View source for Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

{{Short description|German grand duke (1818–1901)}}
{{other people|Karl Alexander}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2017}}
{{Expand German|topic=bio|Carl Alexander (Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach)|date=September 2012}}
{{Infobox royalty|
| name         = Charles Alexander
| full name    = Charles Alexander Augustus John<br>{{langx|de|Karl Alexander August Johann Großherzog von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach}}
| image        = Held Carl Alexander Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach@Weimar Schlossmuseum.jpg
| image_size   =
| caption      =
| succession   = [[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]]
| reign        = 8 July 1853 – 5 January 1901
| predecessor  = [[Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Charles Frederick]]
| successor    = [[Wilhelm Ernst, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|William Ernest]]
| spouse       = {{marriage|[[Princess Sophie of the Netherlands]]|1842|1897|end=d.}}
| issue        = [[Charles Augustus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1844–1894)|Charles Augustus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]]  <br/>[[Princess Marie Alexandrine of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Marie, Princess Heinrich VII Reuss]] <br/> Princess Anna Sophia <br/>[[Princess Elisabeth Sybille of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Elisabeth, Duchess Johann Albrecht of Mecklenburg]]
| house        = [[House of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]]
| father       = [[Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]]
| mother       = [[Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (1786–1859)|Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia]]
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1818|6|24|df=y}}
| birth_place  = [[Weimar]]
| death_date   = {{death date and age|1901|1|5|1818|6|24|df=y}}
| death_place  = [[Weimar]]
| burial_place = [[Weimarer Fürstengruft]]
| religion     = [[Lutheranism]]|
}}
'''Charles Alexander''' (Karl Alexander August Johann; 24 June 1818 – 5 January 1901) was the ruler of [[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]] as its grand duke from 1853 until his death.
[[File:Charles Alexander (1818-1901).jpg|thumb|Charles Alexander (1818–1901), Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]]
==Biography==
Born in [[Weimar]], Karl Alexander was the second but eldest surviving son of [[Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Karl Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]] and [[Maria Pavlovna, Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia]]. His mother engaged as tutor for Karl the Swiss scholar [[Frédéric Soret]] who became a close acquaintance to [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]].
When he was the Hereditary Grand Duke, Karl Alexander established a strong friendship with [[Fanny Lewald]] and [[Hans Christian Andersen]], but this close relationship stopped in 1849 for the war against Denmark over the duchies of [[Schleswig-Holstein]] (the [[First Schleswig War]]). On 8 July 1853 his father died, and Karl Alexander became Grand Duke; however, he postponed his constitutional accession until Goethe's birthday, on 28 August 1853.
The Danish author and poet Hans Christian Andersen was reportedly infatuated with Karl Alexander, writing <blockquote>"''I quite love the young duke, he is the first of all princes that I really find attractive''".<ref>[http://enjoyment.independent.co.uk/books/features/article8437.ece His dark materials] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314153313/http://enjoyment.independent.co.uk/books/features/article8437.ece |date=2007-03-14 }}, ''[[The Independent]]'', 27 March 2005.</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Booth|first=Michael|title=Just As Well I'm Leaving: To the Orient With Hans Christian Andersen|publisher=Vintage|year=2005|isbn=978-1-44648-579-8|location=London|pages=Pos. 2226|language=English}}</ref></blockquote>
Karl Alexander renovated [[Wartburg|Wartburg Castle]] and left his traces in many places in Eisenach. He was the protector of [[Richard Wagner]] and [[Franz Liszt]], retained the tradition of Weimar's classical period, and gave the old part of Weimar a new and better appearance with the establishment of the Herder monument and the [[Goethe–Schiller monuments|double monument for Goethe and Schiller]]. In 1860, he founded the [[Grand-Ducal Saxon Art School, Weimar|Grand-Ducal Saxon Art School]] in Weimar (with [[Arnold Böcklin]], [[Franz von Lenbach]], and the plastic artist [[Reinhold Begas]]). As Grand Duke he was automatically [[rector (academia)|rector]], or president, of the [[University of Jena]], where he supported especially the collections, among them prominently the [[Oriental Coin Cabinet Jena|Oriental Coin Cabinet]].
In the [[Franco-Prussian War]] (1870–1871), Karl Alexander participated only in "''Samaritan''"; he stressed, however, for his entrance into the war in favor of Schleswig in 1849. The Weimar Congress of the [[Goethe Federation]] (opposing the [[Lex Heinze]]) occurred towards the end of his reign, in November 1900. That congress described his government as the ''Silver Age of Weimar''.
