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{{short description|American education technology company}}
{{Infobox website
| name = Chegg, Inc.
| logo = Chegg_logo.svg
| company_type = [[Public company]]
| traded_as = {{ubl|{{NYSE|CHGG}}|[[Russell 2000]] component}}
| foundation = {{Start date and age|2006|07}}
| founder = {{nowrap|Aayush Phumbhra}}<br />{{nowrap|[[Osman Rashid]]}}<br />{{nowrap|Josh Carlson}}
| location = [[Santa Clara, California]], U.S.
| industry = [[Education]]<br />{{nowrap|[[Online retailing]]}}
| products = {{nowrap|[[Book rental service|Online textbook rental]]}}<br />{{nowrap|[[Digital textbook|eTextbooks]]}}<br />{{nowrap|[[E-learning|Online learning]]}}<br />{{nowrap|[[Online tutoring]]}}<br />{{nowrap|[[Social group|Networking]]}}
| key_people = {{nowrap|[[Nathan Schultz]],}}<br />{{nowrap|[[President (corporate title)|president]] and [[CEO]]}}
| revenue = {{nowrap|{{decrease}} {{US$|767 million|link=yes}} (2022)}}
| operating_income = {{nowrap|{{decrease}} US$8.96 million (2022)}}
| net_income = {{nowrap|{{increase}} US$267 million (2022)}}
| assets = {{nowrap|{{decrease}} US$2.47 billion (2022)}}
| equity = {{nowrap|{{increase}} US$1.12 billion (2022)}}
| num_employees = {{nowrap|2,071 (Dec 2022)}}
| subsidiaries = {{nowrap|[[Busuu]]}}<br />{{nowrap|[[Chegg Tutors]]}}<br />{{nowrap|[[Zinch]]}}<br />{{nowrap|[[StudyBlue]]}}<br />{{nowrap|[[Notehall]]}}<br />{{nowrap|[[Cramster]]}}
| website = {{URL|chegg.com}}
| footnotes = <ref name="10-K 2022">{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1364954/000136495423000013/chgg-20221231.htm|title=2022 Annual Report|publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]]|date=February 21, 2023}}</ref>
}}
'''Chegg, Inc.''', is an American [[Educational technology|education technology]] company based in [[Santa Clara, California]]. It provides homework help, digital and physical textbook rentals, textbooks, [[online tutoring]], and other student services.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fool.com/investing/2018/03/22/is-it-time-to-take-a-more-serious-look-at-chegg-in.aspx|title=Is It Time to Take a More Serious Look at Chegg, Inc.? -|last=Sharma|first=Asit|date=2018-03-22|website=The Motley Fool|language=en|access-date=2019-05-02}}</ref>
The company was launched in 2006, and began trading publicly on the [[New York Stock Exchange]] in November 2013. As of March 2020, the company reported having 2.9 million subscribers to Chegg Services.<ref name="First Quarter 2020">{{cite news|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200504005627/en/Chegg-Reports-Quarter-2020-Financial-Results |title=Chegg Reports First Quarter 2020 Financial Results |format=press release |work=Business Wire |date=May 4, 2020 |access-date=August 5, 2020}}</ref> The services provided by Chegg have been controversial because there have been reports of student cheating using Chegg services.
