View source for Demographics of Greece

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox place demographics
| place            = the [[Greece|Hellenic Republic]]
|image              = Population_Pyramid_of_the_Hellenic_Republic_2023.png
|image_size              =350
|caption            = Greece [[population pyramid]] in 2023
|size_of_population = {{decrease}}10,413,982 (2023)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/95fb30f3-d0be-e606-a0c0-f66353fd5ec4|title=Στοιχεία Υπολογιζόμενου Πληθυσμού (1.1.2023) και Μεταναστευτικών Ροών της Χώρας (2022) - ELSTAT|website=www.statistics.gr}}</ref>
|growth             = -1.01 people/1,000 population (2010 est.)
|birth              = 7.9 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)
|death              = 12.3 deaths/1,000 population (July 2020 est.)
|life               = 82.2 years
|life_male          = 79.8 years
|life_female        = 84.7 years
|fertility          = 1.35 children born/woman (2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.statistics.gr/en/statistics/-/publication/DKT75/2018 |title=Hellenic Statistical Authority ''Demographic indicators / 2018'' |access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref>
|infant_mortality   = 3.75 deaths per 1,000 live births (2019 est)
|age_0-14_years     = 14.1%
|age_15-64_years    = 63.3%
|age_65_years       = 22.6%
|sr_total_mf_ratio  = 0.96 male(s)/female (2008 est.)
|sr_at_birth        = 1.06 male(s)/female (2008 est.)
|sr_under_15        = 1.06 male(s)/female
|sr_15-64_years     = 1.00 male(s)/female
|sr_65_years_over   = 0.78 male(s)/female
|nation             = ''noun'': Greek(s) ''adjective'': Greek
|major_ethnic       = [[Greeks]]
}}
The '''Demographics of Greece''' refer to the [[demography]] of the population that inhabits the Greek peninsula. The population of [[Greece]] was estimated by the United Nations to be {{UN_Population|Greece}} in {{UN_Population|Year}} (including displaced [[refugees]]).
==Historical overview==
[[Greece]] was inhabited as early as the [[Paleolithic]] period. The [[Greek language]] ultimately dominated the peninsula and Greece's mosaic of small city-states became culturally similar. The population estimates on the Greeks during the 4th century BC, is approximately 3.5&nbsp;million on the Greek peninsula and 4 to 6.5&nbsp;million in the rest of the entire [[Mediterranean Basin]],<ref>[[Mogens Herman Hansen]], ''The Shotgun Method: The Demography of the Ancient Greek City-State Culture'', [[University of Missouri Press]], 2006. [http://www.historycooperative.org/cgi-bin/justtop.cgi?act=justtop&url=http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/ahr/112.4/br_126.html Book review]{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> including all colonies such as those in [[Magna Graecia]], [[Anatolia|Asia Minor]] and the shores of the [[Black Sea]].
During the history of the [[Byzantine Empire]], the Greek peninsula was occasionally invaded by the foreign peoples like [[Goths]], [[Avars (Carpathians)|Avars]], [[Slavic peoples|Slavs]], [[Normans]], [[Franks]] and other [[Romance languages|Romance]]-speaking peoples who had betrayed the [[Crusades]]. The only group, however, that planned to establish permanent settlements in the region were the Slavs. They settled in isolated valleys of the [[Peloponnese]] and [[Thessaly]], establishing segregated communities that were referred by the Byzantines as [[Sclaveni (military)|Sclaveni]]. Traces of Slavic culture in Greece are very rare and by the 9th century, the Sclaveni in Greece were largely assimilated. However, some Slavic communities managed to survive in rural [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]]. At the same time a large [[Sephardi Jews|Sephardi Jewish]] emigrant community from the [[Iberian Peninsula]] established itself in [[Thessaloniki]], while there were population movements of [[Arvanites]] and "[[Vlachs]]" ([[Aromanians]] and [[Megleno-Romanians]]), who established communities in several parts of the Greek peninsula. The Byzantine Empire ultimately fell to [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Turks]] in the 15th century and as a result Ottoman colonies were established in the [[Balkans]], notably in Macedonia, the Peloponnese and [[Crete]]. Many Greeks either fled to other European nations or to geographically isolated areas (i.e. mountains and heavily forested territories) to escape foreign rule. For those reasons, the population decreased in the plains, while increasing on the mountains. The [[population transfer]]s with [[Bulgaria]] and [[Turkey]] that took place in the early 20th century, added in total some two million Greeks to the demography of the [[Kingdom of Greece (Glücksburg)|Greek Kingdom]].
