View source for Columbus, Indiana

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name            = Columbus, Indiana
| settlement_type          = [[City]]
| nickname                 = "Athens on the Prairie"
| motto                    = "Unexpected. Unforgettable"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.columbus.in.gov/|title=City of Columbus Indiana|publisher=City of Columbus Indiana |access-date=September 25, 2012}}</ref>
| image_skyline            = Stewart-bridge-1933328.jpg
| imagesize                = 250px
| image_caption            = The Robert N. Stewart Bridge (foreground), with the [[Bartholomew County Courthouse]] and [[First Christian Church (Columbus, Indiana)|First Christian Church]] visible in the background.
| image_flag               = Flag of Columbus, Indiana.png
| image_seal               =
| image_blank_emblem       = Logo of Columbus, Indiana.png
| blank_emblem_type        = Logo
| image_map                = File:Bartholomew County Indiana Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Columbus Highlighted 1814734.svg
| mapsize                  = 250px
| map_caption              = Location of Columbus in Bartholomew County, Indiana
| pushpin_map              = USA Indiana#USA
| pushpin_relief             = yes
| pushpin_label            = Columbus
| subdivision_type         = Country
| subdivision_name         = United States
| subdivision_type1        = State
| subdivision_name1        = [[Indiana]]
| subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Indiana|County]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[Bartholomew County, Indiana|Bartholomew]]
| government_type          =
| leader_title             = [[Mayor#United States|Mayor]]
| leader_name              = Mary Ferdon ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]])
| established_date         =
<!-- Area -->
| unit_pref                = Imperial
| area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_18.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=March 16, 2022}}</ref>
| area_magnitude           =
| area_total_km2           = 74.47
| area_land_km2            = 73.59
| area_water_km2           = 0.88
| area_total_sq_mi         = 28.75
| area_land_sq_mi          = 28.41
| area_water_sq_mi         = 0.34
| area_note                =
| population_footnotes     =
| population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_note          =
| population_total         = 50474
| population_density_sq_mi = 1776.44
| population_density_km2   = 685.90
| timezone                 = [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
| utc_offset               = −5
| timezone_DST             = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]
| utc_offset_DST           = −4
| coordinates              = {{coord|39|12|50|N|85|54|40|W|region:US-IN|display=inline}}
| website                  = {{URL|http://www.columbus.in.gov}}
| elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_ft             = 627
| postal_code_type         = [[ZIP Code]]s
| postal_code              = 47201–47203
| area_code                = [[Area codes 812 and 930|812 and 930]]
| blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info               = 18-14734<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website |df=mdy }}</ref>
| blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info              = 2393609<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2393609}}</ref>
| footnotes                =
}}
[[Image:ColumbusCityHall.jpg|thumb|Columbus City Hall]]
'''Columbus''' ({{IPAc-en|k|ə|ˈ|l|ʌ|m|b|ə|s}}) is a city in, and the [[county seat]] of, [[Bartholomew County, Indiana]], United States.<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=June 7, 2011 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=May 31, 2011 |df=mdy }}</ref> The population was 50,474 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]]. The city is known for its architectural significance, having commissioned noted works of [[modern architecture]] and [[public art]] since the mid-20th century; the annual program [[Exhibit Columbus]] celebrates this legacy. Located about {{convert|40|mi|0|abbr=on}} south of [[Indianapolis]], on the east fork of the [[White River (Indiana)|White River]], it is the state's 20th-largest city. It is the principal city of the Columbus, Indiana [[metropolitan statistical area]], which encompasses all of Bartholomew County. Columbus is the birthplace of former [[Governor of Indiana|Indiana Governor]] and former [[Vice President of the United States]], [[Mike Pence]].