==History==
=== 2000s ===
In October 2000, [[Iowa State University]] students Josh Carlson, Mike Seager, and Mark Fiddleke launched Chegg's forerunner, Cheggpost, a [[Craigslist]]-style message board for Iowa State students.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iowastatedaily.com/news/auction-site-connects-buyers-and-sellers/article_e0bf5fb2-23c6-5631-a556-fe73fd8685c6.html |title=Auction site connects buyers and sellers |date=October 19, 2000 |website=Iowa State Daily |author=Nate Engelberth |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105010419/https://iowastatedaily.com/news/auction-site-connects-buyers-and-sellers/article_e0bf5fb2-23c6-5631-a556-fe73fd8685c6.html |access-date=2023-01-06| archive-date=2020-11-05}}</ref><ref name=":022">{{Cite book|title=International directory of company histories.|last=Pederson|date=2013|publisher=St. James Press|isbn=9781414482224|pages=115|oclc=833188977}}</ref> ''Chegg'' is a combination of the words ''chicken'' and ''egg'', and references the founders’ [[Catch-22 (logic)|catch-22]] feeling of being unable to obtain a job without experience, while being unable to acquire experience without a job.<ref name="tws26jan4b">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/05/business/05ping.html|title=We Rent Movies, So Why Not Textbooks?|author=Miguel Helft|date=July 4, 2009| access-date=2010-01-26|newspaper=The New York Times|quote=... calculated that his bill for books that semester would have been $334 with Chegg, far less than the $657 he paid...}}</ref>
Carlson then teamed with Iowa State MBA [[Osman Rashid]], an avid user of the site who recognized its potential to disrupt the textbook market, which had "drastically outpaced the rate of [[inflation]]".<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/leadership/fast-growing-chegg-aims-for-high-marks-with-students/222655|title=Fast-Growing Chegg Aims for High Marks with Students|first=Lisa|last=Girard|date=January 18, 2012|website=Entrepreneur}}</ref> The company was incorporated in 2005 by Carlson, Rashid, and Aayush Phumbhra.<ref name=":022"/> At that time, it offered scholarship searches, internship matching, and college application advice.<ref name=":3"/> Some initial start-up funding was provided by Rashid.<ref name=MoneyInc>{{Cite web|url=https://moneyinc.com/chegg-turned-education-upside/|title=How Chegg Has Turned Education Upside Down|first=Garrett|last=Parker|date=November 7, 2016}}</ref>
In February 2006, Carlson left the company.<ref name=MoneyInc/> Phumbhra and Rashid rebranded, launching Chegg, Inc. in December 2007, with Rashid as CEO. After ending services unrelated to renting and purchasing textbooks,<ref name=":022"/> the company adjusted its business model to reflect that of [[Netflix]]'s rental-based model, concentrating on renting textbooks to students,<ref name="tws26jan4b"/><ref name=tws26jan11a21ax1>{{cite news|author=Julie Schmit|title=Chegg CEO Rashid applies Netflix concept to textbooks|work=USA Today|date=2009-01-12|url=https://www.usatoday.com/money/companies/management/entre/2009-01-11-chegg-rashid_N.htm|access-date=2010-01-26}}</ref> and Chegg expanded to a national market.<ref name=Forbes/> It later added goods and student services through corporate acquisitions.<ref name=Forbes>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/helencoster/2012/01/25/chegg/|title=Apple Creates New Wrinkle In Start-Up's Plan To Disrupt Textbook Industry|first=Helen|last=Coster|website=Forbes}}</ref>
In 2008, revenues were about $10 million; in 2009, revenues for the month of January were reported as $10 million.<ref name="Miguel Helft">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/05/business/05ping.html|title=We Rent Movies, So Why Not Textbooks?|author=Miguel Helft|date=July 4, 2009|access-date=2010-01-26|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref>
=== 2010s ===
Following a brief tenure by former [[Ask.com]] and [[Match.com]] CEO [[Jim Safka]] in 2009,<ref name="NYT">{{Cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/02/02/drosensweig-lands-at-textbook-renter-cheggcom/|title=Rosensweig Lands at Textbook Renter Chegg.com|first=Miguel|last=Helft|date=February 3, 2010|website=Bits Blog}}</ref> former [[Guitar Hero]] CEO [[Dan Rosensweig]] was appointed CEO in 2010.<ref name=Forbes2012>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kymmcnicholas/2011/08/18/dan-rosensweig-his-journey-from-yahoo-to-guitar-hero-then-chegg/|title=Dan Rosensweig: His Journey From Yahoo To Guitar Hero Then Chegg| last=McNicholas|first=Kym| website=Forbes| language=en|access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Adams |first=Susan |title=This $12 Billion Company Is Getting Rich Off Students Cheating Their Way Through Covid |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2021/01/28/this-12-billion-company-is-getting-rich-off-students-cheating-their-way-through-covid/ |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> In 2010, Omar Rashid created a marketing program in cooperation with students from SUNY Caton to launch  the textbook company  in the rental market as opposed to purchases awhile he continued  to make pitches to  an Asian investor group   that also invested  in an online marketing company named that issues digital coupons  for stores to take the company public.
