168}}
Casco attended primary school at Colegio María Auxiliadora in Asunción and went on to study to be a teacher at La Providencia College.{{sfn|Portal Guarani|2015}} During her schooling, the Chaco War broke out, and though there was no fighting in Asunción, the family could not help but be affected since her father and uncle were both involved in the war. The ensuing [[February Revolution (Paraguay)|political upheavals]], sent her uncle Estigarribia, with whom her family were close, into exile.{{sfn|Portal Guarani|2015}}{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=51}}{{sfn|Bethell|1991|p=234}} Her schooling included study of both French and [[Guarani language]]s, as well as the typical religious education.{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=52}}
==Early career and family==
Casco began her career teaching [[civics]] and French at the College La Providencia and [[Normal school|Normal School #3]]. She also taught at the Lyceum San Carlos.{{sfn|''Última Hora''|2013}} In 1940, Casco married Mariano Luís Lara Castro, who had been a soldier in the Chaco Wars,{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=52}} a lawyer and professor at the [[Universidad Católica "Nuestra Señora de la Asunción"|Catholic University of Asunción]].{{sfn|''Última Hora''|2013}}{{sfn|Portal Guarani|2015}}{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=141}} Lara's father was Ramón Lara Castro, a journalist, president of the Paraguayan Institute of Historical Investigations and at one time served as the country's Minister of Foreign Affairs in Brazil.{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=63}} That same year, her uncle Estigarribia, who at the time was President of Paraguay was killed in an airplane crash, throwing the country into chaos.{{sfn|''The Arizona Republic''|1940|p=1}}{{sfn|''The St. Louis Post-Dispatch''|1940|p=25}} Both Casco and her husband adhered to the [[Liberal Party (Paraguay)|Liberal Party]], even after it was banned by Estigarribia's successor, [[Higinio Morínigo]].{{sfn|Portal Guarani|2015}} Morínigo, the only candidate on the 1943 ballot, ruled as an authoritarian president through persecution and banishment. Opposition resulted in the [[Paraguayan Civil War (1947)|Paraguayan Civil War]].{{sfn|Silva|2016|pp=55–56}} When it ended in 1947, Casco became involved with helping political prisoners,{{sfn|''Última Hora''|2013}} as almost all of her maternal family had been exiled to [[Argentina]] and her paternal family lost all their property in Asunción.{{sfn|Silva|2016|pp=58–59}} Her husband was also forced into exile, living briefly in Argentina and [[Uruguay]], before his return to Paraguay in October 1947.{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=62}} Casco did not accompany him, as she was near the end of her third pregnancy and remained in Asunción alone with her sons Luis (born 1942){{sfn|Paraguayan Catholic Parrish Registry|1942|p=80}} and Jorge (born 1945).{{sfn|Paraguayan Catholic Parrish Registry|1945|p=179}} Fernando (born 1948), was born soon after the Civil War ended{{sfn|Silva|2016|pp=62–63}}{{sfn|Paraguayan Catholic Parrish Registry|1948|p=110}} and was followed by three more sons:{{sfn|Portal Guarani|2015}} José (born 1953),{{sfn|Paraguayan Catholic Parrish Registry|1953|p=288}} Fermín (born 1956),{{sfn|Paraguayan Catholic Parrish Registry|1956|p=32}} and Martín (born 1960).{{sfn|Paraguayan Catholic Parrish Registry|1960|p=73}} After both the Chaco War and the Civil War, her family lost their property and were sent into exile, leading Casco to become involved in [[human rights]].{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=65}}
==Women's and human rights work==
By her own account, Casco began working with women's groups around 1946, mainly because she had the support of her brother Adolfo. While as a woman she had no real political power, she felt she had been less marginalized than others.{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=85}} Initially, women helped each other with social service needs, but in 1953, she and other professional women founded the ''Intituto Cultural de Amparo a la Mujer'' (Cultural Institute of Refuge for Women).{{sfn|Silva|2016|pp=89–90}}{{#tag:ref|Most histories of Cacso omit this earlier entity,{{sfn|''Última Hora''|2013}}{{sfn|Portal Guarani|2015}} citing only the 1962 reorganization. Silva notes that an article appeared in ''[[La Tribuna (Paraguay)|La Tribuna]]'' stating that as of 7 November 1956 by order of the Ministry of the Interior all activity of the Cultural Institute of Refuge for Women was suspended, that their documents should be seized and that sanctions for engaging in illegal activities were pending against the group's members.{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=92}}|group="Notes"}} Made up primarily of teachers, with a few doctors and lawyers, their objective was to counsel women and assist them in overcoming societal impediments, such as poor pay, discrimination, poverty, lack of health care, though at times they provided material support. They also attempted to refer women to other benevolent associations that might be able to help them.{{sfn|Portal Guarani|2015}}{{sfn|Silva|2016|pp=89–90}} In 1954, a [[1954 Paraguayan coup d'etat|coup d'etat]] brought the [[dictator]] [[Alfredo Stroessner]] to power and within two years, he issued a decree banning the Institute and placing the women who organized it on lists of suspicious persons.{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=92}} The group did not disband, but instead transformed into the Women's Department of the Liberal Party,{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=93}} though in fact, the Liberal Party was still an illegal organization, as the one-party state was limited to the [[Colorado Party (Paraguay)|Colorado Party]].{{sfn|Bruneau|1990|p=Opposition Parties}} Women were not allowed to run for office or participate in any decision-making process. Instead they performed benevolent works, visiting prisoners, raising money, hosting meetings and providing food for functions.{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=138}}
