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{{Infobox royalty
|name= Jaya Simhavarman III
|image=
|caption=
|title=King of Champa {{br}} arddharāja
|father=[[Indravarman V]]
|mother= Gaurendraksmi
|spouse= Bhāskaradevī {{br}} Tapasi<br/>Paramecvari ([[Huyền Trân]])
|issue= [[Chế Chí|Jaya Sinhavarman IV]] {{br}} [[Chế Năng]]
|birth_date= ?
|birth_place = Champa
|death_date= 1307
|death_place = Champa
|place of burial =
|full name= Jaya Simhavarman {{br}}
pu cei (Prince) Harijit Paramātmaja
|succession= [[King of Champa]]
|reign= 1288–1307
|predecessor= [[Indravarman V]]
|successor= [[Chế Chí|Jaya Simhavarman IV]]
|regnal name=Jaya Simhavarman
|house=
|religion =
}}
'''Jaya Simhavarman III''' (r. 1288 - 1307), '''Chế Mân''' (制旻),{{sfn|Griffiths|Lepoutre|2016|p=204}} or '''Prince Harijit''', son of King Indravarman V<ref name=Coedes>{{cite book|last= Coedès|first= George|authorlink= George Coedès|editor= Walter F. Vella|others= trans.Susan Brown Cowing|title= The Indianized States of Southeast Asia|year= 1968|publisher= University of Hawaii Press|isbn= 978-0-8248-0368-1}}</ref>{{rp|211}} and Queen Gaurendraksmi, was a king of [[Champa]] during a time when the threat of the [[Mongols]] was imminent. He held the title the ''half-king/junior king'' (arddharāja) on behalf of his father.<ref name=Schweyer></ref>
==Yuan invasion of 1283–85==
{{further|Mongol invasions of Vietnam}}
In 1282, [[Kublai Khan]] tried to gain passage through Champa of his ambassadors, but Chế Mân took them prisoner. Kublai Khan then asked the [[Trần dynasty]] of Đại Việt for entrance into Champa but received the same denial.{{sfn|Griffiths|Lepoutre|2016|p=205}} In early 1283, Kublai dispatched a fleet of 100 warships led by Sogetu and invaded Champa.{{sfn|Lo|2012|p=287}} The battle hardened Yuan troops with their naval and armor superiority quickly drove the Cham out of the capital of [[Vijaya (Champa)|Vijaya]]. Indravarman V and Crown Prince Harijit fled into the mountains, waging guerilla resistance against the enemy and refused to surrender, forcing the Mongols to suffer heat, illness, humidity, lack of supplies and desertion. Sogetu then requested Kublai for reinforcement and supplies.{{sfn|Lo|2012|p=288}} Yuan logistics and reinforcement fleet of 20,000 troops and 200 warships under Qutuq and Ariq Qaya arrived in Champa in April 1284. Due to lack of coordination, the Yuan fleet had to catch up Sogetu's forces, whom already marched north to present-day [[Huế]] and blazed a trait of destruction on Cham port-cities along his way north.{{sfn|Lo|2012|p=289}} By the way, Indravarman and Harijit were still rejecting Kublai's current demands and delivered excuses to the Khan, which Kublai found dishonored.{{sfn|Lo|2012|p=289}}
Facing unexpected Cham defiance, Kublai ordered his eleventh son Prince [[Toghon (son of Kublai)|Toghon]] to organize a land invasion of Champa through Dai Viet.{{sfn|Lo|2012|p=290}} The Dai Viet king then allied with Champa. They defeated Yuan forces in June 1285 at [[Battle of Chương Dương|battle of Chuong Duong]].{{sfn|Lo|2012|p=294}} The death of the top Mongol leader, Sagatou, was the beginning of the end of the Mongol invasion of Champa and Annam.<ref name=Maspero>Maspero, G., 2002, The Champa Kingdom, Bangkok: White Lotus Co., Ltd., {{ISBN|9747534991}}</ref>{{rp|82–87}}