During the next decades, the population of Greece continued to increase, except during a large part of 1940s due to World War II and subsequent events. After 1940s the population of Greece continued to grow, though on a decreased pace after 1960s, due to a gradual decrease in fertility and emigration to various countries, such as [[West Germany]], Australia, United Kingdom and many others. The birth rate decreased significantly in 1980s, while in 1987 the Greek population surpassed 10 million. At this time Greece had started to appear a positive migration rate, due to the return of Greek Civil War refugees and international immigration. During the nineties the population increased by close a million, as the collapse of the communist governments in Eastern Europe and the economic downturn resulted in a significant influx of Eastern European immigrants in Greece and especially from the Balkans, including many Greeks living in these countries. In 2000s the population continued to increase reaching 11&nbsp;million, thanks to an increased birth rate, a stable influx of migrants from other countries and the return of Greeks from United States, Germany, Australia and other countries. In the 2010s, in the wake of the [[Greek financial crisis]], the population started to decrease and birthrates plummeted, while death rates increased due to an aging population. Many Greeks emigrated abroad, while more recently the population decrease has been largely stabilized due to foreign immigration.
==Population==
{{Main|Demographic history of Greece}}
{{See also|List of cities in Greece}}
[[File:Population of Greece since 1961.svg|thumb|Population of Greece since 1961.]]
{{Historical populations
|type =
| percentages = pagr
|footnote = Source: [[Hellenic Statistical Authority]]
|1928 | 6204684
|1940 | 7344860
|1951 | 7632801
|1961 | 8398050
|1971 | 8831036
|1981 | 9729350
|1991 | 10258364
|2001 | 10934097
|2011 | 10816286
|2021 | 10482487
}}
{{GraphChart
| width = 600
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=year
| yAxisTitle= million
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| legend=
| type = line
| x = 1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022
| y1= 5, 5.1, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.3, 7.3, 7.3, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.5, 7.5, 7.6, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8, 8, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.3, 8.4, 8.4, 8.5, 8.5, 8.6, 8.6, 8.7, 8.7, 8.8, 8.8, 8.8, 8.9, 8.9, 9, 9, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.8, 9.9, 9.9,10, 10, 10, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6, 10.6, 10.7, 10.8, 10.8, 10.9, 10.9, 10.9, 10.9, 10.9, 11,11, 11, 11, 11.1, 11.1, 11.1,11.1,11, 11, 10.9, 10.8, 10.8, 10.8, 10.7, 10.7, 10.7, 10.6, 10.6
| y1Title= population (million)
}}
{{GraphChart
| width = 600
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=years
| yAxisTitle= ‰
| yAxisMax= 20
| yAxisMin= -20
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| legend=
| hAnnotatonsLine=0
| hAnnotatonsLabel=
| type = line
| x = 1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022
| y1= 7.5,3.5,2.0,3.9,11.4,16.1,12.5,13.5,10.5,15.0,13.1,10.4,11.8,16.1,13.3,12.7,11.1,12.7,10.9,11.7,1.2,-7.9,1.5,4.8,13.4,18.3,18.1,15.2,10.6,12.9,12.8,12.4,11.1,12.2,12.5,12.0,11.6,11.9,12.0,11.6,10.3,10.1,9.6,9.8,9.8,10.1,10.4,10.0,9.4,8.1,7.6,7.2,6.7,7.6,6.9,7.1,6.4,6.9,6.9,6.3,5.6,5.2,4.3,3.8,2.4,2.1,1.1,1.5,0.8,0.8,0.7,0.6,0.4,0.6,0.1,-0.0,0.2,-0.2,-0.3,-0.1,0.0,0.0,-0.1,0.1,0.2,0.6,0.2,0.9,0.9,0.5,-0.4,-1.5,-1.6,-2.0,-2.7,-2.4,-3.3,-3.2, -3.8, -4.3, -5.3, -6.4
| y2= , 3.7, 14,9.9, -5.6, -18.4,-2.2, 1.4, -0.1, 1.5, -2.3, 1.7, 2, 0.4, -0.9, 2.8, 1.5, 2.1, 0.3, 3, 1.5, 5.7, 5.2, -11.1, -2, -12, -2.1, -6.1, -17.9, -13.3, -3.1, -0.8, -1.2, -0.4, -2.6, -3.3, -4.2, -3.6, -2.5, -1.7, -2.5, -2.7, -4.2, -5.8, -6.3, -5, -2.8, -2.2, -3.7, -5.7, -5.8, -3.3, -0.7, -2.2, -3.9, 2.5, 6, 4.5, 6.5, 7.7, 5, 3.2, 1, 1.5, 1.2, 1.5, 1.2, 2.3, 2.1, 4.4, 6.2, 8.7, 10.3, 8.8, 7.7, 7.6, 7, 6, 5.5, 4.7, 3.4, -5.1, 3.7, 2.5, 2.4, 2.7, 2.4, 2.4, 1.7, 1.8, 0.8, -1.1, -4, -5.7, -4.7, -3.9, -1.8, 1.4, 1.1, 2.8, 0.3, 1.3
| y1Title=Natural change (per 1000)
| y2Title=Crude migration change (per 1000)
}}
<ref>Note: Crude migration change (per 1000) is a trend analysis, an extrapolation based average population change (current year minus previous) minus natural change of the current year (see table vital statistics). As average population is an estimate of the population in the middle of the year and not end of the year.</ref>
{{GraphChart
| width = 600
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=years
| yAxisTitle= TFR
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| legend=
| hAnnotatonsLine=2.1
| hAnnotatonsLabel=
| type = line
| x = 1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022
| y1= 2.84,2.88,2.55,2.61,3.52,4.02,3.86,4.09,3.87,4.19,3.83,3.8,3.84,4.16,3.77,3.68,3.51,3.47,3.32,3.29,3.19,3.08,2.98,2.88,2.78,2.68,2.58,2.48,2.37,2.47,2.47,2.48,2.49,2.48,2.47,2.44,2.42,2.38,2.36,2.33,2.32,2.32,2.34,2.37,2.41,2.46,2.51,2.54,2.56,2.57,2.57,2.55,2.54,2.52,2.33,2.35,2.28,2.29,2.26,2.23,2.10,2.03,1.94,1.82,1.68,1.60,1.50,1.50,1.40,1.39,1.37,1.36,1.32,1.33,1.28,1.26,1.27,1.24,1.23,1.25,1.25,1.28,1.29,1.31,1.34,1.40,1.41,1.50,1.50,1.48,1.40,1.34,1.29,1.30,1.33, 1.38, 1.35, 1.35, 1.32, 1.37, 1.38, 1.33
