View source for Deep Note

{{short description|THX's audio logo, a distinctive synthesized crescendo sound}}
{{redirect|THX sound|the sound certification|THX}}
{{redirect|The audience is listening|the album and song by Cut Chemist|The Audience's Listening}}
[[File:THX Deep Note.mp3|thumb|The THX Deep Note]]
[[file:Deep Note Internet Archive.png|thumb|Waveform of the Deep Note]]
The '''Deep Note''' is the [[sound trademark]] of [[THX]], being a distinctive [[audio synthesis|synthesized]] [[crescendo]] that [[glissando]]s from a relatively narrow frequency spread (about 200–400&nbsp;Hz) to a broader frequency spread (of about three octaves). It was created by [[James A. Moorer]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jamminpower.com/|title=James A. Moorer Personal Website|accessdate=December 3, 2006}}</ref> a former employee of [[Lucasfilm]]'s Computer Division (later known as [[Pixar|Pixar Animation Studios]]) in late 1982.<ref name="AboutTHX">{{cite web|title=THX Deep Note|url=https://www.thx.com/deepnote/|publisher=[[THX]]|accessdate=July 13, 2023|quote=THX Deep Note was composed by Lucasfilm sound engineer Dr. James 'Andy' Moorer and was screened at the start of the 1983 premiere of Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi.}}</ref> The sound is used on [[trailer (movie)|trailer]]s for THX-certified [[movie theater]]s, [[home video]] releases, [[video games]], and [[in-car entertainment]] systems.
The Deep Note was partially previewed on the opening track of the 1983 album ''The Digital Domain: A Demonstration,'' where it was included among sound effects that were combined with the Deep Note itself. The Deep Note debuted later that same year at the premiere of ''[[Return of the Jedi]]'' in LA.<ref name="AboutTHX"/>
== Description ==
The U.S. trademark registration for the first version of the sound contains this description of it:<ref name="uspto-thxdeepnote">{{cite web|url=http://tarr.uspto.gov/servlet/tarr?regser=serial&entry=74309951|title=Trademark Applications and Registrations Retrieval (TARR)|accessdate=December 3, 2006|publisher=[[United States Patent and Trademark Office]]}}</ref>
{{quotation|The THX logo theme consists of 30 [[Part (music)|voices]] over seven [[Bar (music)|measure]]s, starting in a narrow range, 200 to 400 [[hertz|Hz]], and slowly diverging to preselected pitches encompassing three [[octave]]s. The 30 voices begin at pitches between 200 Hz and 400 Hz and arrive at pre-selected pitches spanning three octaves by the fourth measure. The highest pitch is slightly [[Musical tuning|detuned]] while there is double the number of voices of the lowest two pitches.}}
[[file:THX-DeepNote-Spectogram.png|thumb|Spectrogram made using Spek]]
In 1992, the Deep Note was registered as a trademark by the [[United States Patent and Trademark Office]].<ref name="uspto-thxdeepnote"/>
The sound is perceived as louder than it actually is; sound designer and re-recording mixer [[Gary Rydstrom]] explains that, "from a technical standpoint, 'Deep Note' just feels loud because it has a spectrum of frequencies that grows from small to large."<ref name="AboutTHX"/>
Although Moorer had initially claimed that the score consisted of about 20,000 [[Source lines of code|lines of code]],<ref name="moorer">{{cite web|url=http://musicthing.blogspot.com/2005/05/tiny-music-makers-pt-3-thx-sound.html|title=TINY MUSIC MAKERS: Pt 3: The THX Sound|accessdate=December 3, 2006|last=Whitwell|first=Tom|date=May 25, 2005|work=Music Thing}}</ref> he subsequently corrected the statement and elaborated:<ref name="cdm">{{cite web|url=http://createdigitalmusic.com/2015/04/thx-deep-note-creator-remade-iconic-sound/|title=Q+A: How the THX Deep Note Creator Remade His Iconic Sound|accessdate=April 10, 2015|last=Kirn|first=Peter|date=April 8, 2015|work=Create Digital Music}}</ref>
{{quotation|The original 30-year-old [[C (programming language)|C]] program is 355 lines, and the "patch" file for the synthesizer was 300 more lines. I guess it just felt like 20,000 lines when I did it.
