View source for Congress of the Republic of Guatemala

{{Short description|Guatemalan national legislature}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more footnotes needed|date=March 2013}}
{{Update|reason=[https://www.congreso.gob.gt/noticias_congreso/10610/2023/4#gsc.tab=0 Parliamentary blocs have been established]|date=January 2024}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name               = Congress of the Republic of Guatemala
| native_name        =Congreso de la República de Guatemala
| native_name_lang   =Lang-es
| legislature        =X Legislature
| coa_pic            =Logo del Congreso de la República de Guatemala.svg
| coa_res            = 150px
| foundation         = 11 March 1945
| house_type         = Unicameral
| leader1_type       = [[List of Presidents of the Congress of the Republic of Guatemala|President]]
| leader1            = [[Nery Ramos]]
| party1             = [[Blue Party (Guatemala)|Blue]]
| election1          = 19 January 2024
| leader2_type       = 1st Vice President
| leader2            = Jorge Romeo Castro
| party2             = [[Vision with Values|VIVA]]
| election2          = 14 January 2025
| leader3_type       = 2nd Vice President
| leader3            = Jorge Estuardo Ayala
| party3             = [[Valor (political party)|Valor]]
| election3          = 14 January 2025
| leader4_type       = 3rd Vice President
| leader4            = Kevyn Escobar
| party4             = [[Cabal (political party)|Cabal]]
| election4          = 14 January 2025
| leader5_type       = 1st Secretary
| leader5            = Karina Paz
| party5             = [[Will, Opportunity and Solidarity|VOS]]
| election5          = 19 January 2024
| members            = 160 members
| structure1         = File:Guatemala Congress 2023.svg| structure1_res     = 250px
| political_groups1  = '''[[Cabinet of Bernardo Arévalo|Government]] (25)'''
*{{legend|#00CCC9|[[Semilla (political party)|SEMILLA]]: 24 seats}}
*{{legend|#EB1C22|[[Winaq|WINAQ]]-[[Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity|URNG]]: 1 seat}}
'''Others (135)'''<!--not necessarily full opposition, per https://www.sinpermiso.info/textos/guatemala-podran-bernardo-arevalo-y-semilla-controlar-al-congreso-en-la-primera-legislatura and https://www.divergentes.com/semilla-estructura-alianza-politica-para-cimentar-bernardo-arevalo/ -->
*{{legend|#34478E|[[Vamos (Guatemala)|VAMOS]]: 40 seats}}
*{{legend|#50A700|[[National Unity of Hope|UNE]]: 27 seats}}
*{{legend|#1642FD|[[Cabal (political party)|CABAL]]: 18 seats}}
*{{legend|#10656B|[[Valor (political party)|VALOR]]: 11 seats}}
*{{legend|#00A3E6|[[Vision with Values|VIVA]]: 9 seats}}
*{{legend|#652D92|[[Todos (political party)|TODOS]]: 6 seats}}
*{{legend|#CF152C|[[Nosotros (political party)|PPN]]: 5 seats}}
*{{legend|#D0147E|[[Will, Opportunity and Solidarity|VOS]]: 4 seats}}
*{{legend|#E78C35|[[Bienestar Nacional|BIEN]]: 4 seats}}
*{{legend|#FFCF00|[[Commitment, Renewal and Order|CREO]]: 3 seats}}
*{{legend|#E11829|[[Victory (political party)|VICTORIA]]: 3 seats}}
*{{legend|{{party color|Unionist Party (Guatemala)}}|[[Unionist Party (Guatemala)|UNIONISTA]]: 2 seats}}
*{{legend|#FFEF00|[[Elephant Community|ELEFANTE]]: 1 seat}}
*{{legend|#FBD504|[[Cambio (political party)|Cambio]]: 1 seat}}
*{{legend|#1F21AA|[[Blue Party (Guatemala)|AZUL]]: 1 seat}}
| structure2_res     = 250px
| voting_system1     = [[Closed list|Closed-list]] [[proportional representation]]
| last_election1     = [[2023 Guatemalan general election|25 June 2023]]
| next_election1     = 2027
| session_room       = 20240530 NP CONGRESO DE LA REPUBLICA 49 ANIVERSARIO CONSTITUCION POLITICA DE LA REPUBLICA 022.jpg
| session_res        = 250px
| meeting_place      = Zone 1,[[Guatemala City]]
| website            = {{URL|www.congreso.gob.gt}}
| motto              =God, Union, Liberty
}}
{{Politics of Guatemala}}
The '''Congress of the Republic''' ({{langx|es|Congreso de la República}}) is the [[Unicameralism|unicameral]] [[legislature]] of the [[Guatemala|Republic of Guatemala]]. The Guatemalan Congress is made up of 160 [[Chamber of Deputies|deputies]] who are elected by [[universal suffrage|direct universal suffrage]] to serve four-year terms. The electoral system is closed party list proportional representation. 31 of the deputies are elected on a nationwide list, whilst the remaining 127 deputies are elected in 22 multi-member constituencies. Each of Guatemala's 22 [[Departments of Guatemala|departments]] serves as a district, with the exception of the [[Guatemala Department|department of Guatemala]] containing the capital, which on account of its size is divided into two  ''(distrito central'' and ''distrito Guatemala)''. Departments are allocated seats based on their population size and they are shown in the table below.