| y1Title=Total Fertility Rate
}}
According to the 2001 census the population of Greece was 10,964,020. [[Eurostat]] estimations as of January 2008 gave the number of 11,214,992 inhabitants in the Greek peninsula. According to the official 2011 census, which used sophisticated methodology, the population of Greece was 10,816,286.
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" style="width:15%; border-collapse:collapse; border-color:#f2f2f4; margin-top:5px; margin-bottom:5px; font-size:95%; text-align:center;"
|- style="background:#f2f2f4;"
| '''Census'''
| '''Population'''
| '''Change'''
|-
| '''1971'''
|align="right"| 8,768,372
|align="right"| –
|-
| '''1981'''
|align="right"| 9,739,589
|align="right"| 11.1%
|-
| '''1991'''
|align="right"| 10,259,900
|align="right"| 5.3%
|-
| '''2001'''
|align="right"| 10,964,020
|align="right"| 6.9%
|-
| '''2011'''
|align="right"| 10,816,286
|align="right"| -0.88%
|-
|'''2021'''
|10,482,487
| -3.1%
|}
===By region===
[[File:Population density of Greece regions.png|thumb|[[Population density]] map of Greek regions]]
Greece is divided into nine geographic [[Geographic regions of Greece|regions]]. The population of each region according to the 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001, [[2011 Greek census|2011]] and [[2021 Greek census|2021]] censuses is represented in the table below, comparing the change in population over a 50-year period. The latest population estimates by the [[Hellenic Statistical Authority]] are also included.
<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistics - ELSTAT |url=https://www.statistics.gr/en/statistics/-/publication/SAM03/ |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=www.statistics.gr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Μόνιμος Πληθυσμός (προσωρινά στοιχεία) - ELSTAT |url=https://www.statistics.gr/en/2021-census-res-pop-results |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=www.statistics.gr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Census of Population and Housing 2021 |url=https://www.census2021.cystat.gov.cy/en/default |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=www.census2021.cystat.gov.cy}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! [[Geographic regions of Greece|Region]]
!Population (1971)
!Population (1981)
!Population (1991)
! Population (2001)
!Population (2011)
!Population (2021)
!Population (2023) <ref>{{Cite web|title=|url=https://www.statistics.gr/en/statistics?p_p_id=documents_WAR_publicationsportlet_INSTANCE_qDQ8fBKKo4lN&p_p_lifecycle=2&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_cacheability=cacheLevelPage&p_p_col_id=column-2&p_p_col_count=4&p_p_col_pos=1&_documents_WAR_publicationsportlet_INSTANCE_qDQ8fBKKo4lN_javax.faces.resource=document&_documents_WAR_publicationsportlet_INSTANCE_qDQ8fBKKo4lN_ln=downloadResources&_documents_WAR_publicationsportlet_INSTANCE_qDQ8fBKKo4lN_documentID=515025&_documents_WAR_publicationsportlet_INSTANCE_qDQ8fBKKo4lN_locale=en}}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| [[Aegean Islands]]
| align="right" |417,813 {{decrease}}
| align="right" |428,030 {{increase}}
| align="right" |456,555 {{increase}}
| align="right" | 508,807 {{increase}}
| align="right"|508,246 {{decrease}}
| align="right" |522,763 {{increase}}
| align="right" |522,454 {{decrease}}
|-
| [[Central Greece (geographic region)|Central Greece]]
| align="right" |3,532,248 {{increase}}
| align="right" |4,125,463 {{increase}}
| align="right" |4,366,900 {{increase}}
| align="right" | 4,591,568 {{increase}}
| align="right"|4,586,626 {{decrease}}
| align="right" |4,514,663 {{decrease}}
| align="right" |4,484,296 {{decrease}}
|-
| [[Crete]]
| align="right" |456,642 {{decrease}}
| align="right" |501.909 {{increase}}
| align="right" |536,433 {{increase}}
| align="right" | 601,131 {{increase}}
| align="right"|623,065 {{increase}}
| align="right" |624,408 {{increase}}
| align="right" |622,909 {{decrease}}
|-
| [[Epirus (region)|Epirus]]
| align="right" |310,334 {{decrease}}
| align="right" |323.871 {{increase}}
| align="right" |327,176 {{increase}}
| align="right" | 353,822 {{increase}}
| align="right"|336,856 {{decrease}}
| align="right" |319,991 {{decrease}}
| align="right" |318,890 {{decrease}}
|-
| [[Ionian Islands]]
| align="right" |184,443 {{decrease}}
| align="right" |182.327 {{decrease}}
| align="right" |189,338 {{increase}}
| align="right" | 212,984 {{increase}}
| align="right"|207,855 {{decrease}}
| align="right" |204,532 {{decrease}}
| align="right" |202,185 {{decrease}}
|-
| [[Macedonia (Greece)|Macedonia]]
| align="right" |1,890,684 {{increase}}
| align="right" |2,116,361 {{increase}}
| align="right" |2,225,690 {{increase}}
| align="right" | 2,424,765 {{increase}}
| align="right"|2,402,771 {{decrease}}
| align="right" |2,266,206 {{decrease}}
| align="right" |2,246,712 {{decrease}}
|-
| [[Peloponnese]]
| align="right" |986,912 {{decrease}}
| align="right" |1,014,485 {{increase}}