Given that it was written and [[debugged]] in 4 days, I can't claim the programming chops to make 20,000 lines of working code that quickly. But, to synthesize it in real-time, in 1983, took 2 years to design and build a [[19-inch rack]] full of digital hardware and 200,000 lines of system code to run the synthesizer. All that was already done, so I was building on a large foundation of audio processing horsepower, both hardware and software. Consequently, a mere 355 lines of C code and 300 lines of audio patching set-up for the 30 voices was enough to invoke the audio horsepower to make the piece.}}
=== Millennium version (2000) ===
In fall 1999,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.demo-world.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/the-thx-ultimate-demo-disc-57.jpg |title= THX Broadway 2000 trailer information from the THX Ultimate Demo Disc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503225628im_/http://www.demo-world.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/the-thx-ultimate-demo-disc-57.jpg |archive-date=3 May 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> THX released the trailer ''Broadway 2000'' for use of the [[Dolby Digital|Dolby Digital Surround EX]] sound system. As a result, an entirely new Deep Note was made from scratch. In this version of the Deep Note, new voices were made using a similar process while voices from the previous version can be briefly heard. Aside from the trailer's appearance in theaters as well as on ''The Adventures of Indiana Jones'' DVD box set, the only other trailer that also uses this version of the Deep Note was a trailer made specially for the post-2000 home media releases of ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]''.
=== Remastered version (2005–present) ===
In May 2005, to coincide with the theatrical release of ''[[Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith]]'', THX introduced a new trailer called ''The Science of Sensation'', which featured a new version of the Deep Note, which is similar to the original, but voices from the ''Broadway 2000'' trailer were mixed together.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinenow.fr/articles/2141-thx-nouveau-trailer-science|title=THX : nouveau trailer Science - CineNow}}</ref>
=== Regenerated version (2015) ===
In April 2015, THX introduced a new trailer called ''Eclipse'', which was accompanied by an updated, "Dolbyized" and more powerful version of the Deep Note, also created by Moorer.<ref>{{cite press release|title=THX Releases Rejuvenated Versions of Iconic 'THX Deep Note' Sound with New 'Eclipse' Trailer|url=http://www.thx.com/blog/thx-releases-rejuvenated-deep-note-with-eclipse-trailer/|publisher=THX Ltd.|date=April 3, 2015|accessdate=January 4, 2018}}</ref> This version of the Deep Note was created entirely digitally so it could play on Dolby Surround 7.1, Dolby Atmos, and DTS:X systems, and Moorer created 30-second, 45-second, and 60-second versions of it.<ref name="verge042015">{{cite news|last=Welch|first=Chris|title=THX just remade the iconic 'Deep Note' sound you hear before mov ies|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/4/4/8340811/thx-deep-note-sound-you-hear-before-movies-remake|website=The Verge|publisher=[[Vox Media, Inc.]]|date=April 15, 2015|accessdate=March 10, 2016|quote=Moorer composed 30-, 45-, and 60-second versions of the new Deep Note, but for now THX is only sharing the shortest cut as part of its new 'Eclipse' trailer,…}}</ref> Moorer used around eighty voices in the remake, as opposed to thirty in the original 1983 version. He stated in an interview, "That's the way I wanted it to sound originally. I think it's as far as you can take it."<ref>{{cite news|last=Walker|first=Rob|title=The 'Star Wars'-Inspired History of the Iconic THX Audio Logo|url=https://www.yahoo.com/tech/the-star-wars-inspired-history-of-the-iconic-thx-115130823374.html|publisher=[[Yahoo! Finance]]|date=April 2, 2015|accessdate=January 4, 2018}}</ref> ''Eclipse'' would be the only appearance of the regenerated version as starting with trailers ''Sphere'' and ''Genesis'' (both made to utilize the [[4K resolution|4K video resolution]]), the remastered Deep Note was used instead.
