View source for Cer-Vit

'''Cer-vit''' is a family of glass-ceramic materials that were invented by [[Owens Illinois]] in the mid-1960s. Its principle ingredients are the oxides of [[lithium]], [[aluminum]] and [[silicon]]. It is melted to form a glass which is then heat treated to nucleate and crystallize it into a material that is more than 90% microscopic crystals. Its formulation and heat treatment can be modified to produce a variety of material properties. One form is a material that is transparent and has a near zero thermal expansion. Its transparency is because the microscopic crystals are smaller than the wave length of light and are transparent, and its low thermal expansion is because they have a [[Spodumene|spodumene structure]].
Cer-Vit C 101 was used to form large mirror blanks ({{convert|158|in}} in diameter) that were used in telescopes in several places, including South America, France and Australia. Owens Illinois ceased production of C101 in 1978. In addition, Cer-Vit materials were used to make stove tops, cook ware and aviation applications, but never commercialized.
Today, glass-ceramic products such as transparent mirror blanks and stove tops, and cookware are manufactured and in daily use. These products include trade names of Zerodor, Hercuvit, and Pyroceram, most of which have low or zero thermal expansion, which allows them to be exposed to rapid temperature changes or localized heating or cooling.
==Applications==
At [[Mount Lemmon Observatory]], two 1.5 meter diameter telescopes have a Cer-Vit glass mirror.<ref name=REP1978>{{cite journal |bibcode=1978BAAS...10...16H |title=University of Arizona, Department of Planetary Sciences/Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Tucson, Arizona. Report from 1 October 1976 to 30 September 1977 |last1=Hubbard |first1=W. B. |volume=10 |year=1978 |pages=16 |journal=Bulletin of the Astronomical Society }}</ref><ref name=REP75>{{cite journal |bibcode=1975BAAS....7..150N |title=University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Observatory report |last1=Ney |first1=E. P. |volume=7 |year=1975 |pages=150 |journal=Bulletin of the Astronomical Society }}</ref>  One of the telescopes discovered [[2011 AG5]], an asteroid which achieved 1 on the [[Torino Scale]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2012-051 |title=Asteroid 2011 AG5 - A Reality Check (NASA) |access-date=2014-08-09 |archive-date=2021-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416083943/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2012-051 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Bibliography==
* Structure and Characterization of Lithiumaluminalsilicate Glass and Glass Ceramics derived from Spodumene Mineral. A. Nordman, Y Cheng, T.J. Bastock, Journal of Physics Condensed Matter, Volume 7, Number 16
* Glass-ceramics capture $2 million telescope-mirror contract. David H. Taeler, Ceramic Age, August 1968, Volume 84, Number 8
* Transparent Glass-Ceramics G. H. Beal, D. A. Duke, Journal of Materials Science 4(1969) 140-152
==External links==
*[http://www.oldham-optical.co.uk/Glass.htm Glass Types - Oldham Optical]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=V2C1yiFLBUsC&q=ow+thermal+expansion+glass+ceramics+-+Hans+Bach,+Dieter+Krause Low thermal expansion glass ceramics - Hans Bach, Dieter Krause]
*[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.820.370&rep=rep1&type=pdf]
[[Category:Glass types]]
[[Category:Glass-ceramics]]
[[Category:Low-expansion glass]]
[[Category:Glass trademarks and brands]]
[[Category:Transparent materials]]
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