View source for Christian Community Churches of New Zealand

{{Short description|Network of churches in New Zealand}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=April 2024}}
{{use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox Christian denomination
| name = Christian Community Churches of New Zealand
| image = CCCNZ.jpg
| imagewidth =
| caption =
| main_classification = [[Protestant]]
| orientation = [[Plymouth Brethren]]
| polity = [[Congregationalist polity|Congregationalist]]
| founder = [[James George Deck]]<ref name="bruederbewegung.de"/>
| founded_date = 1863
| founded_place = [[Ngātīmoti]]
| separated_from = [[Exclusive Brethren]]/[[Plymouth Brethren Christian Church|PBCC]], 1875
| leader/moderator =
| leader =
| parent =
| merger =
| separations =
| fellowships =
| associations =
| area = [[New Zealand]]
| hospitals =
| nursing_homes =
| aid =
| congregations = 202<ref name="Mandryk 2010 632"/>
| members = 16,164 (including children)<ref name="Mandryk 2010 632"/>
| ministers =
| missionaries = 150<ref name="GCim"/>
| temples =
| primary_schools =
| secondary_schools =
| tertiary =
| footnotes =
| website =  {{URL|cccnz.nz}}
}}
The '''Christian Community Churches of New Zealand''' (formerly known as the '''Christian Brethren Church of New Zealand''') is the name by which churches in the [[Open Brethren]] movement in [[New Zealand]] are publicly known. They adopted the new name, as did their counterparts in Australia (the [[Christian Community Churches of Australia]]) to avoid confusion with the similarly named [[Plymouth Brethren Christian Church]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cavycommunitychurch.org.nz/our-history/ |title=Our History |accessdate=2022-07-26 |archive-url= |archive-date=|url-status=}}</ref>
It is not a denomination in the organizational sense, but a loose network of like-minded autonomous local churches, or "assemblies", as Brethren churches are generally known. According to the Evangelical publication, [[Operation World]], there are 202 Brethren congregations in New Zealand<ref name="Mandryk 2010 632">{{citation|first=Jason |last=Mandryk|title= Operation World |publisher=Biblica Publishing|year=2010|page = 632}}</ref> with 16,164 in regular attendance (including children). Some Brethren sources claim this number to be an underestimate, with internal surveys indicating as many as 38,000 adults and children attending Brethren assemblies — almost one percent of New Zealand's population.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aspects.org.nz/category/church-issues/ |title=The State and Growth of Brethren Churches in New Zealand (2011) |accessdate=2015-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522134839/http://aspects.org.nz/category/church-issues/ |archive-date=22 May 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==History==
The history of the Brethren movement in New Zealand is unusual in that the schism between the [[Exclusive Brethren]] and the Open Brethren effectively occurred much later than elsewhere. The [[Evangelism|evangelist]] and hymn-writer [[James George Deck]] arrived in New Zealand in 1853 and established the first formal Brethren assembly at [[Ngātīmoti]], near [[Nelson, New Zealand|Nelson]], on 1 January 1863, although historian Peter Lineham believes that Christians had already been meeting informally on Brethren lines in nearby [[Motueka]] for some time.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lineham|first1=Peter J.|title=The Significance of J.G. Deck 1807-1884|url=http://www.bruederbewegung.de/pdf/linehamdeck.pdf|website=www.bruederbewegung.de/|publisher=University of Massey|accessdate=4 June 2015|pages=13}}</ref> Although he was associated with the Exclusive Brethren of [[John Nelson Darby]], he decided that the schism that had taken place in 1848 was irrelevant to New Zealand.<ref name="University of Massey">{{cite web|last1=Lineham|first1=Peter J.|title=The Significance of J.G. Deck 1807-1884|url=http://www.bruederbewegung.de/pdf/linehamdeck.pdf|website=www.bruederbewegung.de/|publisher=University of Massey|accessdate=4 June 2015|pages=14}}</ref> Unlike Darby, he did not believe in maintaining insularity from non-Brethren Christians, and preached in churches of many denominations. He also allowed the New Zealand assemblies a degree of congregational autonomy that was unknown among the Exclusives in the [[British Isles]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lineham|first1=Peter J.|title=The Significance of J.G. Deck 1807-1884|url=http://www.bruederbewegung.de/pdf/linehamdeck.pdf|website=www.bruederbewegung.de/|publisher=University of Massey|accessdate=4 June 2015|pages=15}}</ref>
