View source for Cosmos-class submarine

{{Short description|Midget submarine class}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin <!-- submarine classes -->
|infobox caption=Cosmos-class submarine
|display title=
|sclass= 2
}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=Cosmos Class Submarine.jpg
|Ship image size=
|Ship caption=
}}
{{Infobox ship class overview
|Builders=
Design: [[Cos.Mo.S]] in [[Livorno]], [[Italy]]
Construction and Design: [[Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works|KS&EW Ltd.]] in [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]]
|Operators={{navy|Pakistan}}
|Class before={{sclass2|SX-404|submarine|4}}
|Class after={{sclass2|Dolgorae|submarine|4}} ([[Republic of Korea Navy|South Korea]])
|Subclasses=
|Built range=1993–96
|In commission range=
|Total ships planned=3
|Total ships on order=
|Total ships building=
|Total ships completed=3
|Total ships cancelled=
|Total ships active=3
|Total ships laid up=
|Ship homeport=[[PNS Iqbal]], Karachi (1993—)
|Total ships lost=
|Total ships retired=
|Total ships scrapped=
|Total ships preserved=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship type=[[Swimmer Delivery Vehicle|SDV]]/[[Midget submarine]]
|Ship displacement=* '''Surfaced:''' 102 tons
* '''Submerged:''' 110 tons
|Ship length={{convert|28|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|2.30|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught=
|Ship draft={{convert|5.59|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship propulsion=[[Diesel-electric submarine|Diesel-electric]]
|Ship speed=
* '''Surfaced''': {{convert|9|kn|lk=in}}
* '''Submerged''': {{convert|6.0|kn}}
|Ship range={{convert|2500|mi|km}}
|Ship endurance=20 days
|Ship test depth={{convert|110|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|Ship complement=14, (6 operations, 2 SEAL Teams)
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=
* Torpedo tubes
* Mine laying hooks
|Ship notes=
}}
|}
The '''Cosmos-class submarine''', officially Cos.Mo.S MG-110<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sutton |first1=HI |title=www.forbes.com |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/hisutton/2020/07/16/pakistan-navy-keeps-silent-on-mystery-submarine-but-new-details-emerge/#4b93db0d7618 |website=Pakistan Navy Keeps Silent On Mystery Submarine But New Details Emerge |publisher=Forbes |access-date=18 July 2020}}</ref> locally designated as '''X-Craft''',<ref name="Navy ISPR" /> are a class of [[midget submarine]]s designed by the [[Italy|Italian]] firm [[Cos.Mo.S]], in [[Karachi Naval Dockyard]], [[Pakistan]].<ref name="global security.org, J. Pike">{{cite web |last1=Pike |first1=John |title=Cosmos Class MG110 |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/mg110.htm |website=www.globalsecurity.org |publisher=global security.org |access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref>
The Cosmos-class submarines are currently stationed in [[PNS Iqbal]] and are used as the SDV for the SEAL Teams of the [[Special Service Group (Navy)|Navy Special Service Group]], since 1993.<ref name="global security.org, J. Pike"/> Despite classified as submarine by its builder in Karachi, the Cosmos, nonetheless, fall under the responsibility of the [[Naval Strategic Forces Command (Pakistan)|Naval Strategic Forces Command]] for planning development while the Commander of the Coastal Areas remains in charge for the operational deployments only.<ref name="Navy ISPR">{{cite web |title=Submarine Force |url=https://www.paknavy.gov.pk/submarine_history.html |website=www.paknavy.gov.pk |publisher=Navy ISPR |access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref>
==Design overview==
Design was initially conceived in 1983–85 in [[Italy]] for the [[Comando Raggruppamento Subacquei e Incursori Teseo Tesei|COMSUBIN]] (special forces) of the ''[[Marina Militare]]'' (Italian Navy), which was already operating a large fleet of midget class submarines in their inventory.{{rp|270-271}}<ref name="Psychology Press, Tunander, 2004">{{cite book |last1=Tunander |first1=Ola |title=The Secret War Against Sweden: US and British Submarine Deception in the 1980s |date=2004 |publisher=Psychology Press |location=London, UK |isbn=9780714653228 |pages=333 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cN-ETroO0zEC&q=Cosmos&pg=PA270 |access-date=20 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref> The Italian firm, Cosmos, had initially [[Engineering design|designed]] for the eight submarines, along with the designs of three {{sclass2|Dolgorae|submarine|1}} for the [[Republic of Korea Navy]] in 1983.{{rp|84}}<ref name="Pen and Sword, Thornton, 1996">{{cite book |last1=Thornton |first1=W. M. |title=Submarine Insignia and Submarine Services of the World |date=1996 |publisher=Pen and Sword |isbn=9780850525366 |pages=155 |access-date=20 February 2019|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wdCkAwAAQBAJ&q=Cosmos-class+submarine&pg=PA84 |language=en}}</ref>