The 1960s in Paraguay were characterized by repressive violence, armed attacks by soldiers and reprisals by guerrillas, which led to hundreds of deaths and imprisonment of political [[dissident]]s.{{sfn|Portal Guarani|2015}} Alternating waves of violence and conciliation served to strengthen fear and consolidate presidential power.{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=102}} In fact, [[women's suffrage]] was not achieved in Paraguay until 1961, and was not granted by means of women's agitation,{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=81}} as all forms of dissent were punished and democratization was extinguished.{{sfn|Gunson|2006}} Rather, enfranchisement was granted because President Stroessner wanted to bolster his support with women who might influence voters.{{sfn|Przeworski|Shin|Xi|2013|p=22}} As early as 1962, together with María Campos Cervera, María Elena de Pérez, Mary del Pino, and Beatriz Méndez de Prieto, Casco established another organization they called ''Amparo a la Mujer'' (Refuge for Women) to continue the work they had begun in 1953.{{sfn|Portal Guarani|2015}}{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=93}}{{sfn|Casal|Whigham|2014|p=215}} In 1963, a women's journal, ''Cuñatai'', was launched, facilitating participation of women in the political arena, with Casco serving as the director. The journal survived for a year and a half.{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=94}} During all this time, Casco had continued teaching in various schools in Asunción, but in 1965 she stopped teaching and turned her focus to politics.{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=140}}
In 1965, Casco became the president of the ''Primero Congreso Feminino liberal'' (First Liberal Feminist Congress) in which both women and men discussed women's civil and political roles in Paraguayan society. They addressed women's education, employment, and civic and social issues.{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=99}} In 1966, a new [[Constitution of Paraguay#Constitution of 1967|Constitution]] was proposed; Casco ran and was elected to the [[1967 Paraguayan Constitutional Assembly election|Constitutional Assembly]].{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=104}} Although she was a member of the Liberal Party, her election was facilitated by her family connections, her involvement in human rights, and her support for both [[Conservative liberalism|conservative]] and [[Anti-communism|anti-communist]] views.{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=107}} Replacing the [[Constitution of Paraguay#Constitution of 1940|Constitution of 1940]], the new Constitution was notable in that it had provisions for protecting human rights,{{sfn|Portal Guarani|2015}} including banning denial of ''[[habeas corpus]]'' and protections from mistreatment or torture.{{sfn|Nickson|2015|p=165}} It also allowed for political opposition to re-emerge, prompting several former political leaders to return from exile,{{sfn|The Chicago Tribune|1967|p=15}} and protected individual rights, including the freedoms of association and movement.{{sfn|Nickson|2015|p=165}} However, to gain those provisions delegates had to continue the executive authority over both the legislative and judicial branches of government and grant President Stroessner the ability to hold two additional five-year terms as president.{{sfn|Nickson|2015|pp=165–166}} [[File:Alfredo Stroessner at desk.jpg|thumb|President Alfredo Stroessner]]
On 17 June 1967, Casco, [[Jerónimo Irala Burgos]], [[Luís Alfonso Resck]], and others founded the ''[[Comisión de Defensa de los Derechos Humanos del Paraguay]]'' (Commission for the Defense of Human Rights of Paraguay),{{sfn|Portal Guarani|2015}}{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=143}} "one of the first independent human rights organizations in [[Latin America]]".{{sfn|Lambert|Nickson|2012|p=290}} It was founded on Casco's forty-ninth birthday, a date which may have been chosen because it would not have raised suspicions.{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=145}} The Commission did not have much support at its inception and was viewed as subversive by the autocratic regime;{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=144}} however, it was created as part of the Constitutional revision.{{sfn|Portal Guarani|2015}} Casco was elected as the first president of the Commission{{sfn|''Última Hora''|2013}} and strictly adhered to the belief that all people were born equal and had the same rights, regardless of ideology, or differences in their economic, political, religious, or social status.{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=148}} During the Stroessner era, fear of reprisal curtailed the reporting of many human rights abuses. The few cases which were reported were often obstructed by the court system, which Stroessner controlled.{{sfn|Nickson|2015|p=300}} For many years, the Commission was the only human rights organization in the country which denounced the violence of the regime and attempted to assist political prisoners.{{sfn|Nickson|2015|p=153}} To outside observers, the Commission appeared to be an ineffective, opposition party organ designed to denounce the government,{{sfn|Inter-American Commission on Human Rights|1979}} but records in the ''Terror Files'' and memories of prisoners and their families report that Casco regularly helped families find lost members, placing notices of missing persons in newspapers (which also kept the public informed of frequent kidnappings) while denouncing state-sponsored terrorism thanks to her position on the [[Congress of Paraguay]].{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=166}}{{sfn|Tarnowski|1977|p=152}} She was assisted in these tasks by numerous men and women, who were willing to help if they could remain in the background.{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=223}} Under the guise of delivering food, these helpers, usually women, gathered information.{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=224}}