The slow pace of communication between the British Isles and the far-flung [[colony]] of New Zealand allowed Deck to operate more or less independently. When his son, John Field Deck returned to England in 1859 to study [[Medicine]], however, and gravitated towards the Open Brethren,<ref name="University of Massey"/> Exclusive leaders, including Darby, became concerned. Ship visits to New Zealand became increasingly frequent in the 1860s, and Exclusives back in the British Isles began to hear reports that the New Zealand Brethren were deviating from accepted norms.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lineham|first1=Peter J.|title=The Significance of J.G. Deck 1807-1884|url=http://www.bruederbewegung.de/pdf/linehamdeck.pdf|website=www.bruederbewegung.de/|publisher=University of Massey|accessdate=4 June 2015|pages=17}}</ref> Consequently, [[George Wigram]], who had a reputation for enforcing discipline among Exclusive Brethren, visited New Zealand from 14 January 1874 to 20 January 1875.  This was followed up by a visit by Darby himself later in 1875.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lineham|first1=Peter J.|title=The Significance of J.G. Deck 1807-1884|url=http://www.bruederbewegung.de/pdf/linehamdeck.pdf|website=www.bruederbewegung.de/|publisher=University of Massey|accessdate=4 June 2015|pages=21–22}}</ref> The result was a schism not only between different assemblies, but also within many of them. Forced against his will to take sides, Deck remained with the Exclusives, but his family was divided. Many independent assemblies were formed, which gradually coalesced into a network that became known as the Open  Brethren.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lineham|first1=Peter J.|title=The Significance of J.G. Deck 1807-1884|url=http://www.bruederbewegung.de/pdf/linehamdeck.pdf|website=www.bruederbewegung.de/|publisher=University of Massey|accessdate=4 June 2015|pages=22}}</ref>
Meanwhile, [[Gordon Forlong]], a [[Scottish people|Scottish]] lawyer turned evangelist who had played a prominent role in the [[Second Great Awakening]] in [[Scotland]] around 1859-1860 and had subsequently moved to [[England]] and founded a large congregation, Talbot Tabernacle, in [[Notting Hill]], [[London]], emigrated to New Zealand in 1876, where he spent the final thirty-two years of his life. Apart from a three-year period (1880-1883) in [[Dunedin]], Forlong based himself in the [[Whanganui]]/[[Manawatū-Whanganui|Manawatū]] region. Although he did not commit himself exclusively to the Brethren movement, his former steward, James Chrystall helped organize his converts into Brethren assemblies, which expanded from the Whanganui/Manawatū area.<ref name="The Story: Forlong, Gordon">{{cite web|title=The Story: Forlong, Gordon|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/2f14/forlong-gordon|website=Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref>
==Recent and current issues==
{{main|Open Brethren}}
The Brethren in New Zealand have diversified greatly in the last generation. "Gospel Chapels" tend to be conservative; "Gospel Halls" even more so. "Bible Chapels" include both conservative and progressive assemblies, while "Community Churches" (often similar to the Brethren-affiliated "Evangelical Churches" of the United Kingdom) tend to be at the progressive end of the spectrum, often with salaried pastors, women taking an audible part in worship — and sometimes in leadership, and varying degrees of openness to the [[Charismatic movement]]. "Bible Churches" tend to embrace many progressive trends, but generally retain a male-only leadership and continue to disassociate themselves from the Charismatic movement. (The terms ''"conservative"'' and ''"progressive"'' are often informally used to describe the emphasis, or lack of emphasis, that Brethren assemblies and individuals put on matters of doctrine, worship, and church order which distinguish them from other [[Evangelical]] Christians).