Columbus is the headquarters of the engine company [[Cummins]]. In 2004 the city was named as one of "The Ten Most Playful Towns" by ''[[Nickelodeon Magazine|Nick Jr.]] Family Magazine''.<ref>{{cite news |date=March 22, 2004 |title=Top Ten Playful Towns in America Revealed Today by Nick Jr. Magazine |publisher=PR Newswire |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/top-ten-playful-towns-in-america-revealed-today-by-nick-jr-family-magazine-72159072.html |access-date=July 23, 2011}}</ref> In the July 2005 edition of ''[[GQ]]'' magazine, Columbus was named as one of the "62 Reasons to Love Your Country".<ref>{{cite web |title=Columbus features in national publications |url=http://columbus.in.us/static/index.cfm?contentID=489 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126142412/http://www.columbus.in.us//static/index.cfm?contentID=489 |archive-date=November 26, 2011 |access-date=July 23, 2011 |publisher=Columbus, Indiana Convention and Visitors Bureau |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Columbus won the national contest "America in Bloom" in 2006,<ref>{{cite news |last=Minnis |first=Paul |date=October 2, 2006 |title=Columbus wins America in Bloom |newspaper=The Republic |url=http://www.indianaeconomicdigest.net/main.asp?SectionID=31&SubSectionID=62&ArticleID=29639 |access-date=July 23, 2011}}</ref> and in late 2008, ''[[National Geographic Traveler]]'' ranked Columbus 11th on its historic destinations list, describing the city as "authentic, unique, and unspoiled."<ref>{{cite web |title=Historic Destinations Rated – North America |url=http://traveler.nationalgeographic.com/2008/11/historic-destinations-rated/north-america-text/8 |access-date=July 24, 2011 |publisher=National Geographic Traveler|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912102610/http://traveler.nationalgeographic.com/2008/11/historic-destinations-rated/north-america-text/8|archivedate=12 September 2015}}</ref>
==History==
The land developed as Columbus was bought by General [[John Tipton]] and Luke Bonesteel in 1820. Tipton built a log cabin on Mount Tipton, a small hill overlooking [[White River (Indiana)|White River]] and the surrounding flat, heavily forested and swampy valley. It held wetlands of the river. The town was first known as Tiptona, named in honor of Tipton. The town's name was changed to Columbus on March 20, 1821. Many people believe Tipton was upset by the name change, but no evidence exists to prove this. Nonetheless, he decided to leave the newly founded town and did not return.<ref>{{cite book|last=Distler|first=A. David|title=Anarchy in the Heartland: The Reno Gang Saga|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lUBacXZ39GIC&pg=PA6|date=October 2008|publisher=A David Distler|isbn=978-0-9705297-1-8|page=6}}</ref>
Tipton was later appointed as the highway commissioner for the [[State of Indiana]] and was assigned to building a highway from [[Indianapolis|Indianapolis, Indiana]] to [[Louisville, Kentucky]]. When the road approached Columbus, Tipton constructed the first bypass road ever built; it detoured south around the west side of Columbus en route to [[Seymour, Indiana|Seymour]].
Joseph McKinney was the first to plot the town of Columbus, but no date was recorded. Local history books for years said that the land on which Columbus sits was donated by Tipton. But in 2003, Historic Columbus Indiana acquired a deed showing that Tipton had sold the land.
A ferry was established below the confluence of the [[Flatrock River|Flatrock]] and Driftwood rivers, which form the White River. A village of three or four log cabins developed around the ferry landing, and a store was added in 1821. Later that year, Bartholomew County was organized by an act of the [[Indiana General Assembly|State Legislature]] and named to honor the famous Hoosier militiaman, [[Joseph Bartholomew (General)|General Joseph Bartholomew]]. Columbus was incorporated on June 28, 1864.
The first railroad in Indiana was constructed to Columbus from [[Madison, Indiana]] in 1844. This eventually became the Madison branch of the [[Pennsylvania Railroad]]. The railroad fostered the growth of the community into one of the largest in Indiana, and three more railroads reached the city by 1850.
[[The Crump Theatre]] in Columbus, built in 1889 by John Crump, is the oldest theater in Indiana. Today the building is included within the [[Columbus Historic District (Columbus, Indiana)|Columbus Historic District]]. Before it closed permanently in 2010, it was an all-ages venue with occasional musical performances.
The Cummins Bookstore began operations in the city in 1892. Until late 2007, when it closed, it was the oldest continually operated bookstore in Indiana.
The [[Irwin Conference Center|Irwin Union Bank]] building was built in 1954. It was designated as a [[National Historic Landmark]] by the [[National Park Service]] in 2001 in recognition of its unique architecture. The building consists of a one-story bank structure adjacent to a three-story office annex. A portion of the office annex was built along with the banking hall in 1954. The remaining larger portion, designed by [[Roche-Dinkeloo|Kevin Roche John Dinkeloo and Associates]], was built in 1973. [[Eero Saarinen]] designed the bank building with its glazed hall to be set off against the blank background of its three-story brick annex. Two steel and glass vestibule connectors lead from the north side of this structure to the annex. The building was designed to distance the Irwin Union Bank from traditional banking architecture, which mostly echoed imposing, neoclassical style buildings of brick or stone. Tellers were behind iron bars and removed from their customers. Saarinen worked to develop a building that would welcome customers rather than intimidate them.
