View source for Cycle per second

{{Short description|Historical synonym for hertz, the unit of frequency}}
{{about|the unit of frequency|the unit used to measure ionizing radiation|counts per minute}}
{{Infobox unit
| bgcolor       =
| name          = Cycle per second
| image         = Octal base crystal.jpg
| caption       = A 1&nbsp;MHz military-grade [[Crystal oscillator|crystal resonator]] with an [[Tube socket#Octal|octal base]], marked "1000&nbsp;KC" for 1000 kilocycles per second.
| standard      =
| quantity      = Frequency, rotational frequency
| symbol        = cps
| symbol2       = c/s
| namedafter    =
| extralabel    =
| extradata     =
| units1        = SI units
| inunits1      = 1&nbsp;Hz=1&nbsp;s<sup>−1</sup>
}}
The '''cycle per second''' is a once-common English name for the unit of [[frequency]] now known as the ''[[hertz]]'' (Hz). Cycles per second may be denoted by '''c.p.s.''', '''c/s''', or, ambiguously, just "cycles" (Cyc., Cy., C, or c). The term comes from repetitive phenomena such as [[sound wave]]s having a frequency measurable as a number of oscillations, or cycles, per second.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ewbank |first1=Henry Lee |last2=Lawton |first2=Sherman Paxton |title=Projects for Radio Speech: A Manual for the Student |url=https://archive.org/details/projectsforradio00ewba |url-access=registration |year=1940 |page=[https://archive.org/details/projectsforradio00ewba/page/n158 151] |publisher=Harper & Brothers |place=New York}}</ref>
With the organization of the [[International System of Units]] in 1960, the cycle per second was officially replaced by the [[hertz]], or [[reciprocal second]], "s<sup>−1</sup>" or "1/s". Symbolically, "cycle per second" units are "cycle/second", while hertz is "Hz" or "s<sup>−1</sup>".<ref name="Taylor">{{Cite book |editor1-last=Taylor |editor1-first=Barry N. |editor2-last=Thompson |editor2-first=Ambler |title=International System of Units (SI)|edition=2008 |series=Special Publication |volume=330 |year=2008 |publisher=National Institute of Standards and Technology |place=Gaithersburg, MD |url=https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication330e2008.pdf |page=27 |access-date=2019-09-02}}</ref> For higher frequencies, ''kilocycles'' (kc), as an abbreviation of ''kilocycles per second'' were often used on components or devices. Other higher units like ''megacycle'' (Mc) and less commonly ''kilomegacycle'' (kMc) were used before 1960<ref>{{Cite journal
| last = Grammer
| first = George
| date = January 1933
| title = Rationalizing the Autodyne
| journal = [[QST]]
| volume = XVII
| issue = 1
| place = West Hartford, CN
| publisher = American Radio Relay, Inc.
| pages = 11
| quote = The 7000- and 14,000-kc. grid coils are wound with No. 18 enameled wire ...
| url = http://www.rfcafe.com/references/qst/rationalizing-autodyne-january-1933-qst.htm
| access-date = 2019-09-02
}}</ref>
and in some later documents.<ref>{{Cite journal
| last = Guentzler
| first= Ronald E.
| date = April 1967
| title = The "Monode" Noise Generator
| journal = [[QST]]
| volume = LI
| issue = 2
| place = West Hartford, CN
| publisher = American Radio Relay, Inc.
| pages = 30
| quote = The Monode described here is usable at frequencies below 144 Mc. with slight modification.
| url = http://www.rfcafe.com/references/qst/monode-noise-generator-april-1967-qst.htm
| access-date = 2019-09-02
}}</ref>  These have modern equivalents such as kilohertz (kHz), megahertz (MHz), and gigahertz (GHz). Following the introduction of the SI standard, use of these terms began to fall off in favor of the new unit, with hertz becoming the dominant convention in both academic and colloquial speech by the 1970s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kilocycle, Kilohertz, Megacycle, Megahertz|url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Kilocycle%2CKilohertz%2CMegacycle%2CMegahertz&case_insensitive=on&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t4%3B%2CKilocycle%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Bkilocycle%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BKilocycle%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BKILOCYCLE%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CKilohertz%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Bkilohertz%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BKilohertz%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BkiloHertz%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BKILOHERTZ%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CMegacycle%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Bmegacycle%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BMegacycle%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BMEGACYCLE%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CMegahertz%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Bmegahertz%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BMegahertz%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BmegaHertz%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BMegaHertz%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BMEGAHERTZ%3B%2Cc0|website=Google Ngram Viewer|date=2020-07-03}}</ref>
Cycle can also be a unit for measuring usage of [[Reciprocating motion|reciprocating]] machines, especially [[Machine press|presses]], in which cases ''cycle'' refers to one complete revolution of the mechanism being measured (i.e. the shaft of a [[reciprocating engine]]).
Derived units include '''cycles per day''' ('''cpd''') and '''cycles per year''' ('''cpy''').
== See also ==
[[File:Radiokrystaller.jpg|thumb|Crystal resonators, the 1940s-era center unit is marked in kc.]]
* [[Cycles per instruction]] (CPI)
* [[Cycles per metre]]
* [[Heinrich Hertz]]
* [[Instructions per cycle]] (IPC)
* [[Instructions per second]] (IPS)
* [[MKS system of units]] a predecessor of the SI set of units
* [[Normalized frequency (digital signal processing)|Normalized frequency]]
* [[Radian per second]]
* [[Revolutions per minute]] (RPM)
* [[Turn (angle)]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Units of frequency]]
[[da:Cycles-per-second]]