== Deputies by Department==
{| class = "wikitable"
|-
! Department
! Deputies
|-
| [[Guatemala|Listado Nacional]]
| 31
|-
| [[Ciudad de Guatemala|Distrito Central]]
| 19
|-
| [[Alta Verapaz Department|Alta Verapaz]]
| 9
|-
| [[Baja Verapaz Department|Baja Verapaz]]
| 2
|-
| [[Chimaltenango Department|Chimaltenango]]
| 5
|-
| [[Chiquimula Department|Chiquimula]]
| 3
|-
| [[El Progreso Department|El Progreso]]
| 1
|-
| [[Escuintla Department|Escuintla]]
| 6
|-
| [[Guatemala Department|Guatemala (Distrito)]]
| 11
|-
| [[Huehuetenango Department|Huehuetenango]]
| 10
|-
| [[Izabal Department|Izabal]]
| 3
|-
| [[Jalapa Department|Jalapa]]
| 3
|-
| [[Jutiapa Department|Jutiapa]]
| 4
|-
| [[Petén Department|Petén]]
| 4
|-
| [[Quetzaltenango Department|Quetzaltenango]]
| 7
|-
| [[Quiché Department|Quiché]]
| 8
|-
| [[Retalhuleu Department|Retalhuleu]]
| 3
|-
| [[Sacatepéquez Department|Sacatepéquez]]
| 3
|-
| [[San Marcos Department|San Marcos]]
| 9
|-
| [[Santa Rosa Department, Guatemala|Santa Rosa]]
| 3
|-
| [[Sololá Department|Sololá]]
| 3
|-
| [[Suchitepéquez Department|Suchitepéquez]]
| 5
|-
| [[Totonicapán Department|Totonicapán]]
| 4
|-
| [[Zacapa Department|Zacapa]]
| 2
|-
|-
| align="center" | '''Total'''
| align="center" | 160
|}
== History ==
Guatemala had a bicameral legislature in the 1845 constitution. It was replaced with the unicameral Chamber of Representatives ({{langx|es|Cámara de Representantes}}), which was in turn reformulated as the National Assembly ({{langx|es|Asamblea Nacional|links=no}}) in 1879, then the Congress of the Republic in 1945.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044058953571|hdl = 2027/hvd.32044058953571|title = Guatemala|series = Latin American series ;no. 30|year = 1947}}</ref>
== Political culture ==
It is not uncommon for deputies to [[Crossing the floor|change parties]] during the legislature's term or to secede from a party and create a new party or congressional block.
== Building ==
The Congress of the Republic Guatemala is located in the Legislative Palace in Guatemala city.<ref>{{cite web |title=Palacio Legislativo |url=https://www.congreso.gob.gt/historia_congreso/2/1 |website=Congreso de la República |access-date=12 September 2023}}</ref>
During the [[2020 Guatemalan protests|protests]] against the budget for 2021 on 21 November 2020, protestors entered the building and set parts of it on fire.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/21/world/americas/guatemala-budget-protests-congress-fire.html|title=Protesters in Guatemala Set Fire to Congress Building Over Spending Cuts|first1=Nic|last1=Wirtz|first2=Natalie|last2=Kitroeff|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=21 November 2021|accessdate=28 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Pérez D.|first=Sonia|date=21 November 2020|title=Protesters burn part of Guatemala's Congress building|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/protesters-burn-part-guatemalas-congress-building-74339199|url-status=live|access-date=28 November 2021|website=ABC News|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121222323/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/protesters-burn-part-guatemalas-congress-building-74339199 |archive-date=21 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=21 November 2020|title=Protesters set fire to Guatemalan Congress|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/protesters-set-fire-to-guatemalan-congress/vi-BB1beTKg|access-date=28 November 2021|work=MSN.com|agency=AFP}}</ref>
==Latest election==
{{main|2023 Guatemalan general election}}
[[File:2023 Guatemalan legislative election - Results.svg|thumb|260x260px|Result of the legislative election.]]
