View source for Crab-eating frog

{{Short description|Species of amphibian}}
{{speciesbox
| name = Crab-eating frog
| image = Fejer cancri 050403 002 tdp.jpg
| image_caption = ''Fejervarya cancrivora'' from Bogor, West [[Java]]
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Yuan Zhigang, Zhao Ermi, Shi Haitao, Diesmos, A. |author2=Alcala, A. |author3=Brown, R. |author4=Afuang, L. |author5=Gee, G. |author6=Sukumaran, J. |author7=Yaakob, N. |author8=Leong Tzi Ming, Yodchaiy Chuaynkern, Kumthorn Thirakhupt, Das, I. |author9=Iskandar, D. |author10=Mumpuni. |author11=Robert Inger |date=2004 |title=''Fejervarya cancrivora'' |volume=2004 |page=e.T58269A11759436 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T58269A11759436.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
| taxon = Fejervarya cancrivora
| authority = ([[Johann Ludwig Christian Gravenhorst|Gravenhorst]], 1829)
| synonyms = ''Rana cancrivora'' <small>[[Johann Ludwig Christian Gravenhorst|Gravenhorst]], 1829</small><br />
''Rana cancrivora'' ssp. ''raja'' [[Andrew Smith (zoologist)|Smith]], 1930<br />
''Fejervarya raja'' <small>(Smith, 1930)</small>
}}
The '''crab-eating frog''' ('''''Fejervarya cancrivora''''') is a [[frog]] native to south-eastern [[Asia]] including Taiwan,<ref name="Lue">{{cite web |url=http://amphibia.biota.biodiv.tw/pages/380 |title=''Fejervarya cancrivora'' |last=Lue |first=Kuang-Yang |work=BiotaTaiwanica |accessdate=12 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161216040645/http://amphibia.biota.biodiv.tw/pages/380 |archive-date=16 December 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> China, [[Sumatra]] in Indonesia,<ref>Tanjung RD, Kusrini MD, Mardiastuti A, Yustian I, Setiawan A, Iqbal M. 2023. Amphibian community structure in Isau-Isau Wildlife Reserve, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6836-6843.</ref> the [[Philippines]] and more rarely as far west as [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] in India.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130125062336/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Rare-species-of-frog-snake-in-Orissa/Article1-232864.aspx Rare species of frog, snake in Orissa]</ref> It has also been introduced to [[Guam]],  most likely from Taiwan.<ref>Wostl, Elijah, Eric N. Smith, and Robert N. Reed. 2016. ''Origin and Identity of Fejervarya (Anura: Dicroglossidae) on Guam''. Pacific Science 70(2):233-241. https://doi.org/10.2984/70.2.9</ref> It inhabits [[mangrove swamp]]s and marshes and is one of 144 known [[Lissamphibia|modern amphibian]]s which can tolerate brief excursions into [[seawater]], and is possibly the only extant marine amphibian.<ref>{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-14-00006|title = Occurrence of Amphibians in Saline Habitats: A Review and Evolutionary Perspective|journal = Herpetological Monographs|volume = 29|pages = 1–27|year = 2015|last1 = Hopkins|first1 = Gareth R.|last2 = Brodie|first2 = Edmund D.|s2cid = 83659304}}</ref>
This frog can tolerate marine environments (immersion in sea water for brief periods or [[brackish]] water for extended periods) by increasing [[urea]] production and retention, and by remaining slightly hyperosmotic within urea and sodium flux.<ref>{{Cite journal |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=167–177 |last1=Schmidt-Nielsen |first1=Knut |authorlink=Knut Schmidt-Nielsen |last2=Lee |first2=Ping |title=Kidney function in the crab-eating frog (''Rana cancrivora'') |journal=[[Journal of Experimental Biology]] |year=1962 |doi=10.1242/jeb.39.1.167 |pmid=13908824 |url=http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/39/1/167.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dicker |first1=Sebastian Ernest |last2=Elliott |first2=Annie B. |title=Water uptake by the crab-eating frog ''Rana cancrivora'', as affected by osmotic gradients and by neurohypophysial hormones |journal=[[Journal of Physiology]] |volume=207 |issue=1 |pages=119–32 |date=March 1970 |pmid=5503862 |pmc=1348696 |url=http://www.jphysiol.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=5503862 |doi=10.1113/jphysiol.1970.sp009052}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tatsunori |first1=Seki |last2=Sakae |first2=Kikuyama |last3=Noboru |first3=Yanaihara |title=Morphology of the skin glands of the crab-eating frog: ''Rana cancrivora'' |journal=[[Zoological Science]] |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=623–6 |date=1995-10-15 |url=http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110003323347/en/ |doi=10.2108/zsj.12.623|s2cid=86285729 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Adults can survive in salt water with salinity as high as 2.8%, and tadpoles can survive salinities as high as 3.9%.<ref>{{Citation
| last1 = Gordon | first1 = Malcolm S.