It is worth noting that although many "Community Churches" and "Bible Churches" in New Zealand are part of the Open Brethren movement, others — such as Mairangi Bay Community Church — are not.  This is often seen as one of many signs that the line of demarcation between Brethren assemblies and other independent Evangelical churches is becoming blurred — a situation that some Brethren welcome, and some do not.
===The Brethren and the Charismatic movement===
The Charismatic movement has been very controversial in Brethren circles. Brethren were long noted for teaching [[cessationism]] — the idea that the so-called [[gifts of the Holy Spirit|sign gifts]] (such as [[miracles]], [[divine healing]], and [[speaking in tongues]]) were given only to the early church to authenticate the [[Apostles in the New Testament|apostles]], and "ceased" with the death of the last apostle. Visits to New Zealand by [[United Kingdom|British]] Brethren preachers [[Campbell McAlpine]] and [[Arthur Wallis (Bible teacher)|Arthur Wallis]] in the late 1950s and early 1960s caused a great deal of controversy. Although widely welcomed at first, both found themselves increasingly isolated as their Charismatic sympathies became known and Brethren leaders like [[Robert Laidlaw]], [[William H. Pettit]], Enoch Coppin, Colin Graham, and Ces Hilton, along with J. Foster Crane, a missionary to [[Fiji]], closed ranks to oppose what they stood for. McAlpine and Wallis both returned to the United Kingdom, and subsequently left the Brethren movement to help found the [[House Church Movement]]. Brethren leaders throughout New Zealand unanimously rejected the Charismatic movement in 1964, and decided that the assembly at [[Te Papapa]], [[Māngere]], which had endorsed the view that all spiritual gifts were operating today, would no longer be "recognized" as a Brethren assembly.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lineham|first1=Peter J.|title=Tongues Must Cease: The Brethren and the Charismatic Movement in New Zealand|url=http://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/cbr/34_07.pdf|website=biblicalstudies.org.uk|publisher=biblicalstudies.org.uk|accessdate=3 June 2015|pages=37}}</ref> At a conference at Howe Street Chapel on 21 November that year, leading Brethren from throughout New Zealand signed a statement declaring in part:
{{blockquote|"Those members of this assembly who in any way hold the signs gifts ... or those who associate with people who hold these views, are not to take part in any assembly gathering or activities, whether in the remembrance meeting of a Sunday morning, the Sunday School, the rallies, the women's meeting, or any other activity at all, until they are freed from their error to the satisfaction of responsible brethren .... If ... brethren and sisters continue to fellowship with other professing Christians who hold and practise the sign-gifts they will have to withdraw ... because we will have nothing to do with these practices."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lineham|first1=Peter J.|title=Tongues Must Cease: The Brethren and the Charismatic Movement in New Zealand|url=http://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/cbr/34_07.pdf|website=biblicalstudies.org.uk|publisher=biblicalstudies.org.uk|accessdate=3 June 2015|pages=39}}</ref>}}
Signs of a thaw in attitudes began to appear in the late 1970s. When Te Atatu Bible Chapel embraced the Charismatic movement in 1978,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hathaway|first1=Brian|title=Words, Deeds and Signs|url=https://renewaljournal.wordpress.com/2011/05/19/words-signs-and-deeds-by-brian-hathaway/|website=Renewal Journal|date=19 May 2011 |publisher=Renewal Journal}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=McInnes|first1=Jim|title=My Calling and Your Calling|url=http://tabc.jaycodesign.com/media/Jim%20McInnes/20120325_Jim%20McInnes%20Ephesians%201.15-23.pdf|website=tabc.jaycodesign.com/|publisher=tabc.jaycodesign.com|accessdate=5 June 2015}}</ref> it was not treated as the Te Papapa assembly had been almost fifteen years earlier. It remained within the Brethren movement.