{{Election results
| image = [[File:Guatemala Congress 2023.svg|Congreso de Guatemala (2023)]]
|firstround=National|secondround=District
|alliance1=[[Vamos (Guatemala)|Vamos]]|votes1=628126|seats1=6|votes1_2=696325|seats1_2=33|totseats1=39|sc1=+23
|alliance2=[[National Unity of Hope]]|votes2=538010|seats2=5|votes2_2=571867|seats2_2=23|totseats2=28|sc2=–26
|alliance3=[[Semilla (Guatemala)|Semilla]]|votes3=488692|seats3=5|votes3_2=430297|seats3_2=18|totseats3=23|sc3=+16
|alliance4=[[Cabal (political party)|Cabal]]|votes4=371215|seats4=3|votes4_2=401035|seats4_2=15|totseats4=18|sc4=New
|alliance5=[[Vision with Values]]|votes5=288546|seats5=3|votes5_2=258605|seats5_2=8|totseats5=11|sc5=+4
|alliance6=[[Valor (political party)|Valor]]–[[Unionist Party (Guatemala)|Unionist]]|party6=Valor–Unionist|color6=#1f6592|votes6=229861|seats6=2|vspan6=3|aspan6=3|votes6_2=124133|seats6_2=3|totseats6=5|sc6=New
|party7=[[Valor (political party)|Valor]]|seats7=N/A|votes7_2=197538|seats7_2=7|totseats7=7|sc7=–2
|party8=[[Unionist Party (Guatemala)|Unionist Party]]|seats8=N/A|votes8_2=22363|seats8_2=0|totseats8=0|sc8=–3
|alliance9=[[Will, Opportunity and Solidarity]]|votes9=186438|seats9=1|votes9_2=178750|seats9_2=3|totseats9=4|sc9=New
|alliance10=[[Todos (political party)|Todos]]|votes10=169101|seats10=1|votes10_2=198893|seats10_2=5|totseats10=6|sc10=–1
|alliance11=[[Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity|URNG–MAIZ]]–[[Winaq]]|party11=URNG–MAIZ–Winaq|color11=#e15d27|votes11=133694|vspan11=3|aspan11=3|seats11=1|votes11_2=25013|seats11_2=0|totseats11=1|sc11=New
|party12=[[Winaq]]|seats12=N/A|votes12_2=76137|seats12_2=0|totseats12=0|sc12=–3
|party13=[[Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity]]|seats13=N/A|votes13_2=87687|seats13_2=0|totseats13=0|sc13=–3
|alliance14=[[Nosotros (political party)|Nosotros]]|votes14=131217|seats14=1|votes14_2=138742|seats14_2=2|totseats14=3|sc14=New
|alliance15=[[Victory (political party)|Victory]]|votes15=124946|seats15=1|votes15_2=126830|seats15_2=2|totseats15=3|sc15=–
|alliance16=[[Bienestar Nacional]]|votes16=112742|seats16=1|votes16_2=121488|seats16_2=3|totseats16=4|sc16=–4
|alliance17=[[Blue Party (Guatemala)|Blue Party]]|votes17=98487|seats17=1|votes17_2=109802|seats17_2=1|totseats17=2|sc17=New
|alliance18=[[Elephant Community]]|votes18=95435|seats18=1|votes18_2=90040|seats18_2=1|totseats18=2|sc18=New
|alliance19=[[Podemos (Guatemala)|Podemos]]|votes19=86475|seats19=0|votes19_2=87011|seats19_2=0|totseats19=0|sc19=–1
|alliance20=[[Commitment, Renewal and Order]]|votes20=84667|seats20=0|votes20_2=102421|seats20_2=3|totseats20=3|sc20=–3
|alliance21=[[Movement for the Liberation of Peoples]]|votes21=74802|seats21=0|votes21_2=81142|seats21_2=0|totseats21=0|sc21=–1
|alliance22=[[Humanist Party of Guatemala]]|votes22=61564|seats22=0|votes22_2=72059|seats22_2=0|totseats22=0|sc22=–6
|alliance23=[[Cambio (political party)|Change]]|votes23=52754|seats23=0|votes23_2=87821|seats23_2=1|totseats23=1|sc23=New
|alliance24=[[National Advancement Party]]|votes24=45940|seats24=0|votes24_2=41594|seats24_2=0|totseats24=0|sc24=–2
|alliance25=My Family|votes25=45402|seats25=0|votes25_2=44576|seats25_2=0|totseats25=0|sc25=New