==Public service career==
[[File:Asuncion Cabildo.JPG|thumb|Chamber of Deputies, Asunción, Paraguay]]
Casco was elected as a [[Chamber of Deputies of Paraguay|National Deputy]] for the [[Radical Liberal Party (Paraguay)|Radical Liberal Party]] in 1968,{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=122}} along with two women from the Colorado Party{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=134}} and re-elected in 1973,{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=122}} when two new female Deputies, Leonidas Paez de Virgilli and Ligia Prieto Centurión, were also elected.{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=134}} Almost immediately she began working to improve the situation of prisoners. At the time, prisoners were held in cells which had no beds or mattresses, no toilets, and were provided with no food. She demanded that the conditions improve and that all political prisoners be released. Simultaneously, through the Commission, she met regularly with prisoners' families and provided them with material and moral support.{{sfn|Portal Guarani|2015}} Her outspokenness resulted in constant harassment, physical abuse from government operatives, repeated arrests, and vilification in the press.{{sfn|Lambert|Nickson|2012|p=290}}{{sfn|Tarnowski|1977|p=152}} Two of her sons, as well as one of her brothers and a brother-in-law, were also arrested and tortured.{{sfn|Tarnowski|1977|p=152}}{{sfn|Lambert|Nickson|2012|p=292}}{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=218}}{{sfn|Steif|1989}} Her mail was monitored, her telephone was [[Telephone tapping|tapped]], and she was unable to obtain a passport. If she traveled abroad, she had to obtain [[Travel document|international documents]] to do so.{{sfn|Whitefield|1985|p=4}} She successfully worked on legislation that would provide women with equal pay and maternity rights.{{sfn|Portal Guarani|2015}} In 1974, she submitted a bill to authorize  24 February as the ''Dia de la Mujer Paraguaya'' (Day of the Paraguayan Woman) to celebrate the contributions of women to the [[Triple Alliance War]], when they donated their jewels to fund the defense of the country and war expenses.{{sfn|Silva|2016|pp=122–123}} The date was chosen  by historian [[Idalia Flores de Zarza]] in recognition of the date when the women of Asunción hosted the First Assembly of Women of the Americas.{{sfn|Palacios|2015}}
{{quote box|width=30em|bgcolor=#F2BDCD|align=right|quote="I speak to you as a parliamentarian and also as a mother who has suffered pain. We have a beautiful country, with verdant forests and crystal-clear rivers and streams. It is a paradise, but we need to add to its material progress a concern for the human problem. Let us turn it into a country without political prisoners, where justice will reign so fairly that it will shelter everyone, without the cancer of torture carried out by men who get drunk on another person's pain, as if they had taken drugs. With Christian love we should put an end to hate if we don't want it to have power over Paraguayans. May God grant that violence finds no inspiration in Paraguay. We must combat treasonous assaults in our country with justice and not with violence".|source=—Carmen de Lara Castro, 15 December 1977 resignation speech to the Members of the Congress of Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay.{{sfn|Lambert|Nickson|2012|p=293}} }}
In 1977, when President Stroessner called for another [[1977 Paraguayan Constitutional Assembly election|Constitutional Assembly]] to allow indefinite re-election for the Paraguayan Presidency, Casco formed a protest by inviting leaders of the various liberal parties to unite in opposition to the regime.{{sfn|Portal Guarani|2015}}{{sfn|Gunson|Thompson|Chamberlain|2015|p=153}} When they failed to form a coalition, she urged them to boycott the election and resigned her seat as a Deputy.{{sfn|Lambert|Nickson|2012|p=290}} In 1978, Casco joined with Carlos Alberto González, [[Domingo Laíno]], [[Miguel Ángel Martínez Yaryes]] and others to form the [[Authentic Radical Liberal Party]].{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=169}} The same year, in celebration of the 30th anniversary of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]], she organized and hosted the First Congress of Human Rights. The conference was held in the ''fonoplatea'' (live studio) of {{ill|Radio Caritas|es|Radio Caritas AM 680}}, despite its being prohibited by the regime.{{sfn|''Última Hora''|2013}}{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=175}} The event was attended by over 400 people; according to the police dossier on the event, there were many international participants.{{sfn|Silva|2016|pp=175–176}}