| align="right" |1,045,020 {{increase}}
| align="right" | 1,155,019 {{increase}}
| align="right"|1,046,897 {{decrease}}
| align="right" |995,410 {{decrease}}
| align="right" |988,246 {{decrease}}
|-
| [[Thessaly]]
| align="right" |659,913 {{decrease}}
| align="right" |695,724 {{increase}}
| align="right" |729,268 {{increase}}
| align="right" | 753,888 {{increase}}
| align="right"|732,762 {{decrease}}
| align="right" |688,255 {{decrease}}
| align="right" |682,189 {{decrease}}
|-
| [[Western Thrace|Thrace]]
| align="right" |329,582 {{decrease}}
| align="right" |341,180 {{increase}}
| align="right" |340,755 {{decrease}}
| align="right" | 362,038 {{increase}}
| align="right"|371,208 {{increase}}
| align="right" |346,259 {{decrease}}
| align="right" |346,101 {{decrease}}
|- class="sortbottom"
! Total
!8,768,372 {{increase}}
!9,729,350 {{increase}}
!10,223,392 {{increase}}
!10,964,020 {{increase}}
!10,816,286 {{decrease}}
!10,482,487 {{decrease}}
!10,413,982 {{decrease}}
|}
{{increase}}/{{decrease}} = change since previous census
===Fertility rate===
[[File:Greece total fertility rate by region 2014.png|thumb|Greece total fertility rate by region (2014)
{| style="width:100%;"
|-
|
{{legend|#ffff7f|1.7 – 2.0}}
{{legend|#ffbf3f|1.5 – 1.7}}
{{legend|#ff7f7e|1.3 – 1.5}}
{{legend|#ff3e3e|< 1.3}}
|}
]]The [[total fertility rate]] is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources: [[Our World In Data]] and [[Gapminder Foundation]].<ref name="ourworldindata.org">{{citation|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/children-born-per-woman?year=1800&country=GRC|title=Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries|first=Max|last=Roser|date=2014|work=[[Our World in Data]], [[Gapminder Foundation]]}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right"
|-
! Years !! 1850!!1851!!1852!!1853!!1854!!1855!!1856!!1857!!1858!!1859!!1860<ref name="ourworldindata.org"/>
|-
| align="left"|Total fertility rate in Greece||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.81 ||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.59||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.36||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.14||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.92||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.7||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.47||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.25||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.81
|}
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right"
|-
! Years !! 1861!!1862!!1863!!1864!!1865!!1866!!1867!!1868!!1869!!1870<ref name="ourworldindata.org"/>
|-
| align="left"|Total fertility rate in Greece||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.95|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.87 ||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.78||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.94||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.73||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.83||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.85||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.86||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.77
|}
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right"
|-
! Years !! 1871!!1872!!1873!!1874!!1875!!1876!!1877!!1878!!1879!!1880<ref name="ourworldindata.org"/>
|-
| align="left"|Total fertility rate in Greece||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.81|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.83 ||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.7||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.91||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.78||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.97||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.82||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.64||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.32||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.27
|}
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right"
|-
! Years !! 1881!!1882!!1883!!1884!!1885!!1886!!1887!!1888!!1889!!1890<ref name="ourworldindata.org"/>
|-
| align="left"|Total fertility rate in Greece||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.28|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.38 ||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.35||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.83||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.82||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.01||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.19||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.38||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.57||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.73
|}
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right"
|-
! Years !! 1891!!1892!!1893!!1894!!1895!!1896!!1897!!1898!!1899!!1900<ref name="ourworldindata.org"/>
|-
