View source for DUT-5

[[File:DUT-5 PerspectiveView CrossSection.png|thumb|Crystal structure of DUT-5. Perspective view of the pore cross-section. Metal: green, oxygen: red, carbon: grey, hydrogen: not shown.]]
[[File:DUT-5 OrthographicView M-OH-chain.png|thumb|Crystal structure of DUT-5. [[Orthographic projection|Orthographic]] view of the M-OH chains, which are connected by biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate linker molecules. Metal: green, oxygen: red, carbon: grey, hydrogen: not shown.]]
'''DUT-5''' (DUT ⇒ ''[[TU Dresden|'''D'''resden '''U'''niversity of '''T'''echnology)]]'' is a material in the class of [[Metal–organic framework|metal-organic frameworks]] (MOFs). Metal-organic frameworks are [[Crystal|crystalline]] materials, in which metals are linked by [[Ligand|ligands]] (linker molecules) to form repeating three-dimensional structures known as [[Coordination complex|coordination]] entities. The DUT-5 framework is an expanded version of the [[MIL-53]] structure and consists of Al<sup>3+</sup> metal centers and biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate (BPDC) linker molecules.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Senkovska|first1=Irena|last2=Hoffmann|first2=Frank|last3=Fröba|first3=Michael|last4=Getzschmann|first4=Juergen|last5=Böhlmann|first5=Winfried|last6=Kaskel|first6=Stefan|date=June 2009|title=New highly porous aluminium based metal-organic frameworks: Al(OH)(ndc) (ndc=2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate) and Al(OH)(bpdc) (bpdc=4,4′-biphenyl dicarboxylate)|journal=Microporous and Mesoporous Materials|language=en|volume=122|issue=1–3|pages=93–98|doi=10.1016/j.micromeso.2009.02.020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Millange|first1=Franck|last2=Walton|first2=Richard I.|date=October 2018|title=MIL-53 and its Isoreticular Analogues: a Review of the Chemistry and Structure of a Prototypical Flexible Metal-Organic Framework|journal=Israel Journal of Chemistry|language=en|volume=58|issue=9–10|pages=1019–1035|doi=10.1002/ijch.201800084|s2cid=105480508 }}</ref> It consists of [[Inorganic compound|inorganic]] [M-OH] chains, which are connected by the biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate linkers to four neighboring inorganic chains. The resulting structure contains diamond-shaped [[Microporous material|micropores]] extending in one dimension.
== Structural analogs ==
The DUT-5 structure was initially synthesized with Al<sup>3+</sup> as metal center,<ref name=":0" /> but other [[isostructural]] materials, whose structures are comparable to DUT-5, have also been prepared with metals having [[Oxidation state|oxidation states]] of +II or +IV .
{| class="wikitable"
|+Overview of non-functionalized DUT-5 analogs
!Name
!Metal center and oxidation state
!Year of first report
!Citation
|-
|DUT-5(Al)
|Al<sup>3+</sup>
|2009
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|COMOC-2
|V<sup>3+</sup>/V<sup>4+</sup>, V<sup>4+</sup>
|2013
|<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Liu|first1=Ying-Ya|last2=Couck|first2=Sarah|last3=Vandichel|first3=Matthias|last4=Grzywa|first4=Maciej|last5=Leus|first5=Karen|last6=Biswas|first6=Shyam|last7=Volkmer|first7=Dirk|last8=Gascon|first8=Jorge|last9=Kapteijn|first9=Freek|last10=Denayer|first10=Joeri F. M.|last11=Waroquier|first11=Michel|date=2013-01-07|title=New V IV -Based Metal–Organic Framework Having Framework Flexibility and High CO 2 Adsorption Capacity|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|language=en|volume=52|issue=1|pages=113–120|doi=10.1021/ic301338a|pmid=23256823|issn=0020-1669}}</ref>
|-
|Mg(4S-PNO)(BPDC)
|Mg<sup>2+</sup>
|2018
|<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Kunicki|first1=Hannah|last2=Chamberlain|first2=Thomas W.|last3=Clarkson|first3=Guy J.|last4=Kashtiban|first4=Reza J.|last5=Hooper|first5=Joseph E.|last6=Dawson|first6=Daniel M.|last7=Ashbrook|first7=Sharon E.|last8=Walton|first8=Richard I.|date=2018|title=An expanded MIL-53-type coordination polymer with a reactive pendant ligand|url=http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C8CE00891D|journal=CrystEngComm|language=en|volume=20|issue=31|pages=4355–4358|doi=10.1039/C8CE00891D|issn=1466-8033|doi-access=free|hdl=10023/15542|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