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lineham|first1=Peter J.|title=Tongues Must Cease: The Brethren and the Charismatic Movement in New Zealand|url=http://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/cbr/34_07.pdf|website=biblicalstudies.org.uk|publisher=biblicalstudies.org.uk|accessdate=3 June 2015|pages=44}}</ref> It was an isolated case, however; not until the early 2000s would there be any significant evidence of a Charismatic movement among Brethren assemblies throughout New Zealand. Attitudes since have become much more diverse, however. Complete rejection, and uncritical acceptance, of this movement are both minority positions among New Zealand Brethren today. Assemblies affirming a [[continuationism|continuationist]] position (that all gifts of the Holy Spirit are operating today) include Street City Church in [[Wellington]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Life Group Questions TRUE LIFE: POWER - 1 Corinthians 14:1-40|url=http://www.thestreet.org.nz/download/140615-lgqs-1cor14.pdf|website=thestreet.org.nz/christian-sermons-online|publisher=The Street City Church|accessdate=5 June 2015}}</ref> Life Church, Manurewa in [[Auckland]],<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ponifasio|first1=Lui|title=eMbody the Energizing Life of The Holy Spirit for Missions|url=http://www.gcim.org.nz/index.php/media2/799-embody-the-energizing-life-of-the-holy-spirit-for-missions|website=GC3|publisher=GC3 — Missions Connected|accessdate=5 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607040321/http://www.gcim.org.nz/index.php/media2/799-embody-the-energizing-life-of-the-holy-spirit-for-missions|archive-date=7 June 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tasman Church and Hope Community Church in Nelson.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bay|first1=Darrel|title=Tongues: Weird or Wonderful|url=http://www.hopechurch.org.nz/Audio/download.php?file=20131117.mp3|website=hopechurch.org.nz|publisher=Hope Community Church|accessdate=5 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607040131/http://www.hopechurch.org.nz/Audio/download.php?file=20131117.mp3|archive-date=7 June 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Assemblies affirming a cessationist position include The Orchard in [[Te Puke]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Statement of Faith and Practice|url=http://theorchard.net.nz/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Statement-of-Faith-and-Practice.pdf|website=theorchard.net.nz|publisher=The Orchard|accessdate=5 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114044915/http://theorchard.net.nz/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Statement-of-Faith-and-Practice.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bethany Bible Chapel in Auckland,<ref>{{cite web|title=Bethany Bible Chapel|url=http://www.bethanybiblechapel.co.nz/contact.htm|website=Bethany Bible Chapel|publisher=Bethany Bible Chapel|accessdate=5 June 2015}}</ref> and Onekawa Bible Church in [[Napier, New Zealand|Napier]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Henderson|first1=Phil|title=The Holy Spirit and the Gift of Tongues|url=http://onekawabiblechurch.org.nz/home/180010111/180010111/Audio/141214%20Gift%20of%20Prophecy.mp3|website=Onekawa Bible Church — Sermon Downloads|publisher=Onekawa Bible Church|accessdate=5 June 2015}}</ref>
== Brethren institutions ==
As a network rather than an organization, the Christian Community Churches of New Zealand do not own or run any institutions. There are, however, a number of organizations, trusts, and support agencies that have been set up with the purpose of servicing Brethren (and sometimes like-minded) churches.  The following are some of the institutions that are widely supported by Brethren assemblies in New Zealand.