Chegg began trading shares publicly on the [[New York Stock Exchange]] in November 2013.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2013/11/12/chegg-prices-its-i-p-o-at-12-50-a-share/|title=Chegg Prices Its I.P.O. at $12.50 a Share|last=De La Merced|first=Michael|date=12 November 2013}}</ref> Its [[IPO]] was reported to have raised $187.5 million, with an initial market capitalization of about $1.1 billion.<ref name=":6">{{cite news| url=http://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/news/2013/11/12/chegg-tops-ipo-targets-valuation.html | title=Chegg stock stumbles after IPO tops targets}}</ref>
In 2014, Chegg entered a partnership with book distributor [[Ingram Content Group]] to distribute all of Chegg's physical textbook rentals.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/05/business/media/chegg-finds-partner-to-handle-its-textbooks.html|title=Chegg Finds Partner to Handle Its Textbooks|last=Merced|first=Michael J. de la|date=2014-08-04|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-02-27|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2014/08/04/ingram-books-strikes-distribution-partnership-with-chegg/|title=Chegg Strikes Distribution Partnership With Ingram Books, Announces 15% Boost In Earnings From Digital Services|first=Sarah|last=Buhr|date=August 4, 2014}}</ref>
In April 2017, Chegg and [[Pearson Education]] began a textbook rental partnership;<ref name="thebookseller.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/pearson-partner-chegg-textbook-rentals-534631|title=Pearson to partner with Chegg on textbook rentals {{!}} The Bookseller|website=www.thebookseller.com|language=en|access-date=2017-09-26}}</ref> In the pilot program, the publisher [[Pearson plc|Pearson]] made 50 editions of high-volume textbooks (both digital and print) available only to rent. Chegg served as the exclusive rental outlet.<ref name="thebookseller.com"/>
In September 2018, Chegg announced a data breach had occurred in April 2018 that may have involved 40 million active and inactive registered users. The breach may have included data such as user names, Chegg passwords, email addresses, and shipping addresses. The company reported that social security numbers and bank account information were not affected by the breach.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1364954/000136495418000187/cyrus.htm|title=CURRENT REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934|publisher=Security and Exchange Commission|access-date=29 September 2018}}</ref>
=== 2020s ===
As of March 2020, the company reported having 2.9 million subscribers to Chegg Services.<ref name="First Quarter 2020" /> Chegg experienced significant growth during the [[COVID-19]] pandemic, experiencing a triple-digit rise on the stock market that was credited to the rise of [[distance education]] during the pandemic.<ref name=":5" /> In 2021, Chegg was declared the "most valuable edtech company in America" by ''[[Forbes]]''.<ref name=":4" />
In June 2021, Chegg unveiled Uversity, a new educational platform that will provide a space for professors and other educators to share content.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Greig|first=Jonathan|title=Chegg unveils new 'Uversity' content platform for US teachers|url=https://www.zdnet.com/education/chegg-announces-new-uversity-platform-for-us-teachers/|access-date=2021-06-14|website=ZDNet|language=en}}</ref> In the same year, Chegg partnered with Varkey Foundation to launch Global Student Prize to recognise outstanding students that make an impact to local or international communities.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 July 2022 |title=UK Finalists for 2022 Global Student Prize |work=FE News |url=https://www.fenews.co.uk/education/uk-finalists-for-2022-global-student-prize/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721032223/https://www.fenews.co.uk/education/uk-finalists-for-2022-global-student-prize/ |access-date=25 July 2022|archive-date=2022-07-21 }}</ref>