In late December 1900, Karl Alexander reportedly fell ill with [[influenza]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 December 1900 |title=Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar Ill. |pages=4 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1900/12/25/archives/grand-duke-of-saxeweimar-iii.html |access-date=16 October 2023}}</ref> His condition soon worsened, becoming complicated with inflammation of the lungs and a slowing heart rate before the end of the month.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 December 1900 |title=Duke of Saxe-Weimar Ill. |pages=2 |work=[[The Washington Star|The Evening Star]] |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1900-12-28/ed-1/seq-2/ |access-date=16 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=31 December 1900 |title=Duke of Saxe-Weimar Sinking. |pages=1 |work=[[The Washington Star|The Evening Star]] |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1900-12-31/ed-1/seq-1/ |access-date=16 October 2023}}</ref> He died at [[Weimar]] on 5 January 1901.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHARLES ALEXANDER (GRAND DUKE OF SAXE-WEIMAR-EISENACH) |url=https://sammlung.staedelmuseum.de/en/person/charles-alexander-grand-duke-of-saxe-weimar-eisenach |access-date=16 October 2023 |website=Städel Museum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=6 January 1901 |title=RULER OF SAXE-WEIMAR DEAD. |pages=7 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1901/01/06/archives/ruler-of-saxeweimar-dead-grand-duke-charles-passes-away-aged.html |access-date=16 October 2023}}</ref> Following his death, he was succeeded as Grand Duke by his grandson [[Wilhelm Ernst, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Wilhelm Ernst]], his only son Carl August having predeceased him.
==Family and children==
[[File:SophieenKarlAlexander.jpg|thumb|[[Princess Sophie of the Netherlands|Sophie van Oranje-Nassau]] with Charles Alexander]]
At [[Kneuterdijk Palace]] in [[The Hague]], on 8 October 1842, Karl Alexander married his first cousin, [[Princess Sophie of the Netherlands]], daughter of [[William II of the Netherlands|William II]] and [[Anna Pavlovna of Russia|Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna of Russia]], sister of his mother. They had four children:
#[[Charles Augustus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1844–1894)|Karl August Wilhelm Nicolaus Alexander Michael Bernhard Heinrich Frederick Stefan, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]] (b. Weimar, 31 July 1844 – d. Cap Martin, France, 20 November 1894).
#[[Princess Marie Alexandrine of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Marie Anna Alexandrine Sophie Auguste Helene]] (b. Weimar, 20 January 1849 – d. [[Trzebiechów, Zielona Góra County|Trebschen]], 6 May 1922), known as ''Marie''; married on 6 February 1876 to [[Heinrich VII, Prince Reuss of Köstritz|Prince Heinrich VII Reuss of Köstritz]].
#Maria Anna Sophia Elisabeth Bernhardine Ida Auguste Helene (b. Weimar, 29 March 1851 – d. Weimar, 26 April 1859), known as ''Anna''.
#[[Princess Elisabeth Sybille of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Elisabeth Sibylle Maria Dorothea Anna Amalie Luise]] (b. Weimar, 28 February 1854 – d. Wiligrad, 10 July 1908), known as ''Elisabeth''; married on 6 November 1886 to [[Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg|Duke Johann Albrecht of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]].
==Honours and awards==
He received the following awards:<ref>''[https://zs.thulb.uni-jena.de/rsc/viewer/jportal_derivate_00185861/Staatshandbuch_Film_Nr_16_0236.tif Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach]'' (1900), "Genealogie" pp. 1-2</ref><ref name="p84">Justus Perthes, ''Almanach de Gotha'' (1901) [https://archive.org/details/almanachdegotha00unse_80/page/84 page 84]</ref>
;German honours
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
* {{flag|Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach}}: [[Order of the White Falcon|Grand Cross of the White Falcon]], ''7 July 1818'';<ref>''[https://zs.thulb.uni-jena.de/rsc/viewer/jportal_derivate_00183875/Staatshandbuch_Film_Nr_12_0411.tif Staatshandbuch für das ... Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach]{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'' (1851), "Großherzoglicher Hausorden" p. 7</ref> Grand Master, ''8 July 1853''
* {{flagicon|Saxe-Coburg and Gotha}} {{flagicon|Saxe-Altenburg}} {{flagicon|Saxe-Meiningen}} [[Ernestine duchies]]: Grand Cross of the [[Saxe-Ernestine House Order]], ''February 1842''<ref>''Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha'' (1847), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p. [https://zs.thulb.uni-jena.de/rsc/viewer/jportal_derivate_00244774/Sachsen_Coburg_Gotha_165771801_1847_0044.tif?logicalDiv=jportal_jparticle_00476515 26]</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Saxony}}: [[Order of the Rue Crown|Knight of the Rue Crown]], ''1841''<ref>{{cite book|title=Staatshandbuch für den Freistaat Sachsen: 1870|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xxFTAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA3|year=1870|publisher=Heinrich|page=3}}</ref>
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Anhalt Duchies.png}} [[House of Ascania|Ascanian duchies]]: [[Order of Albert the Bear|Grand Cross of Albert the Bear]], ''16 March 1852''<ref>''Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Herzogtum Anhalt'' (1867) "Herzoglicher Haus-orden Albrecht des Bären" p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=TYEp3N5O48EC&pg=PA17 17]</ref>
