View source for Centre for Research and Restoration of Museums of France

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[[File:Pavillon de Flore from Tuileries, 26 April 2008.jpg|thumb|]]
{{Short description|French cultural conservation center}}
[[File:C2RMF logo.jpg|right|thumb|Current logo for the C2RMF]]
The '''National Centre for Research and Restoration in French Museums''' ('''C2RMF''', ''Centre de recherche et de restauration des musées de France'') is the national [[Research institute|research centre]] in [[France]] responsible for the [[Documentation (field)|documentation]], [[Art conservation and restoration|and restoration]] of the items held in the collections of more than 1,200 [[museum]]s across France.
== History==
The centre was established in 1998 by an ''arrêté'' (administrative decision) issued by [[Catherine Trautmann]], the then [[Minister of Culture (France)|Minister of Culture and Communications]], which was gazetted in the ''Journal Officiel'' on December 30.<ref>{{cite journal |date=1998-12-30 |title=Arrêté du 16 décembre 1998 érigeant divers services de la direction des musées de France en services à compétence nationale |url=http://admi.net/jo/1998/19955.html |journal=[[Journal Officiel de la République Française]] |issue=302 |page=19955 |id=NOR: MCCB9800657A |accessdate=2008-04-22 |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927010854/http://admi.net/jo/1998/19955.html |archive-date=2011-09-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was created by merging the functions and facilities of two other research bodies, the [[Laboratoire de recherche des musées de France]] (LRMF, ''Research Laboratory of the Museums of France'') and the [[Service de restauration des musées de France]] (SRMF, ''Restoration Service of the Museums of France'') and it is organized in 4 departments. Today the center is affiliated to the [[CNRS]] with the label UMR-171.
== Directors ==
In 2005 Mme. [[Christiane Naffah]] was appointed director of the centre by the French Minister of Culture and Communications [[Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres]], replacing Jean-Pierre Mohen. Naffah had been a [[curator]] in France's [[national museum]]s since 1977, and prior to her appointment had held positions at the [[Louvre]], [[Musée du Quai Branly]] and had been director of the [[Institut du monde arabe|Musée de l'institut du monde arabe]].<ref>{{cite press release |publisher=[[Minister of Culture (France)|Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication]] |date=2005-07-27|title=Christiane Naffah est nommée directrice du Centre de recherche et de restauration des musées de France |url=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/actualites/communiq/donnedieu/c2rmf.html |accessdate=2008-04-22|language=fr}}</ref> The actual director is MR. [[Jean-Michel Loyer-Hascoët]].
== Activity ==
The C2RMF's key activities focus on the study of works of art at both a national and regional level. It undertakes investigations prior to any acquisition. Equipped with world-class experimental facilities that are constantly being improved, like the [[particle accelerator]] [[Accélérateur Grand Louvre d'analyse élémentaire|AGLAE]], the C2RMF focuses its research on several key areas: the physical and chemical characteristics of materials, the ageing of materials, database management, image analysis, digitisation and 3D modelling. The C2RMF is experienced in the use of scientific techniques on art works. They also have knowledge and experience of the capture of 3D data from many different types of artefact. The latest research has concerned the multispectral imaging of paintings,<ref>Colantoni ''et al.'' (2007)</ref> ontologies and the semantic web and the 3D modelling of objects and paintings.<ref>Pitzalis ''et al.'' (2007)</ref> Furthermore, it has launched an open source database management system that provides multilingual access (17 languages) to specialised vocabularies for the cultural museum sector and a semantic interface to browse the results.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}
C2RMF also carries out scientific studies and data recording for these collections, and is active both nationally and internationally in the field of [[cultural heritage]] conservation and analysis. The C2RMF is involved in the development of technologies and scientific procedures employed in the preservation of art works and artefacts, both on its own and in partnership with other museums and research institutions across the globe.<ref>Pillay ''et al.'' (2007)</ref>
Since the early 1930s, over 174,000 paintings and 34,000 objects have been individually studied or restored by the C2RMF, and its predecessor organisations LRMF and SRMF.<ref>Lahanier (2004, p.158)</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
* M. Menu (ed.), ''Leonardo's Technical Practice: Paintings, Drawings and Influence'', Paris, 2014.