On a May 1, 2023, earnings call, CEO Dan Rosensweig identified the rise of [[ChatGPT]] as a potential obstacle for the company's growth. The next day, Chegg's stock price collapsed by 48% in response.<ref name="bloomberg_may23">{{cite news |last1=Turner |first1=Nick |title=ChatGPT Threat Sparks 38% Selloff in Homework-Help Firm Chegg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-05-02/chegg-plunges-after-warning-that-ai-is-threatening-its-business?sref=CIpmV6x8 |access-date=3 May 2023 |work=Bloomberg.com |date=2 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Chegg announced that it would launch a [[GPT-4]] powered AI platform called Cheggmate later in May 2023.<ref name="bloomberg_may23"/> By June, CheggMate was in testing mode, but wasn't expected to publicly launch until 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dave |first=Paresh |title=Chegg Embraced AI. ChatGPT Ate Its Lunch Anyway |url=https://www.wired.com/story/chegg-embraced-ai-chatgpt-ate-its-lunch-anyway/ |access-date=2024-11-09 |work=Wired |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028}}</ref>
By November 2024, Chegg's stock price had fallen 99%, primarily because of competition from ChatGPT.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kruppa |first=Miles |date=November 9, 2024 |title=How ChatGPT Brought Down an Online Education Giant |url=https://www.wsj.com/tech/ai/how-chatgpt-brought-down-an-online-education-giant-200b4ff2 |access-date=November 9, 2024 |website=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref>
==Acquisitions==
In 2010, Ramurunzi M approached Chegg and made its first acquisition, purchasing CourseRank,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://techcrunch.com/2010/06/05/teardown-chegg/%20|title=TC Teardown: Chegg Is A Money Machine|date=June 5, 2018}}</ref> which was disabled in 2014.<ref name=StanfordDaily>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stanforddaily.com/2014/11/09/courserank-to-be-taken-down-at-the-end-of-the-month/|title=CourseRank to be taken down at the end of the month|last=Cao|first=Vincent|date=2014-11-10|website=The Stanford Daily|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref> In the same year, Chegg also acquired [[Cramster.com|Cramster]], a provider of online homework help,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allthingsd.com/20101208/exclusive-chegg-buys-cramster/|title=Exclusive: Chegg Buys Cramster}}</ref> and [[Notehall]], an online marketplace for class notes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://venturebeat.com/business/sec-filing-chegg-notehall/|title=SEC filing cracks the egg on Chegg's Notehall purchase|first=Meghan|last=Kelly|date=July 8, 2011}}</ref>
In 2011, Chegg acquired [[Zinch]], a scholarship search and networking service for high school students and college recruiters, and continues to offer the service, under the Chegg brand name.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allthingsd.com/20110915/chegg-buys-zinch-in-another-move-toward-a-social-education-platform/|title=Chegg Buys Zinch in Another Move Toward a "Social Education Platform"}}</ref> Chegg acquired software company 3D3R in late 2011 to develop its digital textbook product, kickstart its mobile product group, and open an engineering office in [[Rehovot|Rehovot, Israel]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Chegg Acquires Software Company Flux / 3D3R, SEC Filing Reveals|url=https://techcrunch.com/2011/11/14/chegg-acquires-software-company-flux-3d3r-sec-filing-reveals/|access-date=2020-06-14|website=TechCrunch|date=14 November 2011 |language=en-US}}</ref> In June 2014 Chegg acquired online tutoring platform InstaEDU, for a reported $30 million,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/DJFVW00020140603ea63lel20|title=Chegg Acquires Tutoring-On-Demand Site InstaEDU in $30M Cash Deal|last=Kolodny|first=Lora|date=2014-06-04|work=Wall Street Journal|access-date=2019-02-27|language=en-US|issn=0099-9660}}</ref> renaming the division [[Chegg Tutors]],<ref name=StanfordDaily/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fortune.com/2014/06/03/chegg-buys-instaedu-in-transition-away-from-book-rentals/|title=Chegg buys InstaEDU in transition away from book rentals|website=Fortune}}</ref> and in October 2014 it acquired Internships.com.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}
In 2017, Chegg acquired [[RefME]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://universityofglasgowlibrary.wordpress.com/2017/02/14/refme-becomes-cite-this-for-me/|title = RefME becomes Cite This for Me|date = 14 February 2017}}</ref> a free [[Reference management software|citation management tool]] available on web, [[iOS]] and [[Android (operating system)|Android]]. It was shut down on March 7, 2017,  and user accounts were transferred over to CiteThisForMe,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.citethisforme.com/|title=Save Time and Improve your Marks with CiteThisForMe, The No. 1 Citation Tool|website=Cite This For Me}}</ref> Chegg's own citation service.