=== Stewards Trust and Stewards Foundation ===
The '''Stewards Trust''' and '''Stewards Foundation''' are two separate, but closely related, organizations with identical membership.<ref>{{cite web|title=Stewards' Trust and Stewards' Foundation|url=http://www.brethren.org.nz/stewards_trust_and_stewards_foundation/executive_committee |website=www.brethren.org.nz|publisher=The Stewards Trust|accessdate=6 June 2015}}</ref> The Stewards' trust was established in 1919 to provide financial support to Brethren assemblies, and currently owns around 150 of the 200-odd Brethren assembly properties in New Zealand.<ref>{{cite web|title=Stewards' Trust|url=http://www.brethren.org.nz/stewards_trust_and_stewards_foundation/executive_committee|website=www.brethren.org.nz|publisher=The Stewards Trust|accessdate=6 June 2015}}</ref> The Stewards' Foundation, established in 1955, lends money to Brethren assemblies, institutions, workers, and missionaries.<ref>{{cite web|title=Stewards' Foundation|url=http://www.brethren.org.nz/stewards_trust_and_stewards_foundation/stewards__foundation|website=www.brethren.org.nz|publisher=The Stewards Trust|accessdate=6 June 2015}}</ref>
=== GPH Society ===
What later became the '''GPH Society Limited''' originated in May 1900 when Edward Whitehead opened the '''Bible and Tract Depot''' at [[Palmerston North]],<ref name="GPH : An History">{{cite web|title=GPH : An History|url=http://www.brethren.org.nz/gph/history|website=Brethren.org.nz|publisher=The Stewards Trust|accessdate=6 June 2015}}</ref> with the purpose of publishing Christian literature to serve primarily the Brethren movement in New Zealand, but also the wider Christian community in both New Zealand and Australia.<ref>{{cite web|title=GPH|url=http://www.brethren.org.nz/gph|website=Brethren.org.nz|publisher=The Stewards Trust|accessdate=6 June 2015}}</ref> By 1911, it had become known as the '''Gospel Publishing House,''' but this name has since been depreciated. It operates bookshops and a publishing house, and, for many years, published the Treasury magazine. This magazine, founded in 1899 by Charles Hinman,<ref name="GPH : An History"/> long played a leading role in keeping the highly independent Brethren assemblies together as a network.
=== Pastorlink ===
'''Pastorlink''' was established by and for Brethren pastors. It expressly denies being either a union or an advocacy group; its stated aim is to give pastors a forum for mutual support and encouragement.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pastorlink - Understanding Ministry & Life|url=http://www.brethren.org.nz/pastorlink|website=Brethren.org.nz|publisher=The Stewards Trust|accessdate=6 June 2015}}</ref> Of all Brethren institutions, Pastorlink is one of the newest: it is only in the last twenty to thirty years that the practice of having [[pastor]]s has become common in Brethren assemblies in New Zealand.
=== Pathways College ===
'''Pathways College''' is a [[Tauranga]]-based theological [[seminary]] formed in February 2000 by the merger of two older Brethren<ref>{{cite web|last1=Burt|first1=David|title=Light on the Path|url=http://www.castlepublishing.co.nz/light-on-the-path.html|website=www.castlepublishing.co.nz/|publisher=Castle Publishing Limited|accessdate=6 June 2015}}</ref> institutions: New Zealand Assembly Bible School and GLO Training Centre.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Fountain|first1=Ossie|title=CONTEXTUALISATION AND GLOBALISATION IN THE BIBLE TRAINING MINISTRY OF THE CHRISTIAN BRETHERN CHURCHES OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA (PART 2 OF 4)|url=http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/mjt/19-2_053.pdf|website=www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/|publisher=Melanesian Journal of Theology|accessdate=6 June 2015|pages=77}}</ref> Its current principal is Dr Francine Bennett.<ref>{{cite web|title=College Staff|url=http://www.pathways.ac.nz/page/faculty/|website=Pathways College of Bible and Mission|publisher=Dashboard|accessdate=7 June 2015}}</ref>
=== GC3 ===
GC3 is an umbrella organisation encompassing three institutions: Global Connections in Mission (GCiM), which supports 150 [[missionary|missionaries]] abroad as well as almost 100 evangelists in New Zealand,<ref name="GCim">{{cite web|title=GCim|url=http://www.gcim.org.nz/index.php/gcim2|website=www.gcim.org.nz/|publisher=GC3|accessdate=5 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723222000/http://www.gcim.org.nz/index.php/gcim2|archive-date=23 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> '''GC Assist,''' an "operations trust" within GC3 which runs, among other projects, Headspace, a one-year program for school leavers,<ref>{{cite web|title=GC Assist|url=http://www.gcim.org.nz/index.php/assist2|website=www.gcim.org.nz/|publisher=GC3|accessdate=5 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723220444/http://www.gcim.org.nz/index.php/assist2|archive-date=23 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> and '''GC Aid,''' a humanitarian [[NGO]].<ref>{{cite web|title=GC Aid|url=http://www.gcim.org.nz/index.php/aid2|website=www.gcim.org.nz/|publisher=GC3|accessdate=5 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723222216/http://www.gcim.org.nz/index.php/aid2|archive-date=23 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Notable Brethren in New Zealand==
''N.B. This is a list of individuals who were part of the Open Brethren movement in New Zealand for at least a part of their lives.