| last2 = Schmidt-Nielsen | first2 = Knut | author2-link = Knut Schmidt-Nielsen
| last3 = Kelly | first3 = Hamilton M.
| title = Osmotic regulation in the crab-eating frog (''Rana cancrivora'')
| journal = Journal of Experimental Biology
| volume = 38
| issue = 3
| pages = 659–678
| date =  1961
| doi = 10.1242/jeb.38.3.659
| url = http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/abstract/38/3/659
}}</ref>
==Diet==
The food sources of the crab-eating frog are mainly determined by the locally available prey. Near fresh water, its diet consists largely of insects. But in an environment with brackish water, small [[crustacean]]s, including [[crab]]s, form the main part.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Annie B. Elliott |author2=Letha Karunakaran |title=Diet of ''Rana cancrivora'' in fresh water and brackish water environments |journal=[[Journal of Zoology]] |volume=174 |issue=2 |pages=203–215 |date=October 1974 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.1974.tb03152.x}}</ref>
==Human consumption==
In Southeast Asia, the crab-eating frog is locally hunted for food and is often farmed for its [[Frog legs|edible legs]], including in Java, Indonesia.<ref name="Kusrini">Kusrini, MD (2005). [http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/1118/2/02whole.pdf Edible frog harvesting in Indonesia: evaluating its impact and ecological context]. Ph.D. dissertation, James Cook University.</ref>
==See also==
* [[Cuban tree frog]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
*{{cite book |title=The Amphibian Fauna of Peninsular Malaysia |last=Berry |first=P. Y. |year=1975 |publisher=Tropical Press |location=Kuala Lumpur }}
*{{cite book |title=The Systematics and Zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo |url=https://archive.org/details/systematicszooge52inge |last=Inger |first=Robert F. |year=1966 |publisher=Field Museum of Natural History |location=Chicago (IL) |isbn=983-99659-0-5 }}
*{{cite book |title=A Field guide to the Frogs of Borneo |last1=Inger |first1=Robert F. |last2=Stuebing |first2=Robert B. |year=1997 |publisher=Natural History Publications |location=Kota Kinabalu, Borneo |isbn=983-812-085-5 |edition=2nd }}
*{{cite book |title=Amfibi Jawa dan Bali |last=Iskandar |first=Djoko Tjahono |year= 1998|publisher=Puslitbang Biologi - LIPI |location=Bogor (Indonesia) |isbn=979-579-015-3 }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Iskandar |first1=Djoko Tjahono |last2=Colijn |first2=Ed |title=Preliminary Checklist of Southeast Asian and New Guinean Herpetofauna. I. Amphibians |journal=Treubia |volume=31 |issue=3 Suppl |pages=1–133 |date=December 2000}}
==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190423164134/http://www.amphibia.my/page.php%3Fpageid%3Ds_foundk%26s_id%3D50%26search1%3DFejervarya%2520cancrivora%26species%3DFejervarya%2520cancrivora%26submit%3DSearch! Amphibian and Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia -  ''Fejervarya cancrivora'']
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161018155117/http://www.amphibia.my/page.php?pageid=s_foundk&s_id=53&search1=Fejervarya%20raja&species=Fejervarya%20raja&submit=Search! Amphibian and Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia - ''Fejervarya raja'']
* [http://www.ecologyasia.com/verts/amphibians/crab-eating_frog.htm Crab-eating Frog at Ecology Asia]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2275335}}
[[Category:Fejervarya]]
[[Category:Amphibians of Cambodia]]
[[Category: Amphibians of China]]
[[Category:Frogs of India]]
[[Category:Amphibians of India]]
[[Category:Amphibians of Laos]]
[[Category:Amphibians of Indonesia]]
[[Category:Amphibians of Malaysia]]
[[Category:Amphibians of Singapore]]
[[Category:Amphibians of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Amphibians of Taiwan]]
[[Category:Amphibians of Thailand]]
[[Category:Amphibians of Vietnam]]
[[Category:Amphibians described in 1829]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Johann Ludwig Christian Gravenhorst]]
{{dicroglossidae-stub}}