Chegg acquired Imagine Easy Solutions, a provider of online bibliography and research tools, for a reported $42 million, in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/05/02/chegg-acquires-imagine-easy-solutions-the-company-behind-easybib-bibme-and-citation-machine/|title=Chegg acquires Imagine Easy Solutions, the company behind EasyBib, BibMe and Citation Machine|last=Lardinois|first=Frederic|website=TechCrunch|date=2 May 2016 |access-date=2017-05-06}}</ref> In 2017, the company acquired Cogeon GmbH, a German [[Mathematics education|math education]] provider, for $15 million cash;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fool.com/investing/2018/03/22/is-it-time-to-take-a-more-serious-look-at-chegg-in.aspx|title=Is It Time to Take a More Serious Look at Chegg, Inc.? -|last=Sharma|first=Asit|date=2018-03-22|website=The Motley Fool|language=en|access-date=2019-05-31}}</ref>
In 2018, Chegg acquired WriteLab, which uses [[Artificial intelligence|AI]] to analyze text and suggest improvements,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexandrasternlicht/2018/05/25/his-company-writelab-was-acquired-by-chegg-before-he-turned-30/| title=His Company WriteLab Was Acquired by Chegg Before He Turned 30| last=Sternlicht|first=Alexandra|website=Forbes|language=en| access-date=2019-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.edsurge.com/news/2018-05-16-chegg-cuts-15-million-check-to-buy-ai-feedback-tool-writelab|title=Chegg Cuts $15 Million Check to Buy AI-Feedback Tool, WriteLab - EdSurge News|date=2018-05-16|website=EdSurge|language=en|access-date=2019-05-03}}</ref> and online [[Flashcard|flash card]] tool [[StudyBlue]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://investor.chegg.com/Press-Releases/press-release-details/2018/Chegg-Enhances-Content-And-Flash-Card-Tools-Offering-With-Acquisition-Of-StudyBlue-To-Increase-Value-for-Students-And-Expand-Addressable-Market/|title=Chegg Enhances Content And Flash Card Tools Offering With Acquisition Of StudyBlue, To Increase Value for Students And Expand Addressable Market|website=investor.chegg.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/chegg-chgg-acquires-studyblue-bolsters-content-offering-2018-07-03|title=Chegg (CHGG) Acquires StudyBlue, Bolsters Content Offering|last=Zacks|website=www.nasdaq.com|language=en|access-date=2020-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vistapointadvisors.com/chegg-acquires-studyblue/|title=Chegg Acquires StudyBlue {{!}} Vista Point Advisors|website=vistapointadvisors.com|access-date=2020-03-27}}</ref> During late 2019, Chegg acquired online coding, design, and data science school Thinkful,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2019/09/05/chegg-acquire-coding-boot-camp|title=Chegg to Acquire Coding Boot Camp &#124; Inside Higher Ed|website=www.insidehighered.com|date=5 September 2019 }}</ref> for $80 million cash plus $20 million in cash or stock based on performance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.edsurge.com/news/2019-09-04-chegg-to-buy-coding-bootcamp-thinkful-for-80-million|title=Chegg to Buy Coding Bootcamp Thinkful for $80 Million|date=2019-09-04|website=EdSurge|language=en|access-date=2022-07-10}}</ref>
In 2021, Chegg acquired the [[Computer-assisted language learning|language learning software service]] Busuu for $436 million. [[Busuu]], a once private company, is now fully integrated into Chegg.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-29|title=Chegg to Enter Rapidly Expanding Digital Language Learning Market with Acquisition of Busuu|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20211129005427/en/Chegg-to-Enter-Rapidly-Expanding-Digital-Language-Learning-Market-with-Acquisition-of-Busuu|access-date=2022-01-19|website=www.businesswire.com|language=en}}</ref>
==Leadership==
[[File:Chegg headquarters.jpg|thumb|Chegg headquarters in Santa Clara]]
As of 2024, Chegg's board of directors consists of:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Board of Directors |url=https://investor.chegg.com/Corporate-Governance/Board-of-Directors/default.aspx |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=Chegg}}</ref>
*[[Dan Rosensweig]], [[Chairman of the Board|co-chair]], president and [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] at Chegg
* Sarah Bond, Microsoft Corporation
* Richard Sarnoff, co-chair at Chegg; chair at [[Kohlberg Kravis Roberts|KKR & Co.]]