* {{flag|Baden}}:
** Knight of the [[House Order of Fidelity]], ''1853''<ref>''Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden'' (1865), "Großherzogliche Orden" p. [https://digital.blb-karlsruhe.de/blbihd/periodical/pageview/1893787 54]</ref>
** [[Order of the Zähringer Lion|Grand Cross of the Zähringer Lion]]
* {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Bavaria}}: [[Order of St. Hubert|Knight of St. Hubert]], ''1864''<ref>{{cite book|title=Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Königreichs Bayern: 1877|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UPMxe-rjK0oC&pg=PA8|year=1877|publisher=Landesamt|page=8}}</ref>
* {{flag|Brunswick}}: [[Order of Henry the Lion|Grand Cross of Henry the Lion]], ''1859''<ref>''Braunschweigisches Adreßbuch für das Jahr 1896''. p. 3</ref>
* {{flagicon image|Flagge Großherzogtum Hessen ohne Wappen.svg}} [[Hesse and by Rhine]]: Grand Cross of the [[Ludwig Order]], ''5 August 1840''<ref>''[https://archive.org/details/hofundstaatshan00gergoog/page/n34 Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Hessen]'' (1879), "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" p. 10</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Hanover}}:<ref name="Hannover1865">{{cite book|author=Staat Hannover|title=Hof- und Staatshandbuch für das Königreich Hannover: 1865|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bAFTAAAAcAAJ|year=1865|publisher=Berenberg|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bAFTAAAAcAAJ/page/n56 38], [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bAFTAAAAcAAJ/page/n93/mode/2up 76]}}</ref>
** Grand Cross of the [[Royal Guelphic Order]], ''1849''
** [[Order of St. George (Hanover)|Knight of St. George]], ''1857''
* {{Flagicon image|Flagge Großherzogtümer Mecklenburg.svg}} [[Mecklenburg]]: [[House Order of the Wendish Crown|Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown, with Crown in Ore]]
* {{flag|Nassau}}: [[Order of the Golden Lion of Nassau|Knight of the Gold Lion of Nassau]], ''September 1858''<ref>''Staats- und Adreß-Handbuch des Herzogthums Nassau'' (1866), "Herzogliche Orden" p. [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10021632?page=24 8]</ref>
* {{flag|Oldenburg}}: [[House and Merit Order of Peter Frederick Louis|Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig]], with Golden Crown, ''25 April 1844''<ref name="Oldenburg1873">{{cite book|author=Staat Oldenburg|title=Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Oldenburg: für ... 1872/73|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NpBYAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA29|year=1873|publisher=Schulze|page=29}}</ref>
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1803-1892).svg}} [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]]:
** [[Order of the Black Eagle|Knight of the Black Eagle, with Collar]], ''14 June 1838''; with Collar, ''1856''<ref name="prus">{{citation|title=Königlich Preussische Ordensliste|journal=Preussische Ordens-Liste|volume=1|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049878831&view=1up&seq=5&skin=2021|pages=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049878831&view=1up&seq=12&skin=2021 4], [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049878831&view=1up&seq=1006&skin=2021 934]|language=German|location=Berlin|year=1886}}</ref>
** Grand Commander's Cross of the [[House Order of Hohenzollern#Royal House Order|Royal House Order of Hohenzollern]], ''9 November 1861''<ref name="prus"/>
** [[Order of the Red Eagle|Grand Cross of the Red Eagle]]
** [[Grand Cross of the Iron Cross|Grand Cross of the]] [[Iron Cross]]
** [[War Commemorative Medal of 1870/71]]
* {{flag|Schaumburg-Lippe}}: Military Merit Medal, with Swords
* {{flag|Württemberg}}: [[Order of the Crown (Württemberg)|Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown]], ''1851''<ref>''[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Pc5CAAAAYAAJ/page/n61 Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg]'' (1896), "Königliche Orden" p. 27</ref>
}}
;Foreign honours
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
* {{flag|Austrian Empire}}: [[Order of St. Stephen of Hungary|Grand Cross of St. Stephen]], ''1843''<ref>[http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm "A Szent István Rend tagjai"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222022855/http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm|date=22 December 2010}}</ref>
* {{flag|Belgium}}: Grand Cordon of the [[Order of Leopold (Belgium)|Order of Leopold]], ''26 July 1853''<ref>{{cite book|title=Almanach royal officiel, publié, exécution d'un arrête du roi|volume=1|author=H. Tarlier|year=1854|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=p35NAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA37 37]|language=fr}}</ref>
* {{flag|Empire of Brazil}}: [[Order of the Southern Cross|Grand Cross of the Southern Cross]]
* {{flag|Denmark}}: [[Order of the Elephant|Knight of the Elephant]], ''1 July 1878''<ref>{{cite book|author=Jørgen Pedersen|title=Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=glw-AQAAIAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Syddansk Universitetsforlag|language=da|isbn=978-87-7674-434-2|page=469}}</ref>