Around the same time, she began working with activists from the Juventud Paraguaya por los Derechos Humanos (JPDH) (Paraguayan Youth for Human Rights) organization. JPDH aimed to free all political prisoners by Christmas 1978, especially those held in the Emboscada Campo de Concentración (Ambush Concentration Camp), which included such figures as Alfredo Alcorta, {{ill|Antonio Maidana|es}}, and {{ill|Julio Rojas|es|Julio Rojas (político)}}, members of the [[Paraguayan Communist Party]], who had been arrested for their actions during the [[1958 Paraguayan general strike]].{{sfn|Portal Guarani|2015}}{{sfn|Silva|2016|pp=197–198}} Combining their skills, Casco and Resck used international pressure, and Roberto Paredes led a raid by the JPDH on the [[Palacio de los López]], to force the closure of the camp.{{sfn|Silva|2016|pp=200–201}} The two groups worked together, though some members of the JPDH thought the privilege accorded to Casco because of her family position made her both less willing to take risks and unable to relate to issues of the masses;{{sfn|Silva|2016|pp=202–203}} conversely, she felt that the subversive ideologies of the radicals within JPDH would undermine the work of the Commission.{{sfn|Silva|2016|pp=205–206}}
Though there was no immediate reaction from the government to these actions, in 1979, Casco was exiled from the Radical Liberal Party, brought before the judge of the [[Trial court|Criminal Court of First Instance]] and denounced by the government. Despite these attempts to intimidate her,{{sfn|Inter-American Commission on Human Rights|1979}} Casco was unrepentant, hosting two additional Human Rights Congresses during the dictatorship in 1982 and 1987.{{sfn|Silva|2016|p=212}} She regularly participated in the [[Inter-American Commission on Human Rights]] review process and on more than one occasion was personally the subject of concern for having her rights violated.{{sfn|Inter-American Commission on Human Rights|1979}}{{sfn|Inter-American Commission on Human Rights|1987}} Casco also began traveling internationally in the 1980s, attending conferences on human rights. In 1980, she traveled to [[London]] at the invitation of [[Liberal International]] to discuss human rights in her country.{{sfn|Bourne|1980|p=7}} She was arrested in 1981 after returning from a trip to Germany and again in 1988 when returning from a trip to Spain. It was alleged that she had taken part in a march, ''La Convergência  Nacional  por  Los  Derechos  Humanos'' (The National Convergence for Human Rights), held to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, but in reality, she was arrested in the airport returning from Europe.{{sfn|Silva|2016|pp=246–248}} Stroessner was finally overthrown by a [[coup d'etat]] led by [[Andrés Rodríguez (politician)|Andrés Rodríguez]] in 1989 and in the election which followed Casco was elected to serve in the [[Senate of Paraguay|Senate]].{{sfn|Portal Guarani|2015}}{{sfn|''The Marshfield News-Herald''|1989|p=7}} She introduced measures to repeal Laws 209,{{sfn|Portal Guarani|2015}} the ''Law for Defense of the Public Peace and Personal Freedom'' which made dissent or fostering dissent a crime, and 294, the ''Law for the Defense of Democracy'' which outlawed communism and armed rebellion against the government.{{sfn|Portal Guarani|2015}}{{sfn|Lambert|Nickson|2016|p=13}}{{sfn|Inter-American Commission on Human Rights|1987}}
In December 1992, the archives of Stroessner's organized human rights abuses, known as the ''Terror Files'' were uncovered. Contained in the collection of documents created by the Departmento de Investigaciones del la Policia Central (DIPC) (Central Police Department of Investigations), were detailed records on [[forced disappearance]]s,  [[kidnappings]], murder, political prisoners, surveillance, and torture. The records provided documentation that regular reports of the activity of the DIPC were submitted to the president and that Paraguay had participated in [[Operation Condor]], a network of South American countries which clandestinely exchanged political prisoners.{{sfn|Nickson|2015|p=300}} On 23 December 1992, the day following their discovery, Casco formed a parliamentary delegation to investigate the evidence found. Elected to serve as president of the Senate's Human Rights Commission, the delegation discovered that the Technical Affairs Department of the Ministry of the Interior was still operating an illegal detention center under the direction of [[Antonio Campos Alum]] and took steps to shut down the operation of [[state terrorism]].{{sfn|''Última Hora''|2013}}{{sfn|''ABC Color''|2012}} She was honored by the [[United Nations]] for her contributions to human rights and humanity in 1992, along with her husband.{{sfn|Portal Guarani|2015}}{{sfn|López Moreira|Barreto|Bosio|2013|p=45}}
==Death and legacy==
In April 1993, suffering from complications of [[diabetes]], Casco entered the hospital in Asunción, where she died on 8 May 1993. After her remains were laid in state at the National Congress, she was buried in the cemetery at [[Recoleta (Asunción)|Recoleta]].{{sfn|Portal Guarani|2015}} In 2000, a commemorative stamp was issued by the Paraguayan Government bearing her likeness and honoring her commitment to women's rights.{{sfn|Kloetzel|2002|p=130}} A high school, Colegio Nacional Doña Carmen Casco de Lara Castro, [[San Pedro, Paraguay]] was named in her honor, as was a technical college in the city of [[Itauguá]].{{sfn|''Noticias de Gobernación del Departamento Central''|2015}} There is a street in [[Encarnación, Paraguay|Encarnación]] which bears her name.{{sfn|Ministry of Finance|2008}} In 2006, a tribute was held to her memory in the Carmen Casco de Lara Castro Square of the [[San Pablo (Asunción)|San Pablo neighborhood]] in Asunción.{{sfn|''ABC Color''|2006}} This square had formerly been named after Stroessner and was renamed when a bill to remove honors bestowed upon him was passed by the legislature.{{sfn|''EFE''|2016}} Casco has been recognized with programs recognizing her work for Paraguay's Human Rights Week,{{sfn|Ecocultura TV|2013}} Paraguayan Women's Day,{{sfn|López|2011}} and [[International Women's Day]].{{sfn|Paraguay News Portal|2013}}
