View source for Dargins

{{Short description|Northeast Caucasian ethnic group}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2009}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = Dargin <br />
| native_name      = {{langx|dar|Дарганти}} {{tlit|dar|Darganti}}
| native_name_lang =
| flag             = Даргинский флаг (неофициальный, одна из народных вариаций).jpg
| flag_caption     = Dargin flag
| image            = Аслан-кади Цудахарский.jpg
| image_caption    = A Dargin man, {{circa}} late 1800s
| pop              = '''700,000 (est.)'''
| region1          = {{flag|Russia}}
* {{flag|Dagestan}}: 521,381<ref name=rucensus />
| pop1             = 626,601
| ref1             = <ref name=rucensus />
| region2          = [[Levashinsky District]]
| pop2             = 70,704
| ref2             =
| region3          = [[Akushinsky District]]
| pop3             = 53,558
| ref3             =
| region4          = [[Dakhadayevsky District]]
| pop4             = 36,709
| ref4             =
| region5          = [[Kaytagsky District]]
| pop5             = 31,368
| ref5             =
| region6          = [[Sergokalinsky District]]
| pop6             = 27,133
| ref6             =
| region7          = {{flag|Ukraine}}
| pop7             = 1,610
| ref7             = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/nationality/ |title=About number and composition population of Ukraine by data All-Ukrainian census of the population 2001 |work=Ukraine Census 2001 |publisher=State Statistics Committee of Ukraine |access-date=17 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111217151026/http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/nationality/ |archive-date=17 December 2011 }}</ref>
| langs            = [[Dargin languages]]
| religions        = Majority: [[Sunni Islam]] Minority: [[Shia Islam]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://minorityrights.org/minorities/dargins/ | title=Dargins | date=19 June 2015 }}</ref>
*
| related          = [[Adyghe people|Adyghe]], [[Circassians]], [[Chechens]], [[Avars (Caucasus)|Avars]]
}}
[[File:Этническая карта Дагестана.jpg|thumb|Map of Dargins and subethnic groups]]
'''Dargins''' or '''Dargwa''' ({{Language with name|dar|Dargwa|дарганти}}, ''darganti'') are a [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] native ethnic group originating in the [[North Caucasus]], and who make up the second largest ethnic group in the North Caucasian republic of [[Dagestan]]. They speak the various [[Dargin languages]].
According to the 2021 Census, Dargins make up 16.6% of the population of Dagestan, with 521,381 people.<ref name=rucensus>{{cite web|url=https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Frosstat.gov.ru%2Fstorage%2Fmediabank%2FTom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK|title=Russian Census of 2021|access-date=2023-05-28|archive-date=2022-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231193148/https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Frosstat.gov.ru%2Fstorage%2Fmediabank%2FTom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK|url-status=live}} {{in lang|ru}}</ref> They are concentrated in the [[Kaytagsky District]], [[Dakhadayevsky District]], [[Levashinsky District]], [[Akushinsky District]] and [[Sergokalinsky District]]s.
The Dargins have lived in their present-day location for many centuries. They formed the state of Kaitag in the Middle Ages and Renaissance until Russian conquest. Today, the Dargins are one of the most numerous ethnic groups in [[Dagestan]] (an amalgamation of many of the historical peoples in the region), the second most numerous after [[Avars (Caucasus)|Avars]].
==Origin==
Regarding the origin of Northeast Caucasian peoples, two hypotheses were put forward — the autochthonous one (developed in the works of M.G. Abdushelishvili, V. P. Alekseev, etc.), arguing for an indigenous origin and the migration one (proposed by G. F. Debets), arguing for an exogenous origin.
== Genetics==
According to genetic studie in 2023, the following haplogroups are found to predominate among Dargins (Dargwa, Kaitaks, Kubachis) :<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Agdzhoyan |first1=Anastasia |last2=Iskandarov |first2=Nasib |last3=Ponomarev |first3=Georgy |last4=Pylev |first4=Vladimir |last5=Koshel |first5=Sergey |last6=Salaev |first6=Vugar |last7=Pocheshkhova |first7=Elvira |last8=Kagazezheva |first8=Zhaneta |last9=Balanovska |first9=Elena |date=2023-09-09 |title=Origins of East Caucasus Gene Pool: Contributions of Autochthonous Bronze Age Populations and Migrations from West Asia Estimated from Y-Chromosome Data |journal=Genes |volume=14 |issue=9 |pages=1780 |doi=10.3390/genes14091780 |doi-access=free |issn=2073-4425 |pmid=37761920|pmc=10530682 }}</ref>
* [[Haplogroup J-M267|J1]] (81%)
* [[Haplogroup R1a|R1a]] (11%)
* [[Haplogroup R1b|R1b]] (2%)
* [[Haplogroup G-M201|G2]],  [[Haplogroup T-M184|T]] (2%)
==Culture==
{{No sources section|date=August 2024}}
The infrastructure and architecture of the Dargin people was extremely well developed compared to their neighbors throughout history. The folk masters of this art displayed a very high level of achievement in building and ornamenting towers and fortresses, building the ensembles of buildings, mosques, bridges, and building irrigation constructions at springs and wells. The artistry of the Dargins is clearly shown in their decorative and applied art: in the creations of the Kubachi silversmiths; in the work of stonecutters, toolmakers, woodworkers, and ceramic and tile workers; in weaving, leatherwork, and furwork; and in spirited folk dance and vocal music. Dargins are known for their [[Kaitag textiles]], from [[Kaytagsky District]]. The spiritual and religious center of Dargin nation was [[Akusha|Akusha-Dargo]]. The head judicial court of all Dargins was also in Akusha. Other famous Dargin cities were [[Levashi, Republic of Dagestan|Levashi]], [[Mekegi]], [[Kubachi (urban-type settlement)|Kubachi]] and [[Kadar, Russia|Kadar]].