* {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg}} [[Second French Empire|French Empire]]: Grand Cross of the [[Legion of Honour]], ''10 October 1860''<ref>{{cite book| author = M. & B. Wattel | title = Les Grand'Croix de la Légion d'honneur de 1805 à nos jours. Titulaires français et étrangers |location= Paris |date = 2009 |publisher= Archives & Culture | page = 523 | isbn = 978-2-35077-135-9}}</ref>
* {{flag|Kingdom of Italy}}: [[Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation|Knight of the Annunciation, with Collar]], ''22 October 1885''<ref name="dell'interno1898">{{cite book|author=Italia : Ministero dell'interno|title=Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0dnhcmSJ6FcC&pg=PP5|year=1898|publisher=Unione tipografico-editrice|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=0dnhcmSJ6FcC&pg=PA54 54]}}</ref>
* {{flag|Empire of Japan}}: Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Chrysanthemum]], ''9 March 1882''<ref>{{cite book|author=刑部芳則|title=明治時代の勲章外交儀礼|url=http://meijiseitoku.org/pdf/f54-5.pdf|year=2017|publisher=明治聖徳記念学会紀要|language=ja|page=143}}</ref>
* {{flag|Netherlands}}:
** [[Order of the Netherlands Lion|Grand Cross of the Netherlands Lion]]
** Grand Cross of the [[Military William Order]]
* {{flag|Kingdom of Portugal}}: [[Order of the Tower and Sword|Grand Cross of the Tower and Sword]], ''1854''
* {{flag|Russian Empire}}:
** [[Order of St. Andrew|Knight of St. Andrew, with Collar]]
** [[Order of St. Alexander Nevsky|Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky]]
** [[Order of the White Eagle (Russia)|Knight of the White Eagle]]
** [[Order of St. Anna|Knight of St. Anna, 1st Class]]
** [[Order of St. George|Knight of St. George, 4th Class]]
* {{flagcountry|Restoration (Spain)}}:
** Grand Cross of the [[Order of Charles III]], ''10 December 1861''<ref>{{citation|chapter-url=http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000941464&search=&lang=es|chapter=Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III|title=Guía Oficial de España|date=1887|access-date=21 March 2019|page=158|language=es}}</ref>
** [[Order of the Golden Fleece|Knight of the Golden Fleece, with Collar]], ''1 June 1875''<ref>{{citation|chapter-url=http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000941464&search=&lang=es|chapter=Caballeros de la insigne orden del toisón de oro|title=Guía Oficial de España|date=1887|access-date=21 March 2019|page=146|language=es}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Sweden|1844}} {{flagicon|Norway|1844}} [[Sweden-Norway]]:
** [[Order of the Seraphim|Knight of the Seraphim]], ''9 June 1875''<ref>{{citation|title=Sveriges statskalender|year=1877|page=369|url=https://runeberg.org/statskal/1877/0393.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=2018-01-06|language=sv}}</ref>
** [[Order of St. Olav|Grand Cross of St. Olav]], ''23 July 1882''<ref>{{cite web|title=Norges Statskalender|year=1890|pages=595–596|url=https://runeberg.org/norkal/1890/0356.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=2018-01-06|language=sv}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Tuscany|habsburg}} [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]: [[Order of Saint Joseph|Grand Cross of St. Joseph]]
}}
==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach '''
|2= 2. [[Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]]
|3= 3. [[Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (1786–1859)|Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia]]
|4= 4. [[Charles Augustus, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]]
|5= 5. [[Princess Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt (1757–1830)|Princess Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt]]
|6= 6. [[Paul I of Russia]]
|7= 7. [[Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg)|Duchess Sophie Dorothea of Württemburg]]
|8= 8. [[Ernest Augustus II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]]
|9= 9. [[Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]
|10= 10. [[Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt]]
|11= 11. [[Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken]]
|12= 12. [[Peter III of Russia]]
|13= 13. [[Catherine II of Russia]]
|14= 14. [[Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg]]
|15= 15. [[Princess Friederike of Brandenburg-Schwedt]]
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-roy|de}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Karl Frederick]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]]|years=1853–1901}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Wilhelm Ernst, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Wilhelm Ernst]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Princes of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Charles Alexander of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Grand Duke}}
[[Category:1818 births]]
[[Category:1901 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]]
[[Category:Princes of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]]
[[Category:Hereditary grand dukes of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]]
[[Category:Nobility from Weimar]]
[[Category:Grand dukes of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]]
[[Category:Hans Christian Andersen]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary]]
[[Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain]]