Scholarship from Argentina, Brazil and France has evaluated the importance of her career in the development of women's agency, human rights and emerging democracy after the dictatorship in Paraguay. Comparisons between her experiences in Paraguay and those of other leading women figures in other countries, who also emerged from dictatorships, give insight into how upper and middle-class women were able to take the lead in attaining rights in their countries.{{sfn|Silva|2016}}{{sfn|Silva|2013}}{{sfn|Silva|2014}}{{sfn|Soler|2007|pp=435–465}}
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=Notes}}
== References ==
===Citations===
{{Reflist|30em}}
===Bibliography===
{{refbegin|30em}}
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*{{cite news|last1=Bourne|first1=Richard|title=European mission to expose tyranny at home|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=24 September 1980|location=London, England|page=7|via = [[Newspapers.com]]}}
*{{cite book|last1=Bruneau|first1=Thomas C.|editor1-last=Hanratty|editor1-first=Dennis Michael|editor2-last=Meditz|editor2-first=Sandra W.|title=A Country Study: Paraguay|date=1990|publisher=Federal Research Division, Library of Congress|location=Washington, D. C.|oclc=21401969|edition=2nd|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+py0098)|access-date=9 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109061000/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID+py0098%29|archive-date=9 January 2009|chapter=Chapter 4 – Government and Politics: Opposition Parties|url-status=dead}}
*{{cite book|last1=Casal|first1=Juan Manuel|last2=Whigham|first2=Thomas L.|title=Paraguay: Investigaciones de historia social y política: Actas de las III Jornadas Internacionales de Historia del Paraguay en la Universidad de Montevideo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XmLeCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA215|year=2014|publisher=Editorial Tiempo de Historia|location=Asunción, Paraguay|language=Spanish|isbn=978-99967-609-9-0|trans-title=Paraguay: Social and political history research: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on the History of Paraguay at the University of Montevideo}}
*{{cite news|last1=Gulino|first1=Elisa Godoy de|title=La Casa Cueto-Alvarenga|url=http://www.abc.com.py/edicion-impresa/suplementos/cultural/la-casa-cueto-alvarenga-206146.html|access-date=13 September 2017|publisher=[[ABC Color]]|date=9 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913164504/http://www.abc.com.py/edicion-impresa/suplementos/cultural/la-casa-cueto-alvarenga-206146.html|archive-date=13 September 2017|location=Asunción, Paraguay|language=Spanish|trans-title=The House of Cueto-Alvarenga}}
*{{cite news|last1=Gunson|first1=Phil|title=General Alfredo Stroessner|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2006/aug/17/guardianobituaries.world|access-date=9 September 2017|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=17 August 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407034335/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2006/aug/17/guardianobituaries.world|archive-date=7 April 2017|location=London, England}}
*{{cite book|last1=Gunson|first1=Phil|last2=Thompson|first2=Andrew|last3=Chamberlain|first3=Greg|title=The Dictionary of Contemporary Politics of South America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l0VACwAAQBAJ&pg=PT153|edition=2nd reprint|year=2015|publisher=Routledge|location=Abingdon, Oxon, England|isbn=978-1-317-27134-5}}
*{{cite book|editor1-last=Kloetzel|editor1-first=James E.|title=Scott 2003 standard postage stamp catalogue: countries of the world, P-SI|date=2002|publisher=Scott Publishing|location=Sidney, Ohio|isbn=0-89487-287-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/scott2003standar00jame/page/130 130]|edition=159th|url=https://archive.org/details/scott2003standar00jame/page/130}}
*{{cite book|editor-last1=Lambert|editor-first1=Peter|editor-last2=Nickson|editor-first2=Andrew|title=The Paraguay Reader: History, Culture, Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wjE5YAWiPgQC&pg=PA290|year=2012|publisher=Duke University Press|location=Durham, North Carolina|isbn=978-0-8223-5268-6}}
*{{cite book|editor-last1=Lambert|editor-first1=Peter|editor-last2=Nickson|editor-first2=Andrew|title=The Transition to Democracy in Paraguay|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Cu_DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA13|year=2016|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=London, England|isbn=978-1-349-25767-6}}
*{{cite news|last1=López|first1=Cinthia|title=El feminismo en el Paraguay|url=http://www.abc.com.py/edicion-impresa/locales/el-feminismo-en-el-paraguay-224203.html|access-date=13 September 2017|publisher=[[ABC Color]]|date=24 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531063359/http://www.abc.com.py/edicion-impresa/locales/el-feminismo-en-el-paraguay-224203.html|archive-date=31 May 2016|location=Asunción, Paraguay|language=Spanish|trans-title=Feminism in Paraguay}}
*{{cite web|last1=López Moreira|first1=Mary Monte de|last2=Barreto|first2=Ana|last3=Bosio|first3=Beatriz G. de|title=Día de la Mujer Paraguaya 24 de Febrero|url=http://www.corredordelasideas.org/docs/ppt/mujer_paraguaya.pdf|website=Corredor de las Ideas|access-date=13 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621091029/http://www.corredordelasideas.org/docs/ppt/mujer_paraguaya.pdf|archive-date=21 June 2015|location=Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay|language=Spanish|date=2013}}
*{{cite book|last=Nickson|first=R. Andrew|title=Historical Dictionary of Paraguay|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Ji-CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA165|edition=3rd|year=2015|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|location=Lanham, Maryland|isbn=978-0-8108-7964-5}}