=== Previous works ===
Prior to the creation of the Deep Note, several other works made use of similar techniques of frequency spread. A recognized predecessor is a section in [[the Beatles]]' 1967 song "[[A Day in the Life]]", using a full orchestra. Unlike in the Deep Note, the resolving high chord is never held, but instead brought to a stop. Moorer has admitted that both "A Day in the Life" and a [[fugue]] in [[B minor]] by [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach]] were sources of inspiration for the Deep Note.<ref>{{cite news|last=Murphy|first=Mekado|title=As THX Gets a New Trailer, an Interview With Its Composer|url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/04/17/as-thx-gets-a-new-trailer-an-interview-with-its-composer/?_r=0|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 17, 2015|accessdate=January 4, 2018}}</ref>
In their book ''Analog Days'', [[Trevor Pinch]] and Frank Trocco say that the track "Spaced", from the 1970 [[Beaver & Krause]] album ''In a Wild Sanctuary'',<ref>{{Citation|title=Spaced_InAWildSanctuary.mov|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xKO3KAtDZ0 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/2xKO3KAtDZ0 |archive-date=2021-12-13 |url-status=live|language=en|access-date=2021-09-05}}{{cbignore}}</ref> was "copied by a famous [[Marin County]] film company" to introduce its film presentations, although they do not identify the company. The authors quote synthesizer builder [[Tom Oberheim]] as saying that the original analog form is much richer than the "digital perfection" evident in the sound logo so familiar to cinema-goers.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Trevor|last1=Pinch|first2=Frank|last2=Trocco|title=Analog Days: The Invention and Impact of the Moog Synthesizer|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge, MA|year=2002|isbn=0-674-01617-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/analogdaysinvent00trev/page/128 128]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/analogdaysinvent00trev/page/128}}</ref>
=== Original score ===
[[file:THXDeepNoteScore35thAnniversary.jpg|thumb|Score for 'Deep Note']]
In 2018, THX released a picture of the original 30-voice score, with notes.<ref>{{cite web|title=In 35 yrs we have NEVER shown this!|website=[[Facebook]]|url=https://www.facebook.com/thxltd/posts/10155235578381930 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/181603076929/10155235578381930 |archive-date=2022-02-26 |url-access=limited|date=May 25, 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
== Lawsuit ==
[[Lucasfilm]], then-owner of THX, sued rapper [[Dr. Dre]] in 2000 for using an unauthorized [[cover version|cover]] of Deep Note in the opening track "Lolo (Intro)" on his 1999 album ''[[2001 (Dr. Dre album)|2001]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5922699/lucasfilm_taking_dr_dre_to_court |title=LucasFilm ''(sic)'' Taking Dr. Dre to Court |accessdate=December 3, 2006 |last=Dansby |first=Andrew |date=April 21, 2000 |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090804072949/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5922699/lucasfilm_taking_dr_dre_to_court |archivedate=August 4, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2000/apr/21/news4 |title=Lucasfilm sues rapper over sound clip|website=The Guardian|date=April 21, 2000|accessdate=March 18, 2023}}</ref>
== In popular culture ==
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In a 1994 episode of ''[[The Simpsons]]'' titled "[[Burns' Heir]]", there is a parody gag of the Deep Note, with the [[Simpson family]] in the theater watching ''Siskel & Ebert: The Movie''. The Deep Note causes multiple things in the theater to explode seemingly from [[acoustic resonance]], and ends with [[Abraham Simpson]] yelling "Turn it up!" THX executives liked the parody so much that the scene was later remade into an actual THX movie trailer, with the scene being redone in a [[widescreen]] aspect ratio by [[Film Roman]].<ref name="Mirkin">Mirkin, David. (2004). Commentary for "Burns' Heir", in ''The Simpsons: The Complete Fifth Season'' [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.</ref>
"Dumbest Girl Alive", the opening track on the album ''[[10,000 Gecs]]'', by [[hyperpop]] duo [[100 gecs]], begins with a sample of the THX Deep Note.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.holo.mg/stream/100-gecs-deep-note-switched-on-pop/ | website = holo.mg |title=Experimental Popsters 100 Gecs Endorse THX Deep Noise as Ultimate 'PC Music' |last=Smith |first=Greg J. |date=March 21, 2023 |access-date=June 18, 2023 |quote= "Wanna talk about 'PC Music?' It's one cello sample and a computer, baby." - 100 gecs' Dylan Brady and Laura Les, enthusing about the origins of the THX deep note, the characterful chord that sounds before many motion pictures. Gushing about getting clearance to use it to kick off their new album, Les describes the soundmark as "beautiful and terrifying."}}</ref>
[[Jacob Collier]] recreated the THX Deep Note in "100,000 Voices",  the opening track to his 2024 album ''[[Djesse Vol. 4]]''.  He discussed his inspiration and method of recreating the sound with an audience choir in the March 4th 2024 '[https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/switched-on-pop/id934552872 Switched On Pop]' podcast.
== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}
== External links ==
* [https://uspto.gov/sites/default/files/74309951.mp3 Deep Note] mp3 at the United States Patent and Trademark Office
* ''[[Twenty Thousand Hertz]]'' podcast episodes about Deep Note: [https://20k.org/episodes/thxdeepnote Part 1] and [https://20k.org/episodes/thxdeepnote2 Part 2]
[[Category:Electronic music]]
[[Category:Film sound production]]
[[Category:Lucasfilm]]
[[Category:Sound effects]]
[[Category:Sound trademarks]]
[[Category:1982 works]]
[[Category:1983 introductions]]