* Renee Budig, [[Vice president#Hierarchy of vice presidents|EVP]] and [[Chief Financial Officer|CFO]] at [[CBS Interactive]]
*[[Melanie Whelan]], [[Summit Partners]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wrcbtv.com/story/40618965/chegg-appoints-melanie-whelan-to-board-of-directors|title=Chegg appoints Melanie Whelan to Board of Directors|website=www.wrcbtv.com|language=en|access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref>
*[[Marne Levine]], [[Vice president#Hierarchy of vice presidents|VP]] at [[Facebook]]
*Marcela Martin
* Ted Schlein, partner at [[Kleiner Perkins]]
*[[Jed York]], co-chair at [[San Francisco 49ers]]
*[[Paul LeBlanc (university president)|Paul J. LeBlanc]], president at [[Southern New Hampshire University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://investor.chegg.com/Press-Releases/press-release-details/2019/Chegg-appoints-Dr-Paul-J-LeBlanc-to-Board-of-Directors/default.aspx|title=Chegg appoints Dr. Paul J. LeBlanc to Board of Directors|publisher=Chegg, Inc.|access-date=July 29, 2019}}</ref>
==Academic misconduct controversy==
Some services offered by Chegg have been repeatedly documented as being problematic.<ref name=":1" /> These services include "homework help" where "Chegg experts" solve homework questions for students.<ref>
{{cite news|url=https://edintegrity.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1007/s40979-021-00070-0 |title=Contract cheating by STEM students through a file sharing website: a Covid-19 pandemic perspective |journal=[[International Journal for Educational Integrity]] |date=2021 |doi=10.1007/s40979-021-00070-0 |access-date=Mar 23, 2021|last1=Lancaster |first1=Thomas |last2=Cotarlan |first2=Codrin |volume=17 }}
</ref> Academic file-sharing<ref>Rogerson, A. M., & Basanta, G. (2016). Peer-to-peer file sharing and academic integrity in the Internet age. In [[Tracey Bretag|T. Bretag]] (Ed.), ''Handbook of Academic Integrity'' (pp. 273-285). Singapore: Springer.</ref><ref name=":2">Eaton, S. E. (2020). Academic Integrity During COVID-19: Reflections from the University of Calgary. ''International Studies in Educational Administration, 48''(1), 80-85. Retrieved from https://prism.ucalgary.ca/handle/1880/112293</ref> also occurs in the form of students posting homework question sheets soliciting answers. Academic file-sharing has been documented as being a form of [[Academic Dishonesty|violation of academic integrity]] at many schools.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Blau|first1=Ina|last2=Goldberg|first2=Shira|last3=Friedman|first3=Adi|last4=Eshet-Alkalai|first4=Yoram|date=2020-07-22|title=Violation of digital and analog academic integrity through the eyes of faculty members and students: Do institutional role and technology change ethical perspectives?|url= |journal=Journal of Computing in Higher Education|volume=33|issue=1|pages=157–187|language=en|doi=10.1007/s12528-020-09260-0|issn=1042-1726|pmc=7375033|pmid=32837125}}</ref>
In February 2019, Chegg formed a partnership with [[Purdue University]]'s [[Online Writing Lab]] (OWL), to make online educational writing tools more accessible to its students.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/releases/2019/Q1/the-purdue-university-online-writing-lab-and-chegg-partner-to-make-world-class-writing-education-tools-more-accessible.html|title=The Purdue University Online Writing Lab and Chegg Partner to Make World-Class Writing Education Tools More Accessible|last=Pratt|first=Kati|website=Purdue.edu|publisher=Purdue University|date=February 6, 2019|access-date=November 19, 2019}}</ref> The affiliation was met by some faculty criticism, alluding to Chegg helping students cheat;<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2019/03/12/purdue-professors-criticize-writing-partnership-chegg|title=The Wrong Partnership?|last=Mckenzie|first=Lindsay|website=InsideHigherEd.com|date=March 12, 2019|access-date=November 19, 2019}}</ref> OWL director Harry Denny reported that he did not expect Purdue's reputation to suffer as a result, stating, "My experience has been that the company is committed to partnering with faculty and administration to address their concerns." [[Purdue University]] prohibits students soliciting answers using Chegg's homework help: "While Chegg can be helpful to access textbooks and more practice problems, using this resource to find assignment answers is considered academic dishonesty because it is a form of copying and plagiarism.".<ref>
{{cite web
|url=https://www.purdue.edu/odos/osrr/honor-pledge/examples.html
|title=Everyday Examples of Academic Dishonesty
|publisher=Purdue University
}}
</ref>
A report published by Citron Research in July 2019 claims that "Chegg has created forums to circumvent [[Turnitin]], proving that Chegg is helping users continue institutionalized cheating".<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://citronresearch.com/the-poster-child-for-institutionalized-academic-cheating/|website=citronresearch.com|title=Institutionalized Cheating is No Longer OK|date=22 March 2019}}</ref>