The Cosmos-class submarines are {{convert|28|m|ftin|abbr=on}}{{rp|270}}<ref name="Psychology Press, Tunander, 2004"/> (sources vary with ''[[GlobalSecurity.org]]'' noting the length at {{convert|27.25|m|ftin|abbr=on}})<ref name="global security.org, J. Pike" /> long, and with one propeller that is powered by a [[Diesel-electric submarine|diesel-electric engine]].{{rp|270}}<ref name="Psychology Press, Tunander, 2004"/> The Cosmos are more capable of conducting the operations than their predecessor design, the {{sclass2|SX-404|submarine|0}} submarine in 1970s.{{rp|270}}<ref name="Psychology Press, Tunander, 2004"/> The submarine range is between {{convert|1800|mi|km|0}} at {{convert|6.0|kn|lk=in}} in diving capability and has an endurance of up to twenty days in sea.{{rp|86-87}}<ref name="Annati, 1996">Massimo Annati, "Underwater special operations craft", Military technology, no. 3, 1996</ref> The Cosmos can launch the [[Whitehead Mark 5 torpedo|Mark 5 torpedo]] from the standard 533 mm torpedo tubes according to the research paper published by Massimo Annati in 1996 at the [[United States Naval Academy]] in the U.S. state of [[Maryland]].{{rp|88}}<ref name="Annati, 1996"/>
In 1990, the Pakistan Navy entered in discussion with the ''Marina Militare'' (Italian Navy) of procuring these submarines in a view of decommissioning the SX-404-class submarines that was bought from Italy in 1970.{{rp|270}}<ref name="Psychology Press, Tunander, 2004"/> The three designs of the Cosmos were originally intended for the export to the Republic of Korea Navy in 1983, which was already seeking the Dolgorae design.{{rp|84}}<ref name="Pen and Sword, Thornton, 1996"/>
In 1990s, Pakistan bought the [[Proprietary trading|proprietary designs]] and had the engineers from the Italian firm, the Cosmos Spa, to re-design and constructed the Cosmos-class submarines in a joint venture with the KS&EW Ltd. at the [[Karachi Naval Dockyard]] in [[Karachi]], [[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]].{{rp|172}}<ref name="Arnett, Oxford University Press, 1997">{{cite book |last1=Arnett |first1=Eric H. |title=Military Capacity and the Risk of War: China, India, Pakistan, and Iran |date=1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780198292814 |pages=346 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eOgj3HHDnJkC&q=Cosmos-class+submarine+pakistan&pg=PA172 |access-date=20 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref> The KS&EW Ltd. received the production license for the Cosmos for export from her manufacturer and the first ship of her class was commissioned in the Navy in 1993.<ref name="global security.org, J. Pike" /> Two other submarines were entered in service in 1993 and 1996 respectively.<ref name="global security.org, J. Pike" /> The Cosmos serves as the [[swimmer delivery vehicle]] (SDV) for the [[Special Service Group (Navy)|Navy Special Service Group]] and were initially under their control until 2005 while stationed at [[PNS Iqbal]] in Karachi.<ref name="Navy ISPR" />
In 2005, the Cosmos control was given to the Commander Submarines (COMSUBS) for the operational deployments but later the control of the submarines were given back to the Navy Special Service Group under Command of the Coastal Areas (COMCOAST) for operational deployment while its engineering and maintenance remains under the [[Naval Strategic Forces Command (Pakistan)|Naval Strategic Forces Command]].<ref name="Navy ISPR" />
{{as of|2019}}, there are three Cosmos-class submarines that are active in the Navy as shown below:
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#079;color:#fff;" | Name
! style="background:#079;color:#fff;" | Builder
! style="background:#079;color:#fff;" | Launched
! style="background:#079;color:#fff;" | Commissioned
! style="background:#079;color:#fff;" | Decommissioned
! style="background:#079;color:#fff;" | Status
|-
|''—''
|KS&EW Ltd.
|
|1993
|''—''
|Active
|-
|''—''
|KS&EW Ltd.
|
|1993
|''—''
|Active
|-
|''—''
|KS&EW Ltd.
|1993
|1996
|''—''
|Active
|-
|}
{{center|Source: [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/mg110.htm MG110 Cosmos/X-Craft by globalsecurity.org] }}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/mg110.htm MG110 Cosmos/X-Craft]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cosmos}}
{{Pakistan Armed Forces}}
[[Category:Submarine classes]]
[[Category:Submarines of Italy]]
[[Category:Midget submarines]]
[[Category:Submarines of the Pakistan Navy]]
[[Category:Italy–Pakistan relations]]
[[Category:Ships built in Pakistan]]
[[Category:1993 in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Cos.Mo.S]]