==Economy==
Columbus has been home to many manufacturing companies, including Noblitt-Sparks Industries, which built radios under the Arvin brand in the 1930s,<ref>McMahon, Morgan E. ''A Flick of the Switch 1930–1950'' (Antiques Electronics Supply, 1990), pp.58–9.</ref> and Arvin Industries, now [[Meritor]] After merging with Meritor Automotive on July 10, 2000, the headquarters of the newly created ArvinMeritor Industries was established in Troy, Michigan, the home of parent company, [[Rockwell International]]. It was announced in February 2011 that the company name would revert to Meritor, Inc.<ref>{{cite news|title=ArvinMeritor posts loss, changing name|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/arvinmeritor-idUSN0129143020110201?feedType=RSS&feedName=cyclicalConsumerGoodsSector&rpc=43|access-date=July 25, 2011|newspaper=Reuters|date=February 2, 2011}}</ref>
[[Cummins]] is by far the region's largest employer, and the Infotech Park in Columbus<ref>{{cite web|title=Infotech Park of Columbus, Indiana|url=http://www.columbusinfotechpark.com/index.php|access-date=July 25, 2011}}</ref> accounts for a sizable number of research jobs in the city itself. Just south of Columbus are the North American headquarters of [[Toyota Material Handling]], the world's largest material handling ([[Forklift truck|forklift]]) manufacturer.
Other notable industries include architecture, a discipline for which Columbus is famous worldwide. The late [[Joseph Irwin Miller]] (then president and chairman of [[Cummins]]) launched the Cummins Foundation, a charitable program that helps subsidize a large number of architectural projects throughout the city by up-and-coming engineers and architects.
Early in the 20th century, Columbus also was home to a number of pioneering car manufacturers, including [[Milton Reeves|Reeves]], which produced the unusual four-axle [[Octoauto]] and the twin rear-axle Sextoauto, both around 1911.<ref>Clymer, Floyd. ''Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877–1925''. (New York: Bonanza, 1950), p.122-4.</ref>
==Geography==
The [[Driftwood River|Driftwood]] and [[Flatrock River|Flatrock]] Rivers converge at Columbus to form the East Fork of the [[White River (Indiana)|White River]].
According to the 2010 census, Columbus has a total area of {{convert|27.886|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|27.5|sqmi|sqkm|2}} (or 98.62%) is land and {{convert|0.386|sqmi|sqkm|2}} (or 1.38%) is water.<ref name="census-g001">{{cite web
|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US1814734
|title=G001 - Geographic Identifiers - 2010 Census Summary File 1
|access-date=July 28, 2015
|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213062827/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US1814734
|archive-date=February 13, 2020
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>
==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1850= 1008
|1860= 1840
|1870= 3359
|1880= 4813
|1890= 6719
|1900= 8130
|1910= 8813
|1920= 8990
|1930= 9935
|1940= 11738
|1950= 18370
|1960= 20778
|1970= 26457
|1980= 30614
|1990= 31802
|2000= 39059
|2010= 44061
|2020= 50474
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.indiana.edu/|title=Indiana's Census 2020 Redistricting Data Dashboard|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=October 3, 2021|archive-date=July 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725001936/http://www.census.indiana.edu/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}
===2010 census===
As of the census<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=December 11, 2012}}</ref> of 2010, there were 44,061 people, 17,787 households, and 11,506 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1602.2|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 19,700 housing units at an average density of {{convert|716.4|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 86.9% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 2.7% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.2% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 5.6% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.1% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 2.5% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 2.0% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 5.8% of the population.
There were 17,787 households, of which 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.5% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.3% were non-families. 29.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.00.
The median age in the city was 37.1 years. 25.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.3% were from 25 to 44; 24.9% were from 45 to 64; and 14.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.4% male and 51.6% female.
===2000 census===
As of the census<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 39,059 people, 15,985 households, and 10,566 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,505.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 17,162 housing units at an average density of {{convert|661.4|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 91.32% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 2.71% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 0.13% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 3.23% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 0.05% [[Race (United States Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.39% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.19% from two or more races. 2.81% of the population were [[Hispanics in the United States|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race.
There were 15,985 households, out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.9% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.9% were non-families. 29.1% of all households were composed of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39, and the average family size was 2.94.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.7% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24 years, 29.5% from 25 to 44 years, 23.0% from 45 to 64 years, and 13.7% over the age of 65. The median age was 36 years. There were 92.8 males for every 100 females and 89.6 males for every 100 females over age 18.