|-
|Co(4S-PNO)(BPDC)
|Co<sup>2+</sup>
|2018
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|}
Due to the tool-box like design of metal-organic framework materials, other [[Organic chemistry|organic]] molecules, which are structurally similar to biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate, have also been used as linker molecules for the [[Chemical synthesis|synthesis]] of functionalized DUT-5 materials, which contain uncoordinated [[Functional group|functional groups]] in their framework structure. For the functionalized DUT-5 materials, the additional functional groups at the functional biphenyl-4,4'dicarboxylate linkers in the DUT-5 framework have been used for [[Metal–organic framework#Post-synthetic modification|post-synthetic modification]] reactions<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Yildiz|first1=Ceylan|last2=Kutonova|first2=Ksenia|last3=Oßwald|first3=Simon|last4=Titze‐Alonso|first4=Alba|last5=Bitzer|first5=Johannes|last6=Bräse|first6=Stefan|last7=Kleist|first7=Wolfgang|date=2020-02-20|title=Post‐synthetic Modification of DUT‐5‐based Metal Organic Frameworks for the Generation of Single‐site Catalysts and their Application in Selective Epoxidation Reactions|journal=ChemCatChem|language=en|volume=12|issue=4|pages=1134–1142|doi=10.1002/cctc.201901434|issn=1867-3880|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last1=Liu|first1=Ying-Ya|last2=Decadt|first2=Roel|last3=Bogaerts|first3=Thomas|last4=Hemelsoet|first4=Karen|last5=Kaczmarek|first5=Anna M.|last6=Poelman|first6=Dirk|last7=Waroquier|first7=Michel|last8=Van Speybroeck|first8=Veronique|last9=Van Deun|first9=Rik|last10=Van Der Voort|first10=Pascal|date=2013-05-30|title=Bipyridine-Based Nanosized Metal–Organic Framework with Tunable Luminescence by a Postmodification with Eu(III): An Experimental and Theoretical Study|journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry C|language=en|volume=117|issue=21|pages=11302–11310|doi=10.1021/jp402154q|issn=1932-7447}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last1=Bloch|first1=Eric D.|last2=Britt|first2=David|last3=Lee|first3=Chain|last4=Doonan|first4=Christian J.|last5=Uribe-Romo|first5=Fernando J.|last6=Furukawa|first6=Hiroyasu|last7=Long|first7=Jeffrey R.|last8=Yaghi|first8=Omar M.|date=2010-10-20|title=Metal Insertion in a Microporous Metal−Organic Framework Lined with 2,2′-Bipyridine|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|language=en|volume=132|issue=41|pages=14382–14384|doi=10.1021/ja106935d|pmid=20849109 |issn=0002-7863}}</ref> to further modify the framework structure after the initial synthesis or to alter the [[adsorption]] properties.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last1=Wang|first1=Guangbo|last2=Leus|first2=Karen|last3=Couck|first3=Sarah|last4=Tack|first4=Pieter|last5=Depauw|first5=Hannes|last6=Liu|first6=Ying-Ya|last7=Vincze|first7=Laszlo|last8=Denayer|first8=Joeri F. M.|last9=Van Der Voort|first9=Pascal|date=2016|title=Enhanced gas sorption and breathing properties of the new sulfone functionalized COMOC-2 metal organic framework|url=http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C6DT01355D|journal=Dalton Transactions|language=en|volume=45|issue=23|pages=9485–9491|doi=10.1039/C6DT01355D|pmid=27192612|issn=1477-9226}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+Overview of functionalized DUT-5 analogs
! rowspan="2" |Functional linker
! colspan="3" |Metal center
|-
!Al
!V
!Ga
|-
|[[File:2,2'-Bipyridine-5,5'-dicarboxylate.svg|250 px|2,2'-Bipyridine-5,5'-dicarboxylate]]
2,2'-Bipyridine-5,5'-dicarboxylate
|<ref name=":3" />
MOF-253
| -
|<ref name=":2" />
COMOC-4
|-