* D. Bourgarit, J. Basset, F. G. Bewer, G. Bresc-Bautier, Ph. Malgouyres et G. Scherf (eds.), ''French Bronze Sculpture 16th-18th Century'', Londres, 2014.
* I. Biron, F. Alloteau, P. Lehuédé, O. Majérus, D. Caurant, ''Glass Atmospheric Alteration, Cultural Heritage, Industrial and Nuclear Glass'', Paris, 2019.
==Sources==
{{refbegin|indent=yes}}
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* {{cite book |author=Boutaine, Jean Louis  |year=2006 |chapter=The modern museum |title=Physical Techniques in the Study of Art, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, vol. 1 |editor1=David Bradley |editor2=Dudley Creagh |location=Amsterdam |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |pages=1–40 |isbn=0-444-52131-3 |oclc=76714223}}
* {{cite conference |author=Brandt-Grau, Astrid |year=2002 |title=Research in the field of conservation of cultural heritage at the French Ministry of Culture and Communication |url=http://www.arcchip.cz/w10/w10_brandt-grau.pdf |format=[[PDF]] workshop presentation |conference=Advanced Research Initiation Assisting and Developing Networks in Europe (ARIADNE), Workshop 10 (Prague: April 22&ndash;28, 2002) |conference-url=http://www.itam.cas.cz/~arcchip/ariadne_10.shtml |editor=Miloš Drdácký (dir. and coord.) |others=published online as |book-title=Proceedings of ARIADNE 10 – New materials and technologies for conservation and safeguarding of cultural heritage |location=Prague |publisher=Advanced Research Centre for Cultural Heritage Interdisciplinary Projects [ARCCHIP], Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, [[Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic]] |accessdate=2008-04-24 |archive-date=2015-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923172954/http://www.arcchip.cz/w10/w10_brandt-grau.pdf |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite journal |author=Calligaro, Thomas  |author2=Jean-Claude Dran |author3=M. Klein  | date=May 2003 |title=Application of photo-detection to art and archaeology at the C2RMF |journal=Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A |volume=77 |issue=1&ndash;4 |pages=66–70 |doi=10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00793-9|bibcode=2003NIMPA.504..213C }}
* {{cite journal |author=Castaing, Jacques |author2=Michel Menu |year=2006 |title=Analysis of Art Works and Nuclear Physics at the Laboratory of ''Centre de recherche et de restauration des musées de France'' |url=http://www.nupecc.org/npn/npn164.pdf |format=[[PDF]] online edition |journal=Nuclear Physics News |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=4–10 |doi=10.1080/10506890601061437 |s2cid=122770983 }}
* {{cite conference |author=Colantoni, Philippe |author2=Denis Pitzalis |author3=Ruven Pillay |author4=Geneviève Aitken| year=2007|title=GPU Spectral Viewer: Analysing Paintings from a Colorimetric Perspective|conference=VAST07: The 8th International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Intelligent Cultural Heritage: Proceedings|editor=D. Arnold|editor2=F. Niccolucci|editor3=A. Chalmers|location= Brighton, UK| publisher=[[Eurographics|Eurographics Association]]}}
* {{cite web |author=EU-ARTECH |year=2004 |title=AGLAE |url=http://www.eu-artech.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=22&Itemid=67 |work=Transnational Access: General Information |publisher=Access, Research and Technology for the conservation of the European Cultural Heritage (Eu-ARTECH) |accessdate=2008-04-27 |archive-date=2007-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071116012217/http://www.eu-artech.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=22&Itemid=67 |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite book |author=Lahanier, Christian  |year=2004 |chapter=Information technologies applied to scientific examination of museum collections |title=Physics Methods in Archaeometry: Proceedings of the International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi", Varenna on Lake Como, Villa Monastero, 17–27 June 2003 |editor1=Marco Martini |editor2=Mario Milazzo |editor3=Mario Piacentini |location=Amsterdam |publisher=[[IOS Press]], [[Società Italiana di Fisica]] |pages=155–178|isbn=1-58603-424-3 |oclc=56320182}}