*{{cite web|last1=Przeworski|first1=Adam|last2=Shin|first2=Kong Joo|last3=Xi|first3=Tianyang|title=A Simple Partisan Calculus of Women's Suffrage|url=http://www.fflch.usp.br/centrodametropole/upload/aaa/495-wsuffrage_092613.pdf|website=Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas|publisher=Universidade de São Paulo|access-date=9 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909142541/http://www.fflch.usp.br/centrodametropole/upload/aaa/495-wsuffrage_092613.pdf|archive-date=9 September 2017|location=São Paulo, Brazil|language=English|date=26 September 2013}}
*{{cite news|last1=Palacios|first1=Marisol|title=Día de la Mujer Paraguaya: Sinónimo de valor|url=http://www.abc.com.py/edicion-impresa/suplementos/abc-revista/sinonimo-de-valor-1338431.html|access-date=11 September 2017|newspaper=[[ABC Color]]|date=22 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810231950/http://www.abc.com.py/edicion-impresa/suplementos/abc-revista/sinonimo-de-valor-1338431.html|archive-date=10 August 2015|location=Asunción, Paraguay|language=Spanish|trans-title=Paraguayan Women's Day: Synonym of Valor}}
*{{cite conference|last1=Silva|first1=Janine Gomes da|title=Les usages de la mémoire : rhétorique du témoignage, espaces de mémoire et rapports de genres dans les dictatures du Brésil et du Paraguay|url=http://nuevomundo.revues.org/66567|date=3 April 2014|publisher=Nuevos Mundos|conference=Les femmes dans les Amériques: Féminismes, études de genre et identités de genre dans les Amériques, XIXe et XXe siècles—4, 5 et 6 décembre 2013|access-date=13 September 2017|trans-title=The uses of memory: rhetoric of testimony, spaces of memory and relations of genres in the dictatorships of Brazil and Paraguay|location=Aix-en-Provence, France|language=French}}
*{{cite thesis|last=Silva|first=Tamy Amorim da|date=2016|title=Memórias sobre uma Dama Valente: Carmen de Lara Castro e a Ditadura Stronista (1967–1989)|url=https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/173267/344147.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|type=master's degree|publisher=[[Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina]]|location=Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil|access-date=8 September 2017|language=Portuguese|trans-title=Memories of a valiant woman: Carmen de Lara Castro and the Stronista Dictatorship (1967–1989)}}
*{{cite conference|last=Silva|first=Tamy Amorim da|date=20 September 2013|title=Therezinha Godoy Zerbini e Carmen Lara Castro: As "burguesas" que foram à luta|url=http://www.fg2013.wwc2017.eventos.dype.com.br/resources/anais/20/1373236239_ARQUIVO_TherezinhaGodoyZerbinieCarmenLaraCastrocompleto.pdf|publisher=Anais Eletrônicos|location=Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil|conference=Seminário Internacional Fazendo Gênero 10|access-date=13 September 2017|language=Portuguese|trans-title=Therezinha Godoy Zerbini and Carmen Lara Castro: The "bourgeois" who came to fight|issn=2179-510X}}
*{{cite book|last1=Soler|first1=Lorena|editor1-last=Ansaldi|editor1-first=Waldo|title=La democracia en América Latina, un barco a la deriva|date=2007|publisher=Fondo de Cultura Económica|location=Buenos Aires, Argentina|isbn=978-950-557-691-3|edition=1.|url=http://webiigg.sociales.uba.ar/pobmigra/paraguay/pdf_taller_200806/Pon_Soler.pdf|language=Spanish|chapter=La Familia Paraguaya: Transformaciones del estado y la nación de López A Stroessner|pages=435–465|access-date=13 September 2017|archive-date=14 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035103/http://webiigg.sociales.uba.ar/pobmigra/paraguay/pdf_taller_200806/Pon_Soler.pdf|url-status=dead}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Steif|first1=William|title=Paraguay in Transition|journal=[[Multinational Monitor]]|date=July–August 1989|volume=10|issue=7 & 8|url=http://multinationalmonitor.org/hyper/issues/1989/07/mon8907.html|access-date=11 September 2017|publisher=[[Essential Information]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040830211450/http://multinationalmonitor.org/hyper/issues/1989/07/mon8907.html|archive-date=30 August 2004|location=Washington, D.C.|issn=0197-4637}}
*{{cite news|last1=Tarnowski|first1=Andrew|title=Even after 10 years, she's not about to give up|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13692313/chicago_tribune/|access-date=11 September 2017|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=12 March 1977|location=Chicago, Illinois|page=152|via = [[Newspapers.com]]}}
*{{cite news|last1=Whitefield|first1=Mimi|title=Paraguay democracy's dark side|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13692354/detroit_free_press/|access-date=11 September 2017|agency=[[Knight Ridder]]|newspaper=[[The Detroit Free Press]]|date=16 September 1985|location=Detroit, Michigan|page=4|via = [[Newspapers.com]]}}
*{{cite web|ref={{harvid|Paraguayan Catholic Parrish Registry|1918}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Bautismos 1906–1919: Carmen Elida De Jesus Casco Miranda|url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-9RKF-1RD?i=629&cc=1922527|access-date=8 September 2017|website=FamilySearch|publisher=Registros parroquiales Católicas|date=6 August 1918|location=Asunción, Paraguay|language=Spanish|page=630|id=FHL microfilm #1161921|quote="...nacida el diez y siete de Junio de este año y le pie lo por nombre Carmen Elida de Jesús hija legitima de Fermín Casco Espínoza y Lídia Miranda..."}}