The [[median income]] for a household in the city was $41,723, and the median income for a family was $52,296. Males had a median income of $40,367 versus $24,446 for females, and the per capita income was $22,055. About 6.5% of families and 8.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.7% of those under age 18 and 8.8% of those age 65 or over.
==Arts and culture==
[[Image:LargeArch.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Henry Moore]]'s ''[[Large Arch]]''.]]
Columbus is a city known for its [[modern architecture]] and [[public art]]. [[J. Irwin Miller]], 2nd CEO and a nephew of a co-founder of [[Cummins]], the Columbus-headquartered diesel engine manufacturer, instituted a program in which the Cummins Foundation paid the architects' fees, provided the client selected a firm from a list compiled by the foundation. The plan was initiated with public schools and was so successful that the foundation decided to offer such design support to other non-profit and civic organizations. The high number of notable public buildings and [[List of public art in Columbus, Indiana|public art]] in the Columbus area, designed by such individuals as [[Eero Saarinen]], [[I.M. Pei]], [[Robert Venturi]], [[Cesar Pelli]], and [[Richard Meier]], led to Columbus earning the nickname "Athens on the Prairie."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taglineguru.com/mottolist.html|title=Tagline Guru - City Mottos & Monikers|first=Eric|last=Swartz|website=www.taglineguru.com|access-date=October 11, 2018}}</ref>
Seven buildings, constructed between 1942 and 1965, are [[National Historic Landmark]]s, and approximately 60 other buildings sustain the Bartholomew County seat's reputation as a showcase of modern architecture.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kriplen|first1=Nancy|title=An Indiana Town Where Big Names Built|newspaper=The New York Times|date=May 10, 2013|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/12/travel/an-indiana-town-where-big-names-built.html?_r=0}}</ref> [[National Public Radio]] once devoted an article to the town's architecture.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Stamberg|first1=Susan|title=Columbus, IN: A Mecca of Architecture|website=[[NPR]] |url=https://www.npr.org/2012/08/04/157675872/columbus-ind-a-midwestern-mecca-of-architecture}}</ref>
In 2015, [[Landmark Columbus]] was created as a program of Heritage Fund - The Community Foundation of Bartholomew county.
In addition to the Columbus Historic District and Irwin Union Bank, the city has numerous buildings listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]], including seven [[National Historic Landmarks]] of modernist architecture: [[Bartholomew County Courthouse]], [[Columbus City Hall (Columbus, Indiana)|Columbus City Hall]], [[First Baptist Church (Columbus, Indiana)|First Baptist Church]], [[First Christian Church (Columbus, Indiana)|First Christian Church]], [[Haw Creek Leather Company]], [[Mabel McDowell Adult Education Center|Mabel McDowell Elementary School]], [[McEwen-Samuels-Marr House]], [[McKinley School (Columbus, Indiana)|McKinley School]], [[Miller House (Columbus, Indiana)|Miller House]], [[North Christian Church]], and [[The Republic Newspaper Office]].<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a|dateform=mdy}}</ref><ref name="nps">{{cite web |date=November 2, 2012 |title=National Register of Historic Places Listings |url=http://www.nps.gov/nr/listings/20121102.htm |work=Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties: 10/22/12 through 10/27/12 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref>
The city is the basis for the 2017 film ''[[Columbus (2017 film)|Columbus]]'' by independent filmmaker [[Kogonada]]. The film was shot on location in Columbus over 18 days in the summer of 2016.<ref name="ColumbusReleased">{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2017/08/box-office-step-wind-river-brave-new-jersey-specialty-preview-1202142934/ |title=Sundance Hits 'Step' & Taylor Sheridan's 'Wind River' Blow Into Theaters – Specialty B.O. Preview |first=Brian|last=Brooks| publisher=Deadline|date=August 4, 2017 |access-date=Jan 1, 2023}}</ref>
===National Historic Landmarks===