==Marriage with Huyen Tran==
The mutual struggle against the Mongols brought Đại Việt and Champa closer together. Thus, the Đại Việt emperor [[Trần Nhân Tông]] married off his daughter, [[Huyen Tran]], to Chế Mân in exchange for the provinces of [[Thuận Hóa|Chau O (Cham:Vuyar) and Chau Ly (Cham:Ulik)]]. His other "first rank wife", or "first queen", was Princess Bhaskaradevi, though he also married a princess from Java, Queen Tapasi.<ref name=Maspero/>{{rp|86–87,205}}{{sfn|Griffiths|Lepoutre|2016|p=206}}
However, Chế Mân died soon after and the Princess Huyen Tran [[sati (practice)|refusal to die with her husband]] was considered a national disgrace to Champa. In response to this, Chế Mân's son, [[Che Chi]], set out to recapture two districts ceded by Champa to Đại Việt. He was defeated, however, and died a prisoner in Đại Việt.<ref>{{cite book|title=A History of Vietnam: From Hong Bang to Tu Duc|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jskyi00bspcC|isbn = 9780313296222|accessdate=1 May 2018|last1 = Chapuis|first1 = Oscar|year = 1995| publisher=Bloomsbury Academic }}</ref>
==Temples==
When Simhavarman was still a prince/junior-king, he authorized the construction of a temple dedicating for the Lady of Kauṭhāra at [[Po Nagar]] temple, [[Nha Trang]] in 1277.<ref name=Schweyer>{{Cite journal|last=Schweyer|first=Anne-Valérie|date=2005|title=Po Nagar de Nha Trang, seconde partie : Le dossier épigraphique|journal=Aséanie|volume=15|issue=|pages=87–120|doi=10.3406/asean.2005.1847|jstor=}}</ref>
During his proper reign, Simhavarman donated several structures and pavilions to [[Po Klong Garai Temple|Po Klaung Garai]] at [[Phan Rang]].{{sfn|Griffiths|Lepoutre|2016|pp=254–256}} He also initiated the construction of Yang Prong, another religious temple located in [[Ea Súp district]], [[Đắk Lắk province]], [[Central Highlands (Vietnam)|Central Highlands]].{{sfn|Griffiths|Lepoutre|2016|p=198}}{{sfn|Griffiths|Lepoutre|2016|pp=257–258}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==Bibliography==
* {{Cite journal|last1=Griffiths|first1=Arlo|last2=Lepoutre|first2=Amandine|date=2016|title=Études du corpus des inscriptions du Campā, VIII|journal=[[Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient]] |volume=102|issue=|pages=195–296|doi=10.3406/befeo.2016.6235|via=[[HAL (open archive)|HAL]]}}
* {{cite book |last=Lo |first=Jung-pang |editor-last=Elleman|editor-first=Bruce A. |title=China as a Sea Power, 1127-1368: A Preliminary Survey of the Maritime Expansion and Naval Exploits of the Chinese People During the Southern Song and Yuan Periods |year=2012 |publisher=[[NUS Press]] |location=Singapore|page=287}}
{{s-start}}
{{succession box|
title=[[King of Champa]]|
before=[[Indravarman V]] 1265&ndash;1288|
after= [[Chế Chí|Jaya Sinhavarman IV]] 1307&ndash;1312
|years=1288&ndash;1307}}
{{s-end}}
{{Kings of Champa}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Che, Man}}
[[Category:Kings of Champa]]
[[Category:Hindu monarchs]]
[[Category:13th-century Vietnamese monarchs]]
[[Category:14th-century Vietnamese monarchs]]
[[Category:1307 deaths]]
[[Category:Vietnamese monarchs]]
[[Category:Vietnamese Hindus]]
{{asia-royal-stub}}
{{Vietnam-bio-stub}}