*{{cite web|ref={{harvid|Paraguayan Catholic Parrish Registry|1942}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Bautismos, Libro 31, 1941 oct-1942 ago: Luis Felix Miguel Angel Lara Castro Casco Miranda|url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS9R-CSN2-C?i=79&cc=1922527|access-date=11 September 2017|website=FamilySearch|publisher=Registros parroquiales Católicas|date=7 January 1942|location=Asunción, Paraguay|language=Spanish|page=80|id=FHL digital folder #101595103}}
*{{cite web|ref={{harvid|Paraguayan Catholic Parrish Registry|1945}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Bautismos, Bautismos, Libro 35, 1945 sep-1946 sep: Luis Ramon Lara Castro Casco Miranda (lease Jorge)|url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS9R-CSQR-4?i=178&cc=1922527|access-date=11 September 2017|website=FamilySearch|publisher=Registros parroquiales Católicas|date=26 December 1945|location=Asunción, Paraguay|language=Spanish|page=179|id=FHL digital folder #101595107}}
*{{cite web|ref={{harvid|Paraguayan Catholic Parrish Registry|1948}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Bautismos, Libro 37, 1947 oct-1948 oct: Fernando Adolfo Lara Castro Casco Miranda|url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS9R-CS2F-Q?i=109&cc=1922527|access-date=11 September 2017|website=FamilySearch|publisher=Registros parroquiales Católicas|date=6 January 1948|location=Asunción, Paraguay|language=Spanish|page=110|id=FHL digital folder #101595115}}
*{{cite web|ref={{harvid|Paraguayan Catholic Parrish Registry|1953}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Bautismos, Libro 45, 1953 mar-1953 sep: José Manuel Fermín Lara Castro Casco Miranda|url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS9Y-ZGDT|access-date=11 September 2017|website=FamilySearch|publisher=Registros parroquiales Católicas|date=24 June 1953|location=Asunción, Paraguay|language=Spanish|page=288|id=FHL digital folder #101605725}}
*{{cite web|ref={{harvid|Paraguayan Catholic Parrish Registry|1956}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Bautismos, Libro 1, 1953 feb-1973 mar: Fermín Eduardo Martin Lara Castro Casco Miranda|url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS9R-CSN5-1?i=31&cc=1922527|access-date=11 September 2017|website=FamilySearch|publisher=Registros parroquiales Católicas|date=31 August 1956|location=Asunción, Paraguay|language=Spanish|page=32|id=FHL digital folder #101595113}}
*{{cite web|ref={{harvid|Paraguayan Catholic Parrish Registry|1960}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Bautismos, Libro 1, 1953 feb-1973 mar: Alejandro Martin Roque Lara Castro Casco Miranda|url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS9R-CSN9-5?i=72&cc=1922527|access-date=11 September 2017|website=FamilySearch|publisher=Registros parroquiales Católicas|date=18 October 1960|location=Asunción, Paraguay|language=Spanish|page=73|id=FHL digital folder #101595113}}
*{{cite web|ref={{harvid|Portal Guarani|2015}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Carmen Casco de Lara Castro|url=http://www.portalguarani.com/1634_carmen_casco_de_lara_castro.html|access-date=8 September 2017|website=Portal Guarani|publisher=Eduardo Pratt|date=2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822031231/http://portalguarani.com/1634_carmen_casco_de_lara_castro.html|archive-date=22 August 2017|location=Asunción, Paraguay|language=Spanish|postscript=. Self-published but with citations to source materials.}}
*{{cite web|ref={{harvid|Inter-American Commission on Human Rights|1979}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Desarrollo de la Situación de los Derechos Humanos en Paraguay|url=https://www.cidh.oas.org/annualrep/78sp/sec.4b.htm|website=[[Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos]]|publisher=[[Organization of American States]]|access-date=10 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719010844/https://www.cidh.oas.org/annualrep/78sp/sec.4b.htm|archive-date=19 July 2013|location=Washington, D. C.|language=Spanish|date=1979|trans-title=Development of the Situation of Human Rights in Paraguay}}
*{{cite news|ref={{harvid|''ABC Color''|2006}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Destacan trayectoria y lucha de Carmen de Lara Castro|url=http://www.abc.com.py/edicion-impresa/politica/destacan-trayectoria-y-lucha-de-carmen-de-lara-castro-888298.html|access-date=10 September 2017|publisher=[[ABC Color]]|date=26 February 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910193042/http://www.abc.com.py/edicion-impresa/politica/destacan-trayectoria-y-lucha-de-carmen-de-lara-castro-888298.html|archive-date=10 September 2017|location=Asunción, Paraguay|language=Spanish|trans-title=Outstanding trajectory and struggle of Carmen de Lara Castro}}
*{{cite news|ref={{harvid|''ABC Color''|2012}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Falleció Antonio Campos Alum, director de centro detención clandestina stronista|url=http://www.abc.com.py/nacionales/fallecio-antonio-campos-alum-director-de-centro-detencion-clandestina-stronista-366219.html|access-date=10 September 2017|publisher=[[ABC Color]]|date=14 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910182834/http://www.abc.com.py/nacionales/fallecio-antonio-campos-alum-director-de-centro-detencion-clandestina-stronista-366219.html|archive-date=10 September 2017|location=Asunción, Paraguay|language=Spanish|trans-title=Death of Antonio Campos Alum, director of the Stronista clandestine detention center}}
*{{cite news|ref={{harvid|''The Chicago Tribune''|1967}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Latins Mystified by Wealthy Frenchman|url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1967/12/25/page/127/article/latins-mystified-by-wealthy-frenchman|access-date=10 September 2017|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=25 December 1967|location=Chicago, Illinois|page=15, section 2}}