|alliance26=[[Republican Union (Guatemala)|Republican Union]]|votes26=34982|seats26=0|votes26_2=34159|seats26_2=0|totseats26=0|sc26=New
|alliance27=[[National Convergence Front]]|votes27=28827|seats27=0|votes27_2=29386|seats27_2=0|totseats27=0|sc27=–8
|alliance28=[[Guatemalan People's Party]]|votes28=23837|seats28=0|votes28_2=12672|seats28_2=0|totseats28=0|sc28=New
|alliance29=[[Republican Party (Guatemala)|Republican Party]]|votes29=21658|seats29=0|votes29_2=20115|seats29_2=0|totseats29=0|sc29=New
|alliance30=[[National Integration Party (Guatemala)|National Integration Party]]|votes30=13927|seats30=0|votes30_2=12416|seats30_2=0|totseats30=0|sc30=New
|source=[https://primeraeleccion.trep.gt/#!/tc2/ENT TSE] (99.13% counted, national votes) [https://primeraeleccion.trep.gt/#!/tc3/DIV/e0 TSE]
}}
=== Central American Parliament ===
{{Election results
| image = {{Parliament diagram
| background = #F8F9FA
| n1 = 20   | p1 = Independent
}}
|party1=[[Vamos (Guatemala)|Vamos]]|votes1=655906|seats1=5|sc1=+2
|party2=[[National Unity of Hope]]|votes2=594918|seats2=4|sc2=–1
|party3=[[Semilla (Guatemala)|Semilla]]|votes3=425629|seats3=3|sc3=+2
|party4=[[Vision with Values]]|votes4=274193|seats4=2|sc4=+1
|party5=[[Valor (political party)|Valor]]–[[Unionist Party (Guatemala)|Unionist]]|color5=#1f6592|votes5=256291|seats5=2|sc5=+1
|party6=[[Todos (political party)|Todos]]|votes6=166509|seats6=1|sc6=–
|party7=[[Will, Opportunity and Solidarity]]|votes7=155181|seats7=1|sc7=+1
|party8=[[Nosotros (political party)|Nosotros]]|votes8=131284|seats8=1|sc8=+1
|party9=[[Victory (political party)|Victory]]|votes9=120106|seats9=1|sc9=+1
|party10=[[Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity|URNG–MAIZ]]–[[Winaq]]|color10=#e15d27|votes10=118998|seats10=0|sc10=–2
|party11=[[Bienestar Nacional]]|votes11=108030|seats11=0
|party12=[[Elephant Community]]|votes12=100932|seats12=0
|party13=[[Blue Party (Guatemala)|Blue Party]]|votes13=95540|seats13=0
|party14=[[Podemos (Guatemala)|Podemos]]|votes14=86116|seats14=0
|party15=[[Commitment, Renewal and Order]]|votes15=81892|sc15=–1|seats15=0
|party16=[[Humanist Party of Guatemala]]|votes16=70219|seats16=0
|party17=[[Cambio (political party)|Change]]|votes17=55276|seats17=0
|party18=My Family|votes18=48948|seats18=0
|party19=[[National Advancement Party]]|votes19=41712|seats19=0
|party20=[[Republican Union (Guatemala)|Republican Union]]|votes20=34415|seats20=0
|party21=[[National Convergence Front]]|votes21=28930|sc21=–2 |seats21=0
|party22=[[Guatemalan People's Party]]|votes22=23435|seats22=0
|party23=[[Republican Party (Guatemala)|Republican Party]]|votes23=20666|seats23=0
| blank = 645511
| invalid = 1272521
| source = [https://primeraeleccion.trep.gt/#!/tc5/ENT TSE] (99.10% percent counted)
}}
==See also==
*[[Politics of Guatemala]]
*[[List of legislatures by country]]
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.congreso.gob.gt}}
{{Guatemala topics}}
{{Legislatures of the Americas}}
{{National unicameral legislatures}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Congress Of Guatemala}}
[[Category:National legislatures|Guatemala]]
[[Category:Government of Guatemala]]
[[Category:Unicameral legislatures|Guatemala]]
[[Category:1945 establishments in Guatemala]]