| align="left"|Total fertility rate in Greece||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.8|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.88 ||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.95||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.1||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.18||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.25||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.32||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.4||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.47
|}
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right"
|-
! Years !! 1901!!1902!!1903!!1904!!1905!!1906!!1907!!1908!!1909!!1910<ref name="ourworldindata.org"/>
|-
| align="left"|Total fertility rate in Greece||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.35|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.22 ||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.1||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.97||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.85||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.72||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.6||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.47||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.35||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.22
|}
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right"
|-
! Years !! 1911!!1912!!1913!!1914!!1915!!1916!!1917!!1918!!1919!!1920<ref name="ourworldindata.org"/>
|-
| align="left"|Total fertility rate in Greece||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.09|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.97 ||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.84||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.72||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.59||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.47||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.34||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.22||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.09||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.97
|}
===Life expectancy===
{{See also|List of Greek regions by life expectancy}}
[[File:Life expectancy in Greece.svg|thumb|300px|[[Life expectancy]] in Greece since 1877]]
[[File:Life expectancy by WBG -Greece -diff.png|thumb|300px|Life expectancy in Greece since 1960 by gender]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Period
!Life expectancy in<br />Years
!Period
!Life expectancy in<br />Years
|-
|1950–1955
|65.8
|1985–1990
|75.6
|-
|1955–1960
|67.2
|1990–1995
|77.4
|-
|1960–1965
|69.3
|1995–2000
|78.1
|-
|1965–1970
|70.1
|2000–2005
|79.1
|-
|1970–1975
|71.8
|2005–2010
|80.0
|-
|1975–1980
|72.8
|2010–2015
|80.6
|-
|1980–1985
|74.5
|2015–2020
|81.2
|}
Source: ''UN World Population Prospects''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations|access-date=2017-07-15}}</ref>
===Age structure===
Being part of the phenomenon of the [[aging of Europe]], the Greek population shows a rapid increase of the percentage of the elderly people. Greece's population census of 1961 found that 10.9% of the total population was above the age of 65, while the percentage of this group age increased to 19.0% in 2011. In contrast, the percentage of the population of the ages 0–14 had a total decrease of 10.2% between 1961 and 2011.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" |Age group
! colspan="2" |1971
! colspan="2" |1981
! colspan="2" |1991
! colspan="2" |2001
! colspan="2" |2011
|-
!Population
!%
!Population
!%
!Population
!%
!Population
!%
!Population
!%
|-
| '''0–14'''
| align="right" | 2,223,904
|''25.4''
| align="right" | 2,307,297
|''23.7''
| align="right" | 1,974,867
|''19.2''
| align="right" | 1,664,085
|''15.2''
| align="right" | 1,576,500
|''14.4''
|-
| '''15–64'''
| align="right" | 5,587,352
|''63.7''
| align="right" | 6,192,751
|''63.6''
| align="right" | 6,880,681
|''67.1''
| align="right" | 7,468,395
|''68.1''
| align="right" | 7,122,830
|''66.6''
|-
| '''65+'''
| align="right" | 957,116
|''10.9''
| align="right" | 1,239,541
|''12.7''
| align="right" | 1,404,352
|''13.7''
| align="right" | 1,831,540
|''16.7''
| align="right" | 2,108,807
|''19.0''
|-
! Total
! colspan="2" |8,768,372
! colspan="2" |9,739,589
! colspan="2" |10,259,900
! colspan="2" |10,964,020
! colspan="2" |10,816,286
|}
==Vital statistics from 1921==
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.statistics.gr/en/statistics/-/publication/SPO03/-|title=Statistics - ELSTAT|website=www.statistics.gr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.statistics.gr/en/statistics/-/publication/SPO09/2022|title=Statistics - ELSTAT|website=www.statistics.gr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ypes.gr/en|title=ypes.gr}}</ref><ref>B.R. Mitchell. European historical statistics, 1750–1975.</ref><ref name="un1948">{{cite book|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dybsets/1948%20DYB.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728143216/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dybsets/1948%20DYB.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-28 |url-status=live|title=Demographic Yearbook 1948|publisher=United Nations in collaboration with the Department of Social Affairs|work=Statistical Office of the United Nations|year=1949|access-date=6 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gr/en/statistics/pop|title=Population and Social Conditions: Demography|publisher=Hellenic Statistical Authority|access-date=6 January 2017}}</ref>