Prior to Russia's annexation of Dargi regions, Dargi medicine was a combination of folk and Eastern medicine. Folk healers (khakim) achieved considerable success in the treatment of wounds, bruises, broken bones, and dislocations and even in [[Trepanning|trephination]]; they were also skilled in [[phytotherapy]] and treatment of various internal diseases. The best-known healers were Murtuzali Haji of Butri, who studied medicine in Cairo for five years, worked with the Russian surgeon N. I. Pirogov, and was given a set of surgical instruments by him; Taimaz of Urakhi; Mohammed Haji of Khajalmakhi; Davud Haji of Akusha'; Alisultan Haji of Urkarakh; and others. Medical service was instituted only in 1894, with nine doctors and twelve nurses for all of Dagestan, a ratio of one medical practitioner to 60,000 persons. Now there is a paramedical station in every settled place, or a regional doctor, or a regional, district, or interdistrict hospital and a first-aid service with its own transport, including air transport.
== Religion ==
Dargins are mostly [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] Muslims of the [[Shafi‘i|Shafi'i]] school.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Османов М. О., Сергеева Г. А. и др. |url=https://old.bigenc.ru/ethnology/text/5633127 |title=ДАРГИНЦЫ |publisher=Большая российская энциклопедия. Электронная версия |year=2020}}</ref> however a significant minority adhere to Shi’a Islam.{{Cn|date=August 2024}}
==Notable Dargins==
*{{ill|Taimas Gubdensky|ru|Таймас_Губденский}}, Dargin warrior from the Caucasian War.
*{{ill|Abakar-Hadji Akushinsky|ru|Абакар-Хаджи_Акушинский}}, Dargin warrior from the Caucasian War.
*[[Gasan Umalatov]], mixed martial artist, 2008 World champion in Kick Jitsu, two-time World champion in Universal Combat (2010 & 2011) and three-time world champion in Hand-to-Hand combat.
*[[Hasbulla]], internet personality
*[[Magomedali Magomedov|Magomed-Ali Magomedov]], ex-president of Dagestan.
*[[Magomedsalam Magomedov]], ex-president of Dagestan.
*[[Magomed-Shapi Suleymanov]], footballer.
*[[Shahbulat Shamhalaev]], retired mixed martial artist and kickboxer.
*[[Magomedrasul Majidov|Magomedrasul Medzhidov]], olympic and professional boxer.
*[[Ali Isaev]], mixed martial artist and former amateur wrestler.
*Islam Umalatov, mixed martial artist and two-time World champion in grappling.
*[[Magomed Umalatov]], mixed martial artist fighting in [[Professional Fighters League|PFL]] and former [[Eagle Fighting Championship|GFC]] welterweight champion.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sovsport.ru/mma/articles/rossijskaya-bitva-v-chikago-darginecz-odolel-sibiryaka-i-ostalsya-nepobedimym |title=Российская битва в Чикаго. Даргинец одолел сибиряка и остался непобедимым|author=Ovsyannikov, Vitaly|date=2019-09-02 |access-date=2024-05-24|website=Советский спорт |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.myseldon.com/ru/news/index/215634115 |title=Астраханцы стали чемпионами по смешанным единоборствам|author=Ovsyannikov, Vitaly|date=2019-09-02 |access-date=2024-05-29|website=myseldon.com |language=ru}}</ref>
*[[Gadzhi Rabadanov]], mixed martial artist, current fighting in the [[Lightweight (MMA)|Lightweight]] division of [[Bellator MMA|Bellator MMA.]]
*[[Timur Khizriev]], mixed martial artist, current fighting in the [[Featherweight (MMA)|Featherweight]] division of the [[Professional Fighters League]] (PFL).
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{European Muslims}}
{{Peoples of the Caucasus}}
{{Ethnic groups of Russia}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dargin People}}
[[Category:Dargwa people]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of Russia]]
[[Category:Peoples of the Caucasus]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of the Caucasus]]