|[[File:4,4'-Bibenzoic acid-2,2'-sulfone.svg|250 px|4,4'-Bibenzoic acid-2,2'-sulfone]]
4,4'-Bibenzoic acid-2,2'-sulfone
|<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Couck|first1=Sarah|last2=Liu|first2=Ying-Ya|last3=Leus|first3=Karen|last4=Baron|first4=Gino V.|last5=Van der Voort|first5=Pascal|last6=Denayer|first6=Joeri F.M.|date=April 2015|title=Gas phase adsorption of alkanes, alkenes and aromatics on the sulfone-DUT-5 Metal Organic Framework|journal=Microporous and Mesoporous Materials|language=en|volume=206|pages=217–225|doi=10.1016/j.micromeso.2014.11.028}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last1=Halis|first1=Selda|last2=Reimer|first2=Nele|last3=Klinkebiel|first3=Arne|last4=Lüning|first4=Ulrich|last5=Stock|first5=Norbert|date=November 2015|title=Four new Al-based microporous metal-organic framework compounds with MIL-53-type structure containing functionalized extended linker molecules|journal=Microporous and Mesoporous Materials|language=en|volume=216|pages=13–19|doi=10.1016/j.micromeso.2015.01.030}}</ref>
|<ref name=":6" />
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|-
|[[File:2-amino-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate.svg|250 px|2-amino-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate]]
2-amino-[1,1']-biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate
|<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last1=Gotthardt|first1=Meike A.|last2=Grosjean|first2=Sylvain|last3=Brunner|first3=Tobias S.|last4=Kotzel|first4=Johannes|last5=Gänzler|first5=Andreas M.|last6=Wolf|first6=Silke|last7=Bräse|first7=Stefan|last8=Kleist|first8=Wolfgang|date=2015|title=Synthesis and post-synthetic modification of amine-, alkyne-, azide- and nitro-functionalized metal–organic frameworks based on DUT-5|url=http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C5DT02276B|journal=Dalton Transactions|language=en|volume=44|issue=38|pages=16802–16809|doi=10.1039/C5DT02276B|pmid=26336838|issn=1477-9226|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":4" />
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|-
|[[File:2-Ethynyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate.svg|250 px|2-Ethynyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate]]
2-ethynyl-[1,1']-biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate
|<ref name=":5" />
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|-
|[[File:2-azido-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate.svg|250 px|2-azido-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate]]
2-azido-[1,1']-biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate
|<ref name=":5" />
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|-
|[[File:2-nitro-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate.svg|250 px|2-nitro-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate]]
2-nitro-[1,1']-biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate
|<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" />
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|-
|[[File:2-iodo-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate.svg|250 px|2-iodo-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate]]
2-iodo-[1,1']-biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate
|<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Tahmouresilerd|first1=Babak|last2=Moody|first2=Michael|last3=Agogo|first3=Louis|last4=Cozzolino|first4=Anthony F.|date=2019|title=The impact of an isoreticular expansion strategy on the performance of iodine catalysts supported in multivariate zirconium and aluminum metal–organic frameworks|url=http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C9DT00368A|journal=Dalton Transactions|language=en|volume=48|issue=19|pages=6445–6454|doi=10.1039/C9DT00368A|pmid=31017171|s2cid=129944197 |issn=1477-9226}}</ref>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|}
== References ==
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{{reflist}}
{{Metal–organic frameworks}}
[[Category:Metal-organic frameworks]]