Source: Hellenic Statistical Authority<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.statistics.gr/en/home|title=Main Page ELSTAT - ELSTAT|website=www.statistics.gr}}</ref> and World Bank.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population growth (annual %) - Greece {{!}} Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.GROW?locations=GR |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=data.worldbank.org}}</ref>
Notable events in Greek demography:
* 1923 – [[Population exchange between Greece and Turkey]]
* 1946-1949 - [[Refugees of the Greek Civil War]]
* 1967-1974 – [[Greek junta]]
* 2010-today - [[Greek economic crisis]] and subsequent emigration and significant decline in birthrate.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"
|-
! Year
! style="width:60pt;"|Average population (January 1, 2001 onwards)
! style="width:60pt;"|Live births<ref>1932–1940 and 1955–2017: {{cite web|access-date=2019-07-20|title=Statistics – ELSTAT – 01. Births – Absolute numbers and rates (1932–2017)|url=http://www.statistics.gr/en/statistics/-/publication/SPO03/2017|website=www.statistics.gr}} Web page contains link to data in XLS spreadsheet format.</ref>
! style="width:60pt;"|Deaths
! style="width:60pt;"|Natural change
! style="width:60pt;"|Crude birth rate (per 1000)
! style="width:60pt;"|Crude death rate (per 1000)
! style="width:60pt;"|Natural change (per 1000)
! style="width:60pt;"|crude migration change(per 1000)
! style="width:60pt;"|[[Total Fertility Rate]]s{{refn|group=fn|In fertility rates, 2.1 and above is a stable population and has been marked blue, 2 and below leads to an aging population and the result is that the population decreases. }}<ref name="ourworldindata.org"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://greece.greekreporter.com/2018/03/29/greek-women-have-fewer-children-than-eu-average/|title=Greek Women Have Fewer Children than EU Average |website=GreekReporter.com|first=Philip|last=Chrysopoulos}}</ref><ref name ="cia.gov"/>
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1921
| 5,050,000
| 107,000
| 69,000
| 38,000
| 21.2
| 13.7
| 7.5
| 1.8
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.84
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1922
| 5,097,000
| 110,000
| 82,000
| 18,000
| 21.6
| 16.1
| 5.5
| 173.6
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.88
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1923
| 6,010,000
| 113,926
| 102,042
| 11,884
| 19.0
| 17.0
| 2.0
| -3.7
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.55
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1924
| 6,000,000
| 117,014
| 93,320
| 23,694
| 19.5
| 15.6
| 3.9
| -10.9
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.61
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1925
| 5,958,000
| 156,367
| 88,633
| 67,734
| 26.2
| 14.9
| 11.4
| 2.7
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.52
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1926
| 6,042,000
| 181,278
| 84,136
| 97,142
| 30.0
| 13.9
| 16.1
| -2.0
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.02
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1927
| 6,127,000
| 176,527
| 100,020
| 76,507
| 28.8
| 16.3
| 12.5
| 1.0
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.86
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1928
| 6,210,000
| 189,250
| 105,665
| 83,585
| 30.5
| 17.0
| 13.5
| -1.3
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.09
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1929
| 6,286,000
| 181,870
| 115,561
| 66,309
| 28.9
| 18.4
| 10.5
| 2.4
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.87
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1930
| 6,367,000
| 199,565
| 103,811
| 95,754
|  style="color: blue" |31.3
| 16.3
| 15.0
| 0.1
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.19
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1931
| 6,463,000
| 199,243
| 114,369
| 84,874
| 30.8
| 17.7
| 13.1
| -0.6
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.83
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1932
| 6,544,000
| 185,523
| 117,593
| 67,930
| 28.4
| 18.0
| 10.4
| 2.0
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1933
| 6,625,000
| 189,583
| 111,447
| 78,136
| 28.6
| 16.8
| 11.8
| 3.6
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.84
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1934
| 6,727,000
| 208,929
| 100,651
| 108,278
| 31.1
| 15.0
| 16.1
| 0.3
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.16
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1935
| 6,837,000
| 192,511
| 101,416
| 91,095
| 28.2
| 14.8
| 13.3
| 1.2
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.77
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1936
| 6,936,000
| 193,343
| 105,005
| 88,338
| 27.9
| 15.1
| 12.7
| 0.7
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.68