* [[First Baptist Church (Columbus, Indiana)|First Baptist Church]]<ref name="NHL">{{cite web|title=National Historic Landmarks Survey, Indiana|url=http://www.nps.gov/history/nhl/designations/Lists/IN01.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208013506/http://www.nps.gov/history/nhl/designations/Lists/IN01.pdf |archive-date=2008-02-08 |url-status=live|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=July 25, 2011}}</ref> was designed by [[Harry Weese]] without windows and was dedicated in 1965. Its architectural features include a high-pitched roof and skylight.<ref>{{cite web|title=Who We Are|url=http://www.fbccolumbus.org/who.htm|publisher=First Baptist Church|access-date=July 26, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909052031/http://www.fbccolumbus.org/who.htm|archive-date=September 9, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* [[First Christian Church (Columbus, Indiana)|First Christian Church]]<ref name="NHL"/> was designed by [[Eliel Saarinen]] with a 160-ft (49m) tower and was dedicated in 1942. Among the first Modern religious buildings in America, it includes a sunken terrace and a 900-person sanctuary.<ref>{{cite web|title=Our Building|url=http://www.fccoc.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=56&Itemid=48|publisher=First Christian Church|access-date=July 26, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004231738/http://www.fccoc.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=56&Itemid=48|archive-date=October 4, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Irwin Union Bank and Trust|Irwin Union Bank]]<ref name="NHL"/> was designed by [[Eero Saarinen]] and includes an addition by [[Roche-Dinkeloo|Kevin Roche]]. The building was dedicated in 1954 and is possibly the first financial institution in America to use glass walls and an open floor plan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Irwin Union Bank and Trust|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=-1566735533&ResourceType=Building|publisher=NHLS|access-date=July 26, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605230710/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=-1566735533&ResourceType=Building|archive-date=June 5, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* The [[Mabel McDowell School]]<ref name="NHL"/> opened in 1960 and was designed by [[John Carl Warnecke]] early in his career, using his "early comprehensive diverse approach." The architect fee was the second to be funded by the Cummins Engine Foundation.<ref>{{cite web|title=National Historic Landmark Nomination – Mabel McDowell|url=http://www.nps.gov/nhl/designations/samples/in/mcdowell.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606082026/http://www.nps.gov/nhl/designations/samples/in/mcdowell.pdf |archive-date=2011-06-06 |url-status=live|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=July 26, 2011}}</ref>
* The [[Miller House and Garden]]<ref name="NHL"/> was constructed in 1957 and was designed by [[Eero Saarinen]] and landscaped by [[Dan Kiley]]. One of the few residential designs by Saarinen, the home is an expression of International Style and was built for [[J. Irwin Miller]] of the Cummins Engine corporation and foundation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Miller House|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1757288303&ResourceType=Building|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=July 26, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703003537/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1757288303&ResourceType=Building|archive-date=July 3, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* [[North Christian Church]]<ref name="NHL"/> was designed by [[Eero Saarinen]] and held its first worship in 1964. The hexagonal-shaped building includes a 192-ft (59m) spire and houses a [[Holtkamp Organ Company|Holtkamp]] organ.<ref>{{cite web|title=North Christian Church Architecture|url=http://www.northchristianchurch.com/index.html|publisher=North Christian Church|access-date=July 26, 2011}}</ref>
* [[The Republic Newspaper Office]] was designed by [[Myron Goldsmith]] at [[SOM (architectural firm)|SOM]].
* [[Zaharakos Ice Cream Parlor]]<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Blume |first=Aimee |date=4 June 2013 |title=Zaharakos Ice Cream Parlor continues sweet 110-year-old tradition |url=https://archive.courierpress.com/features/zaharakos-ice-cream-parlor-continues-sweet-110-year-old-tradition-ep-443078393-324670711.html/ |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=[[Courier & Press]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jane |first=Tori |title=The Historic Ice Cream Parlor In Indiana Where You Can Still Experience The Early 20th Century |url=https://www.onlyinyourstate.com/food/indiana/historic-regional-restaurant-in |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=[[Only in your state]] |language=en}}</ref>
====Other notable Modern buildings====
* [[St. Bartholomew Catholic Church]], by William Browne Jr. and Steven Risting
* [[Cleo Rogers Memorial Library]], by [[I. M. Pei]]
* [[Columbus East High School]], by [[Romaldo Giurgola]]
* [[Commons Centre and Mall]], by [[César Pelli]]
* St. Peter's Lutheran Church, by [[Gunnar Birkerts]]
* Lincoln Elementary School, by [[Gunnar Birkerts]]
* [[Otter Creek Golf Course]], by [[Harry Weese]]
* [[Fire Station Number 4 (Columbus, Indiana)|Fire Station Number 4]], by [[Robert Venturi]]