* {{cite journal |author=Lövestam, N.E. Göran |author2=Thomas Calligaro |author3=Alain Duval |author4=Joseph Salomon | date=May 1993 |title=The AGLAE scanning nuclear microprobe setup |journal=Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B |volume=77 |issue=1&ndash;4 |pages=66–70 |doi=10.1016/0168-583X(93)95526-B|bibcode=1993NIMPB..77...66L }}
* {{cite book |author=Maurus, Véronique  |year=2006 |title=La vie secrète du Louvre |others=Jean-Christophe Ballot (photo illus.) |location=Brussels |publisher=Renaissance Du Livre, in association with [[Le Monde]] |isbn=2-87415-615-9 |oclc=69733461|language=fr}}
* {{cite journal |author=Menu, Michel |author2=Thomas Calligaro |author3=Joseph Salomon |author4=Georges Amsel |author4-link=Georges Amsel |author5=Jean Moulin | date=January 1990 |title=The dedicated accelerator-based IBA facility AGLAE at the Louvre |journal=Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B|volume=45 |issue=1&ndash;4 |pages=610–614 |doi=10.1016/0168-583X(90)90910-M|bibcode=1990NIMPB..45..610M }}
* {{cite conference |author=Naffah, Christiane |year=2007 |title=Science applied to museum collections |url=http://www.corr-institute.se/cultstrat/Second%20workshop_backup/1st%20session/Presentation%20C2RMF%20CNA.pdf |format=[[PDF]] of conference presentation |conference=The Protection of Cultural Heritage from Air Pollution: The need for effective local policy, maintenance and conservation strategies. 2nd joint workshop (Paris-Louvre: 15&ndash;16 March 2007) |location=Stockholm |publisher=EU Project CULT-STRAT and ICP Materials Task Force of the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution |id=[[European Union|EU]] contract no. SSPI-CT-2004-501609 |accessdate=2008-04-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003194654/http://www.corr-institute.se/cultstrat/Second%20workshop_backup/1st%20session/Presentation%20C2RMF%20CNA.pdf |archive-date=3 October 2011 }}
* {{cite conference |author=Pillay, Ruven |author2=Geneviève Aitken |author3=Denis Pitzalis |author4=Christian Lahanier |year=2007 |title=Archive Visualization and Exploitation at the C2RMF |url=http://www.archimuse.com/ichim07/papers/pillay/pillay.html |conference=International Cultural Heritage Informatics Meeting (ICHIM07): Proceedings |editor=J. Trant |editor2=D. Bearman |location=Toronto |publisher=[[Archives & Museum Informatics]] |oclc=153578634 |accessdate=2008-04-22 }}
* {{cite conference |author=Pitzalis, Denis |author2=Christian Lahanier |author3=Geneviève Aitken |author4=Ruven Pillay |author5=Karina Rodriguez-Echavarria |author6=David B. Arnold |year=2007|title=3D techniques to create interactive virtual museums: The state of the art in the epoch noe|conference=GRAPP 2007, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computer Graphics Theory and Applications |editor=José Braz |editor2=Pere-Pau Vàzquez |editor3=Joao Madeiras Pereira | location=Barcelona|publisher=[[INSTICC]] - Institute for Systems and Technologies of Information, Control and Communication}}
* {{cite web |author=SCHEMA |year=2002 |title=Centre for Research and Restoration of the Museums of France |url=http://www.iti.gr/SCHEMA/partners/members/C2RMF.html |work=Project Consortium: Partners |publisher=Informatics and Telematics Institute (ITI) |accessdate=2008-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011172720/http://www.iti.gr/SCHEMA/partners/members/C2RMF.html |archive-date=2016-10-11 |url-status=dead }}
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==External links==
* [http://www.c2rmf.fr Centre de recherche et de restauration des musées de France, C2RMF official website {{in lang|fr}}]
* [https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/C2RMF/, Open Archives of C2RMF {{in lang|en}}]
* [https://www.openedition.org/21578?lang=en, ''Technè'' journal available on OpenEdition.org {{in lang|en}}]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Center For Research And Restoration Of Museums Of France}}
[[Category:Research institutes in France]]
[[Category:Museum organizations]]
[[Category:Louvre Palace]]
[[Category:Museums in France]]
[[Category:1998 establishments in France]]
[[Category:French National Centre for Scientific Research]]
[[Category:Conservation and restoration organizations]]