*{{cite news|ref={{harvid|''The Arizona Republic''|1940}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Life is Ended|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13645630/life_is_ended_ap_the_arizona/|access-date=8 September 2017|agency=[[Associated Press]]|newspaper=[[The Arizona Republic]]|date=8 September 1940|location=Phoenix, Arizona|page=1|via = [[Newspapers.com]]}}
*{{cite web|ref={{harvid|Paraguay News Portal|2013}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Ministerio de la Mujer envía misiva a la mujer paraguaya|url=http://www.ppn.com.py/html/noticias/noticia-ver.asp?id=96373|website=Portal Paraguayo de Noticias|access-date=13 September 2017|location=Asunción – Paraguay|language=Spanish|date=8 March 2013|trans-title=Ministry of Women sends missive to the Paraguayan woman|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913231752/http://www.ppn.com.py/html/noticias/noticia-ver.asp?id=96373|archive-date=13 September 2017|url-status=dead}}
*{{cite web|ref={{harvid|Ministry of Finance|2008}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Ministra inauguró nueva sede de Agencia Regional de Catastro en Encarnación|url=http://www.hacienda.gov.py/web-hacienda/index.php?c=96&n=9218|website=Ministerio de Hacienda|publisher=Gobierno de Paraguay|access-date=13 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913175812/http://www.hacienda.gov.py/web-hacienda/index.php?c=96&n=9218|archive-date=13 September 2017|location=Asunción – Paraguay|date=25 August 2017|trans-title=Minister inaugurated new headquarters of Regional Taxation Agency in Encarnación}}
*{{cite news|ref={{harvid|''Noticias de Gobernación del Departamento Central''|2015}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Ofrecen capacitación a estudiantes del 3er año de la media en el marco del proyecto 'Voy a Ser Ingeniero'|url=http://www.central.gov.py/web_institucional/?p=2100|access-date=10 September 2017|publisher=Noticias de Gobernación del Departamento Central|date=21 May 2015|location=Asunción, Paraguay|language=Spanish|trans-title=Training offered 3rd-year students in a program called "I am going to be Engineer"}}{{Dead link|date=October 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*{{cite news|ref={{harvid|''The Marshfield News-Herald''|1989}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Paraguay vote plan unsettling|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13692476/marshfield_newsherald/|access-date=11 September 2017|agency=[[Associated Press]]|publisher=The Marshfield News-Herald|date=7 February 1989|location=Marshfield, Wisconsin|page=7|via = [[Newspapers.com]]}}
*{{cite news|ref={{harvid|''EFE''|2016}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Paraguay weighs eliminating Stroessner dictatorship's symbols|url=https://www.efe.com/efe/english/life/paraguay-weighs-eliminating-stroessner-dictatorship-s-symbols/50000263-3089117#|access-date=13 September 2017|agency=EFE|date=6 November 2016|location=Asunción, Paraguay|language=English}}
*{{cite news|ref={{harvid|''Última Hora''|2013}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Recuerdan a Carmen de Lara Castro y el descubrimiento del Archivo del Terror|url=http://www.ultimahora.com/recuerdan-carmen-lara-castro-y-el-descubrimiento-del-archivo-del-terror-n752075.html|access-date=8 September 2017|newspaper=[[Última Hora (Paraguay)|Última Hora]]|date=20 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130092353/http://www.ultimahora.com/recuerdan-carmen-lara-castro-y-el-descubrimiento-del-archivo-del-terror-n752075.html|archive-date=30 January 2017|location=Asunción, Paraguay|language=Spanish|trans-title=Remembrance of Carmen of Lara Castro and the discovery of the Archive of Terror}}
*{{cite web|ref={{harvid|Inter-American Commission on Human Rights|1987}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Paraguay: Chapter 1|url=http://www.cidh.org/countryrep/paraguay87eng/chap.1.htm|website=[[Inter-American Commission on Human Rights]]|publisher=[[Organization of American States]]|access-date=10 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023055646/http://www.cidh.org/countryrep/paraguay87eng/chap.1.htm|archive-date=23 October 2015|location=Washington, D. C.|language=English|date=1987}}
*{{cite web|ref={{harvid|Ecocultura TV|2013}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Se evocó la figura de la gran luchadora por los DD.HH. Carmen de Lara Castro|url=http://ecocultura.tv/se-evoco-la-figura-de-la-gran-luchadora-por-los-dd-hh-carmen-de-lara-castro/|website=Ecocultura TV|publisher=Ecocultura Televisión Comunitaria de Paraguay|access-date=13 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913185836/http://ecocultura.tv/se-evoco-la-figura-de-la-gran-luchadora-por-los-dd-hh-carmen-de-lara-castro/|archive-date=13 September 2017|location=Asunción, Paraguay|language=Spanish|date=21 December 2013}}
*{{cite news|ref={{harvid|''The St. Louis Post-Dispatch''|1940}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Two Ex-cabinet Members 'Confined' in Paraguay|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13645689/st_louis_postdispatch/|access-date=8 September 2017|agency=[[Associated Press]]|newspaper=[[The St. Louis Post-Dispatch]]|date=2 December 1940|location=St. Louis, Missouri|page=25|via = [[Newspapers.com]]}}
{{refend}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Casco de Lara Castro, Carmen}}
[[Category:1918 births]]
[[Category:1993 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Asunción]]
[[Category:Paraguayan women in politics]]
[[Category:Paraguayan human rights activists]]
[[Category:Women human rights activists]]
[[Category:Paraguayan women's rights activists]]
[[Category:Paraguayan schoolteachers]]
[[Category:Paraguayan women educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Paraguayan educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Paraguayan women]]