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1937
| 7,029,000
| 183,878
| 105,674
| 78,204
| 26.2
| 15.0
| 11.1
| 2.1
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.51
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1938
| 7,122,000
| 184,509
| 93,766
| 90,743
| 25.9
| 13.2
| 12.7
| 1.3
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.47
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1939
| 7,222,000
| 178,852
| 100,459
| 78,393
| 24.8
| 13.9
| 10.9
| 2.5
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.32
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1940
| 7,319,000
| 179,500
| 93,830
| 85,670
| 24.5
| 12.8
| 11.7
| -4.7
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.29
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1941
| 7,370,000
| 134,760
| 125,710
| 9,050
| 18.3
| 17.1
| 1.2
| -3.9
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.19
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1942
| 7,350,000
| 132,640
| style="color: red" | 191,030
| style="color: red;" |  -58,390
| 18.0
|  style="color: red" |26.0
| style="color: red;" | -7.9
| -1.6
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.08
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1943
| 7,280,000
| 122,170
| 111,320
| 10,850
| 16.8
| 15.3
| 1.5
| 1.2
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.98
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1944
| 7,300,000
| 145,530
| 110,810
| 34,720
| 19.9
| 15.2
| 4.8
| -3.4
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.88
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1945
| 7,310,000
| 183,470
| 85,540
| 97,930
| 25.1
| 11.7
| 13.4
| 3.0
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.78
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1946
| 7,430,000
| 209,360
| 73,500
| 135,860
| 28.2
| 9.9
| style="color:blue"|18.3
| -6.2
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.68
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1947
| 7,520,000
| 206,400
| 70,340
|style="color: blue"| 136,060
| 27.4
| 9.4
| 18.1
| -20.8
|style="color:blue"|2.58
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1948
| 7,500,000
| style="color:blue"|210,000
| 96,000
| 114,000
| 28.0
| 12.8
| 15.2
| -17.8
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.48
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1949
| 7,480,000
| 139,108
| 59,450
| 79,658
| 18.6
| 7.9
| 10.6
| -0.7
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.37
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1950
| 7,554,000
| 151,314
| 53,755
| 97,559
| 20.0
| 7.1
| 12.9
| -0.7
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.47
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1951
| 7,646,000
| 155,422
| 57,508
| 97,914
| 20.3
| 7.5
| 12.8
| -1.4
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.47
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1952
| 7,733,000
| 149,637
| style="color: blue" | 53,377
| 96,260
| 19.4
| style="color: blue" | 6.9
| 12.4
| -1.5
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.48
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1953
| 7,817,000
| 143,765
| 56,680
| 87,085
| 18.4
| 7.3
| 11.1
| -1.4
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.49
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1954
| 7,893,000
| 151,892
| 55,625
| 96,267
| 19.2
| 7.0
| 12.2
| -3.0
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.48
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1955
| 7,966,000
| 154,263
| 54,781
| 99,482
| 19.4
| 6.9
| 12.5
| -4.3
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.47
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1956
| 8,031,000
| 158,203
| 59,460
| 96,727
| 19.4
| 7.4
| 12.0
| -3.9
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.44
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1957
| 8,096,000
| 155,940
| 61,664
| 93,528
| 19.2
| 7.6
| 11.6
| -2.1
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.42
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1958
| 8,173,000
| 155,359
| 58,160
| 97,199
| 19.0
| 7.1
| 11.9
| -1.5
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.38
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1959
| 8,258,000
| 160,199
| 60,852
| 99,347
| 19.4
| 7.4
| 12.0
| -2.8
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.36
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1960
| 8,304,698
| 157,239
| 60,563
| 96,676
| 18.9
| 7.3
| 11.6
| -3.9
| style="color: blue;" | 2.33
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1961
| 8,363,490
| 150,716
| 63,955
| 86,761
| 17.9
| 7.6
| 10.3
| -4.3
| style="color: blue;" | 2.32
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1962
| 8,433,124
| 152,158
| 66,554
| 85,604
| 18.0
| 7.9
| 10.1
| -6.3
| style="color: blue;" | 2.32
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1963
| 8,463,290
| 148,249
| 66,813
| 81,436
| 17.5
| 7.9
| 9.6
| -6.1
| style="color: blue" | 2.34
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1964
| 8,495,610
| 153,109
| 69,429
| 83,680
| 18.0
| 8.1
| 9.8
| -5.0
| style="color: blue" | 2.37
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1965
| 8,525,408
| 151,448