During the 2020 [[COVID-19 pandemic]], controversy around Chegg and companies offering similar services escalated, as many students pivoted to personal computers from school computers that limited access to those sites.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Georgia Tech warns" /> For example, [[Georgia Tech]] alerted students in a physics class that certain students in the class had cheated on their online final exam by using answers posted on Chegg,<ref name="Georgia Tech warns">{{cite news|url=https://www.ajc.com/blog/get-schooled/georgia-tech-warns-physics-students-who-cheated-admit-risk-failing/3iQOCvBiwuqEXQivS63VqK/ |title=Georgia Tech warns physics students who cheated: Admit it or risk failing |first=Maureen |last=Downey |work=[[The Atlanta Journal-Constitution]] |date= May 4, 2020 |access-date=August 5, 2020}}</ref> certain students in a chemistry class at [[Boston University]] were found to have similarly cheated on an online exam,<ref name="looking to limit">{{cite news|url=https://dailyfreepress.com/2020/04/28/chemistry-and-physics-department-looking-to-limit-cheating/ |title=Chemistry and physics departments looking to limit cheating |first=Allison |last=Pirog |work=[[The Daily Free Press]] |date=April 28, 2020 |access-date=August 5, 2020}}</ref> students from two chemistry classes at the [[University of British Columbia]] were accused of using Chegg for cheating on exams, including using two incorrect answers posted on Chegg,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vancouver.citynews.ca/2020/12/19/ubc-students-cheating-consequences/|title=CityNews|website=vancouver.citynews.ca}}</ref> and solutions to a physics exam at [[Washington University in St. Louis]] were posted on Chegg during the exam period.<ref name="integrity breach">{{cite news|url=https://www.studlife.com/news/2020/04/15/arts-sciences-investigates-physics-192-academic-integrity-breach/ |title=Arts & Sciences investigates Physics 192 academic integrity breach |first=Jayla |last=Butler |work=[[Student Life (newspaper)|Student Life]] |date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=August 5, 2020}}</ref> Chegg cooperated with the investigations.<ref name="Georgia Tech warns" /><ref name="looking to limit" /><ref name="integrity breach" /> A study published in 2020 has found that Chegg answers student questions even though the questions have clear cues to indicate that the student is trying to buy answers for a current assessed activity—the questions are neither identified nor flagged as violations of academic integrity anywhere in the process.<ref>
{{cite conference
| url = https://dividni.com/papers/TALE2020-PaperPDF.pdf
| title = Contract Cheating in Computer Science: A Case Study
| doi = 10.1109/TALE48869.2020.9368454
| date = December 2020
| publisher = IEEE Xplore
| book-title = 2020 IEEE International Conference on Teaching, Assessment, and Learning for Engineering (TALE)
| pages = 91–98
| last1 = Manoharan
| first1 = Sathiamoorthy
| last2 = Speidel
| first2 = Ulrich
| isbn = 978-1-7281-6942-2
}}
</ref>
Some universities explicitly forbid students from using Chegg's homework help services.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=https://www.curtin.edu.au/students/essentials/rights/academic-integrity/contract-cheating
|title=Contract cheating
|website=www.curtin.edu.au
|publisher=Curtin University
}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web
|url=https://academicintegrity.cs.auckland.ac.nz
|title=Academic Integrity at the School of Computer Science
|website=www.cs.auckland.ac.nz
|publisher=University of Auckland
}}
</ref>
Some professors have responded to students using Chegg to cheat on assignments and exams by posting fake responses to the questions themselves, in an effort to catch students who used Chegg to cheat by seeing who used the fake solution as their answer on the assignment or exam.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatimes.com/amp/trending/wtf/professor-adds-a-fake-question-to-catch-students-cheating-in-exams-it-worked-502262.html | title=To Catch Students Cheating in Exam, Professor Comes up with a Fake Question Trap & Succeeds! | date=13 December 2019 }}</ref>
It has also been reported that students have been subjected to [[blackmail]] after having used the services of Chegg.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/special/coronavirus/2020/10/03/dishonour-system
|title=Dishonour system
|publisher=www.winnipegfreepress.com
}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web
|url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/education/2021/11/09/chegg-cheating-grades-blackmail-claim/6104945001/
|title=Millions of college students use Chegg, which professors say enables cheating – and possibly blackmail
|publisher=eu.usatoday.com
}}
</ref>
While Chegg shared information such as usernames, emails, or [[IP addresses]] to colleges, in August 2022, Chegg changed its "honor code policy" to limit the information they provide to universities and colleges. Chegg says that this change is to protect student privacy.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=https://www.statepress.com/article/2022/10/students-use-chegg
|title=Chegg no longer sharing student information
|website=www.statepress.com
}}
</ref>
In England's ''Higher Education Cheating Services Prohibition Bill'', Chegg has been mentioned as an example of a website offering cheating services.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/lords/2021-06-25/debates/D3B82A45-BA9D-4DBF-8D25-C2DD132B2161/HigherEducationCheatingServicesProhibitionBill
|title=Higher Education Cheating Services
|website=hansard.parliament.uk
|publisher=UK Government
}}
</ref>
[[Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency]] (TEQSA) alleges that Chegg has violated Australian laws by providing contract cheating services, and commenced legal proceedings against Chegg in October 2024.