*Columbus Regional Hospital, by [[Robert A. M. Stern|Robert A.M. Stern]]
====Notable historic buildings====
* [[Bartholomew County Courthouse]] by [[Isaac Hodgson (architect)|Isaac Hodgson]]
* [[Columbus Power House]] by [[Harrison Albright]]
* [[The Crump Theatre]] by [[Charles Franklin Sparrell]]
===Public art===
{{See also|List of public art in Columbus, Indiana}}
* ''[[Chaos I]]'' by [[Jean Tinguely]]
* ''[[Friendship Way]]'' by William A. Johnson, containing an untitled neon sculpture by [[Cork Marcheschi]]
* [[Irwin Gardens]] at the [[Inn at Irwin Gardens]]
* ''[[Large Arch]]'' by [[Henry Moore]]
* ''[[2 Arcs de 212.5˚]]'' by [[Bernar Venet]]
* ''[[Horses (Nivola)|Horses]]'' by [[Costantino Nivola]]
* ''[[The Family (Barron)|The Family]]'' by [[Harris Barron]]
* ''[[Yellow Neon Chandelier and Persians]]'' by [[Dale Chihuly]]
* ''[[C (Indiana)|C]]'' by [[Robert Indiana]]
* ''[[Sermon on the Mount (Saarinen)|Sermon on the Mount]]'' by [[Loja Saarinen]] and [[Eliel Saarinen]]
* ''[[History and Mystery]]'' by [[William T. Wiley]]
* ''[[Exploded Engine]]'' by [[Rudolph de Harak]]
* ''Eos'' by Dessa Kirk
===Exhibit Columbus===
In May 2016, Landmark Columbus launched [[Exhibit Columbus]] as a way to continue the ambitious traditions of the past into the future. Exhibit Columbus features annual programming that alternates between symposium and exhibition years.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Shaw|first1=Matt|title=Columbus, Indiana announces biennial design exhibition to begin in fall 2017 - Archpaper.com|url=https://archpaper.com/2016/05/columbus-indiana-announces-biennial-design-exhibition-begin-fall-2017/|access-date=November 24, 2016|work=archpaper.com}}</ref>
==Sports==
Columbus High School was home to footwear pioneer [[Chuck Taylor (salesman)|Chuck Taylor]], who played basketball in Columbus before setting out to promote his now famous shoes and the sport of basketball before being inducted into the [[Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame]].
Two local high schools compete within the state in various sports. Columbus North and Columbus East both have competitive athletics and have many notable athletes that go on to compete in college and beyond. [[Columbus North High School]] houses one of the [[largest high school gyms in the United States]]. [https://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2016/02/29/blogs/in-the-temples-of-hoosier-hardwood/s/20160229-lens-basketball-slide-75X3.html CNHS vs CEHS]
[[Indiana Diesels]] of the [[Premier Basketball League]] play their home games at the gymnasium at [[Ceraland Park]], with plans to move to a proposed downtown sports complex in the near future.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.therepublic.com/view/local_story/Diesels_hope_for_hometown_supp_1295445958/ |title=The Republic - Diesels hope for hometown support - Columbus, Indiana |access-date=October 12, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405162333/http://www.therepublic.com/view/local_story/Diesels_hope_for_hometown_supp_1295445958/ |archive-date=April 5, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
==Parks and recreation==
Columbus boasts over {{convert|700|acres}} of parks and green space and over 20 miles of People Trails. These amenities, in addition to several athletic and community facilities, including Donner Aquatic Center, Lincoln Park Softball Complex, Hamilton Center Ice Arena, Clifty Park, Foundation for Youth/Columbus Gymnastics Center and The Commons, are managed and maintained by the Columbus Parks and Recreation Department.
==Transportation==
===Transit===
[[ColumBUS]] provides bus service in the city with five routes operating Monday through Saturday.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.columbus.in.gov/columbus-transit/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2023/01/2023-Route-1-Revisions-4-Panel-Guide-46817-20.pdf|title=Riders Guide|access-date=August 29, 2023}}</ref>
===Roads and highways===
The north–south [[US Route 31]] has been diverted to the northeastern part of the city. [[Interstate 65]] bypasses Columbus to the west. [[Indiana State Road 46|Indiana Route 46]] runs-east-west through the southern section of the city.
===Railroads===
Freight rail service is provided by the [[Louisville and Indiana Railroad]] (LIRC).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://columbusrailroadproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2016.11.21-RR-Impact-Study.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028084408/http://columbusrailroadproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2016.11.21-RR-Impact-Study.pdf |archive-date=2020-10-28 |url-status=live|title=Railroad Project}}</ref> The LIRC line runs in a north–south orientation along the western edge of Columbus.