* Enoch Coppin<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lineham|first1=Peter J.|title=Tongues Must Cease: The Brethren and the Charismatic Movement in New Zealand|url=http://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/cbr/34_07.pdf|website=biblicalstudies.org.uk/|publisher=biblicalstudies.org.uk/|accessdate=18 June 2015|page=19|quote=... Enoch Coppin, the best-known of all Brethren full-time workers...}}</ref> (1896-1975) — evangelist.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Grant|first1=Jan Lorraine|title=Enoch Coppin|url=http://www.geni.com/people/Enoch-Coppin/6000000018339577346|website=Geni|publisher=Geni|accessdate=18 June 2015}}</ref>
* J. Foster Crane<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lineham|first1=Peter J.|title=Tongues Must Cease: The Brethren and the Charismatic Movement in New Zealand|url=http://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/cbr/34_07.pdf|website=biblicalstudies.org.uk/|publisher=biblicalstudies.org.uk/|accessdate=18 June 2015|page=27|quote=...J. Foster Crane, the senior assembly missionary in Fiji...}}</ref> (1913-1991)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Banks (Carey)|first1=Jenny|title=Foster Crane|url=http://www.geni.com/people/Foster-Crane/6000000002117837025|website=Geni|publisher=Geni|accessdate=18 June 2015}}</ref> — missionary to [[Fiji]].
* [[James George Deck]] (1807-1884) — evangelist and hymn writer. Although generally associated with the Exclusive Brethren, historian Peter Lineham regards him also as the founder of the Open Brethren in New Zealand.<ref name="bruederbewegung.de">{{cite web|last1=Lineham|first1=Peter J.|title=The Significance of J.G. Deck 1807-1884|url=http://www.bruederbewegung.de/pdf/linehamdeck.pdf|website=bruederbewegung.de|publisher=Christian Brethren Research Fellowship Journal|accessdate=3 June 2015}}</ref>
* [[Gordon Forlong]]<ref name="The Story: Forlong, Gordon"/> (1819-1908) — [[Scottish people|Scottish]]-born New Zealand evangelist.
* Colin Graham — evangelist.
* [[Joe Hawke]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://123.255.47.32:8080/church/Publications/Sermons/141214.pdf |title=Te Rongopai - Christianity & Colonial Complications |publisher=Windsor Community Church |date=2014-12-14 |accessdate=2015-05-15 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524174620/http://123.255.47.32:8080/church/Publications/Sermons/141214.pdf |archivedate=24 May 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> — [[New Zealand Parliament|New Zealand MP]] ([[New Zealand Labour Party]], 1996–2002)
* Ces Hilton — evangelist.
* [[Owen Jennings]] — New Zealand MP ([[ACT New Zealand|ACT New Zealand Party]], 1996–2002)
* [[Robert Laidlaw]] (1885-1971) — businessman and philanthropist.
* [[William H. Pettit]] (1885-1985)<ref name="DNZB">[http://www.dnzb.govt.nz/dnzb/default.asp?Find_Quick.asp?PersonEssay=3P24 William Haddow Pettit], Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Retrieved 27 April 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Lineham|first1=Peter J.|title=Tongues Must Cease: The Brethren and the Charismatic Movement in New Zealand|url=http://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/cbr/34_07.pdf|website=biblicalstudies.org.uk|publisher=biblicalstudies.org.uk|accessdate=5 June 2015|pages=20}}</ref> — medical doctor and missionary.
== External links ==
* [http://www.brethren.org.nz/ Brethren.org.nz Strength and Unity]
* [https://www.cccnz.nz/ Christian Community Churches]
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
[[Category:Churches in New Zealand]]
[[Category:Plymouth Brethren]]