<ref>
{{cite web
|url=https://www.teqsa.gov.au/about-us/news-and-events/latest-news/teqsa-commences-legal-proceedings-against-chegg
|title=TEQSA commences legal proceedings against Chegg
|website=www.teqsa.gov.au
|publisher=TEQSA
}}
</ref>
==Chegg Services and textbook rentals==
By 2016, textbook rentals and student services were about even in company revenues;<ref name="MSanalysis">{{Cite web|url=https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/CHEGG-INC-14850704/news/|title=CHEGG, INC. : Stock Market News and Information &#124; CHGG&#124; US1630921096 &#124; MarketScreener|website=www.marketscreener.com|date=28 June 2023 }}</ref> by 2018, Chegg Services reported 3.1 million subscribers,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/chegg-chgg-tops-q4-earnings-134101113.html|title=Chegg (CHGG) Tops Q4 Earnings Estimates, Raises '19 View|website=finance.yahoo.com|date=12 February 2019 }}</ref> with services accounting for 79% of revenue. Students may search for both scholarships and internships on the website, and typically pay to access Chegg Services, such as Study, Advanced Writing, Tutors, and Math Solver, on a monthly basis.<ref name=MSanalysis/>
Chegg was sued by Pearson for breach of copyright in 2021, alleging that Chegg infringed on its copyright by selling answers to end-of-chapter questions included in Pearson textbooks.<ref>[https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2021/09/15/pearson-sues-former-partner-chegg-copyright-infringement Pearson sues former partner Chegg for copyright infringement]</ref> In December 2019 – 2020, Doordash entered an agreement with  Chegg to deliver  books for e-bike deliverymen in urban restaurants that contribute  to the scholarship.
==Music 101==
Chegg sponsors music instruction contests for colleges in a program named Music 101. These conclude with live classroom instruction by noted music artists, and a $10,000 grant from its David B. Goldberg Music Scholarship fund for the winning school music department. In 2019, the company launched its ninth annual Chegg Music 101 campaign featuring [[Yungblud|YUNGBLUD]]. Previous events have featured [[U2]], [[Imagine Dragons]], [[Taylor Swift]], [[Ed Sheeran]], [[Shawn Mendes]], [[Steve Aoki]], and [[Liam Payne]].<ref>[http://www.insideradio.com/free/chegg-looking-for-a-come-up-in-school-contest/article_3e972002-5085-11e5-9e08-b7ac838495ac.html "Chegg Looking For A Come-Up In School Contest"]; ''[[InsideRadio]]''<span>; September 1, 2015.</span></ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://article.wn.com/view/2019/09/16/Vote_to_bring_Chegg_Music_101_with_YUNGBLUD_to_your_school_v/|title=Vote to bring Chegg Music 101 with YUNGBLUD to your school|website=article.wn.com}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[Amazon Kindle#Textbook rentals|Amazon textbook rentals]]
* [[BookRenter]]
* [[Course Hero]]
* [[CourseSmart]]
* [[Google Play Books#Books on Google Play|Books on Google Play]]
* [[Tutor.com]]
* [[Zovio]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links ==
* {{Finance links
| name = Chegg, Inc.
| symbol = CHGG
| sec_cik = 1364954
| yahoo = CHGG
| google = CHGG:NYSE
| bloomberg = CHGG:US
}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:2005 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Book rental]]
[[Category:Book selling websites]]
[[Category:Cheating in school]]
[[Category:Companies based in Santa Clara, California]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Education companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Education companies established in 2005]]
[[Category:Retail companies established in 2005]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2005]]
[[Category:Textbook business]]
[[Category:2013 initial public offerings]]
[[Category:American educational websites]]
[[Category:Online tutoring]]