The [[Pennsylvania Railroad]]'s ''Kentuckyian'' (Chicago-Louisville) made stops in the city until 1968.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Pennsylvania Railroad |journal=Official Guide of the Railways, Table 53 |publisher=National Railway Publication Company |volume=100 |issue=5 |date=October 1967}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Penn Central, Table 48, dropped after merger |journal=Official Guide of the Railways |publisher=National Railway Publication Company |volume=101 |issue=1 |date=June 1968}}</ref> The PRR and its successor, the [[Penn Central]], ran the Florida-bound ''[[South Wind (train)|South Wind]]'' up to 1971.<ref name=Edmonson>{{cite book |last1=Edmonson |first1=Harold A. |title=Journey to Amtrak |date=1972 |publisher=Kalmbach Publishing |isbn=978-0890240236 |pages=102–104}}</ref><ref name=Eve>{{cite magazine |magazine=[[Trains magazine|Trains]]|title=Passenger trains operating on the eve of Amtrak |url=https://ctr.trains.com/~/media/import/files/pdf/f/7/7/passenger_trains_operating_on_the_eve_of_amtrak.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224220507/https://ctr.trains.com/~/media/import/files/pdf/f/7/7/passenger_trains_operating_on_the_eve_of_amtrak.pdf |archive-date=2021-02-24 }}</ref>
The city has been earmarked as a location for a new Amtrak station along the Chicago-Indianapolis-Louisville rail corridor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chicago-Indianapolis-Cincinnati and Louisville |url=https://www.amtrakconnectsus.com/maps/chicago-indianapolis-cincinnati-louisville/ |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=Amtrak Connects US |language=en-US}}</ref>
===Airport===
Columbus is served by the [[Columbus Municipal Airport (Indiana)|Columbus Municipal Airport]] (KBAK). It is located approximately {{convert|3|mi|km}} north of Columbus. The airport handles approximately 40,500 operations per year, with roughly 87% general aviation, 4% air taxi, 8% military and less than 1% commercial service. The airport has two concrete runways; a 6,401-foot runway with approved ILS and GPS approaches (Runway 5-23) and a 5,001-foot crosswind runway, also with GPS approaches, (Runway 14-32).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airnav.com/airport/KBAK|title=KBAK - Columbus Municipal Airport|publisher=AirNav, LLC|access-date=June 25, 2017}}</ref>
The nearest commercial airport which currently has scheduled airline service is [[Indianapolis International Airport]] (IND), located approximately {{convert|55|mi|km}} northwest of Columbus. [[Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport]] and [[Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport]] are {{convert|78|mi|km}} to the south and {{convert|83|mi|km}} to the southeast, respectively.
==Notable people==
<!--a consensus reached to standardize this heading per WP: WikiProject Cities/US Guideline -->
This is a list of notable people who were born in, or who currently live, or have lived in Columbus.
* [[Ross Barbour (singer)|Ross Barbour]] and Don Barbour, singers, [[The Four Freshmen]]
*[[Michael Evans Behling]], actor
* [[Kate Bruce]], silent-film actress
* [[Clessie Cummins]], inventor, mechanic, salesman, and founder of engine manufacturer [[Cummins (corporation)|Cummins, Inc.]]
* [[William H. Donner]], businessman, industrialist and philanthropist
* [[Tyler Duncan]], golfer
* [[Dutch Fehring]], Major League Baseball player and Purdue coach
* [[Arthur W Graham III]], creator of the first fully automatic electronic race timing & scoring system, long-time Indy 500 executive race official
* [[Lee H. Hamilton]], member of U.S. Congress and co-chair of the [[9/11 Commission]]
* [[Bryan Hutson|Jordan Bryce Hutson]], gospel musician
* [[Jamie Hyneman]], former host of ''[[MythBusters]]''
* [[Blair Kiel]], Notre Dame and pro football quarterback
* [[Debbi Lawrence]], race walker<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/la/debbi-lawrence-1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418023619/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/la/debbi-lawrence-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 18, 2020|title=Debbi Lawrence Bio, Stats, and Results|website=Olympics at Sports-Reference.com|access-date=October 11, 2018}}</ref>
* [[Scott McNealy]], chairman and co-founder of [[Sun Microsystems]]
* [[J. Irwin Miller]], industrialist, CEO of Cummins
* [[Mike Moore (baseball executive)|Mike Moore]], Minor League Baseball president
* [[Jeff Osterhage]], television and film actor
* [[Bob Paris]], best-selling author, award-winning public speaker and social change agent, former Mr. Universe
* [[Greg Pence]], [[U.S. representative]] since 2019, older brother of [[Mike Pence]]
* [[Mike Pence]], [[List of Governors of Indiana|50th]] [[Governor of Indiana]] (2013–2017), [[List of Vice Presidents of the United States|48th]] [[Vice President of the United States]] (2017–2021), 2024 presidential candidate
* [[Mike Phipps]], Purdue All-American and #3 draft pick, NFL quarterback (Browns and Bears)
* [[Frank Richman]], Justice of the [[Indiana Supreme Court]], judge at the [[Nuremberg trials]]
* [[Terry Schmidt]], NFL cornerback
* [[Stephen Sprouse]], fashion designer
* [[Tony Stewart]], auto racing driver and team owner, [[United States Auto Club|USAC]], 3-time [[NASCAR]] Cup Series Champion, owner of NASCAR team Stewart Haas Racing and [[National Hot Rod Association|NHRA]] team Tony Stewart Racing
* [[Jill Tasker]], television and voice actor
* [[Chuck Taylor (salesman)|Chuck Taylor]], shoe designer
* [[Bruce Tinsley]], creator of [[Mallard Fillmore]]
* [[Herbert Wright (producer)|Herbert Wright]], producer
==Education==
The [[Bartholomew Consolidated School Corporation]] (BCSC) is the local school district. High schools include:
* [[Columbus East High School]]
* [[Columbus North High School]]
Columbus has a public library, a branch of the Bartholomew County Public Library.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mybcpl.org/hours | title=Hours | publisher=Bartholomew County Public Library | access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref>
Secondary education includes [[Indiana University–Purdue University Columbus]] (IUPUC), an [[Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana|Ivy Tech]] campus, a [[Purdue Polytechnic]] campus, and an [[Indiana Wesleyan University]] education center.
==See also==
* ''[[The Republic (Columbus)|The Republic]]'', daily newspaper based in Columbus
* [[List of public art in Bartholomew County, Indiana#Columbus|List of public art in Columbus, Indiana]]
* ''[[Columbus (2017 film)|Columbus]]'', a 2017 American film set in Columbus, Indiana
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==Sources==
* Illustrated Historical Atlas of Bartholomew County, Indiana, 1879 (reprinted by the Bartholomew County Historical Society, 1978)
* 2003 History of Bartholomew County, Indiana, Volume II, copyright 2003, by the Bartholomew County Historical Society
==Further reading==
* Columbus Indiana in Vintage Postcards, by Tamara Stone Iorio, copyright 2005 by Tamara Stone Iorio, published by Arcadia Publishing, {{ISBN|0-7385-3449-8}}
* "Have you Seen my Town?" by Pamela Dinsmore
* "Images of America: Columbus" by Patricia Mote
* "I Discover Columbus" by William Marsh
* "The Diesel Odyssey of Clessie Cummins" by Lyle Cummins
* "The Engine that Could" by Jeffrey L. Cruikshank and David B. Sicilia
* "Columbus Indiana" by Balthazar Korab
* "A Look at Architecture: Columbus Indiana" by the Visitor's Center
* "People and Places in my Town, Columbus Indiana" by Sylvia Worton
* "Folk Heroes, Heroines, and Hometown Heritage – From Columbus, Indiana's City Hall Murals and Beyond" is about Columbus' outstanding personality beyond its architecture. {{ISBN|978-0-615-27621-2}}, by Rose Pelone Sisson
==External links==
{{Commons category|Columbus, Indiana}}
{{NIE Poster|Columbus (Indiana)|Columbus, Indiana}}
* [http://www.columbus.in.gov City of Columbus website]
* [https://columbus.in.us/ Columbus Area Visitors Center]
* [http://www.historiccolumbusindiana.org A History of Columbus Indiana]
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Columbus (Indiana)|display=Columbus, a city and the county seat of Bartholomew county, Indiana, U.S.A. |short=x}}
{{Columbus, Indiana}}
{{County Seats of Indiana}}
{{Bartholomew County, Indiana}}
{{Indiana}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:Columbus, Indiana| ]]
[[Category:1820 establishments in Indiana]]
[[Category:Cities in Bartholomew County, Indiana| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Indiana]]
[[Category:County seats in Indiana]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1820]]