| 67,269
| 84,179
| 17.7
| 7.8
| 9.8
| -2.4
| style="color: blue" | 2.41
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1966
| 8,575,653
| 154,613
| 67,912
| 86,701
| 17.9
| 7.9
| 10.1
| -1.7
| style="color: blue" | 2.46
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1967
| 8,651,739
| 162,839
| 71,975
| 90,864
| 18.7
| 8.3
| 10.5
| -4.2
| style="color: blue" | 2.51
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1968
| 8,716,502
| 160,338
| 73,309
| 87,029
| 18.3
| 8.4
| 10.0
| -6.3
| style="color: blue" | 2.54
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1969
| 8,765,894
| 154,077
| 71,825
| 82,252
| 17.6
| 8.2
| 9.4
| -7.1
| style="color: blue" | 2.56
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1970
| 8,780,549
| 144,928
| 74,009
| 70,919
| 16.5
| 8.4
| 8.1
| -3.8
| style="color: blue" | 2.57
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1971
| 8,805,194
| 141,126
| 73,819
| 67,307
| 16.0
| 8.4
| 7.6
| -1.0
| style="color: blue" | 2.57
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1972
| 8,857,439
| 140,891
| 76,859
| 64,032
| 15.9
| 8.6
| 7.2
| -2.7
| style="color: blue" | 2.55
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1973
| 8,920,359
| 137,526
| 77,648
| 59,878
| 15.4
| 8.7
| 6.7
| -3.0
| style="color: blue" | 2.54
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1974
| 8,937,982
| 144,069
| 76,303
| 67,766
| 16.1
| 8.5
| 7.6
| 1.9
| style="color: blue" | 2.52
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1975
| 8,986,203
| 142,273
| 80,077
| 62,196
| 15.7
| 8.9
| 6.9
| 6.4
| style="color: blue" | 2.33
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1976
| 9,106,985
| 146,566
| 81,818
| 64,748
| 16.0
| 8.9
| 7.1
| 4.0
| style="color: blue" | 2.35
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1977
| 9,269,459
| 143,739
| 83,750
| 59,989
| 15.4
| 9.0
| 6.5
| 7.1
| style="color: blue" | 2.28
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1978
| 9,347,618
| 146,588
| 81,615
| 64,973
| 15.5
| 8.7
| 6.9
| 7.9
| style="color: blue" | 2.29
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1979
| 9,512,347
| 147,965
| 82,338
| 65,627
| 15.5
| 8.6
| 6.9
| 4.5
| style="color: blue" | 2.26
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1980
| 9,584,298
| 148,134
| 87,282
| 60,852
| 15.4
| 9.1
| 6.3
| 2.6
| style="color: blue" | 2.23
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1981
| 9,700,893
| 140,953
| 86,261
| 54,692
| 14.5
| 8.9
| 5.6
| 0.7
| style="color: blue" | 2.10
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1982
| 9,757,944
| 137,275
| 86,345
| 50,930
| 14.0
| 8.8
| 5.2
| 0.6
| 2.03
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1983
| 9,821,279
| 132,608
| 90,586
| 42,022
| 13.5
| 9.2
| 4.3
| 0.7
| 1.94
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1984
| 9,872,195
| 125,724
| 88,397
| 37,327
| 12.7
| 8.9
| 3.8
| 0
| 1.82
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1985
| 9,919,539
| 116,481
| 92,886
| 23,595
| 11.7
| 9.4
| 2.4
| 0.9
| 1.68
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1986
| 9,949,185
| 112,810
| 91,469
| 20,781
| 11.3
| 9.2
| 2.1
| 1.3
| 1.60
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1987
| 9,985,374
| 106,392
| 95,232
| 10,667
| 10.6
| 9.5
| 1.1
| 2.5
| 1.50
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1988
| 10,015,957
| 107,505
| 93,031
| 14,637
| 10.7
| 9.3
| 1.4
| 3.9
| 1.50
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1989
| 10,058,127
| 101,657
| 92,717
| 8,432
| 10.0
| 9.2
| 0.9
| 6.1
| 1.40
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1990
| 10,120,984
| 102,229
| 94,152
| 8,077
| 10.1
| 9.3
| 0.8
| 8.6
| 1.39
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1991
| 10,272,768
| 102,620
| 95,498
| 7,122
| 10.0
| 9.3
| 0.7
| 10.3
| 1.37
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1992
| 10,367,276
| 104,081
| 98,231
| 5,850
| 10.0
| 9.5
| 0.6
| 8.7
| 1.36
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1993
| 10,431,200
| 101,799
| 97,419
| 4,380
| 9.7
| 9.3
| 0.4
| 7.9
| 1.32
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1994
| 10,489,958
| 103,763
| 97,807
| 5,956
| 9.8
| 9.3
| 0.6
| 7.2
| 1.33
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1995
| 10,536,004
| 101,495
| 100,158
| 1,337
| 9.5
| 9.4
| 0.1
| 7.0
| 1.28
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1996
| 10,588,378
| 100,718
| 100,740
| style="color: red" |  -22
| 9.4
| 9.4
| style="color: red" | -0.0
| 6.3
| 1.26
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1997
| 10,629,378
| 102,038
| 99,738
| 2,300
| 9.5
| 9.3
| 0.2
| 5.2
| 1.27
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1998
| 10,693,340
| 100,894
| 102,668
| style="color: red" |  -1,774
| 9.3
| 9.5
| style="color: red" | -0.2
| 4.6
| 1.24
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1999
| 10,747,879
| 100,643
| 103,304
| style="color: red" |  -2,661
| 9.2
| 9.5
| style="color: red" | -0.3
| 3.5
| style="color: red" | 1.23
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2000
| 10,775,693
| 103,274
| 105,219
| style="color: red" |  -1,952
| 9.5
| 9.6
| style="color: red" | -0.1
| -7.4
| 1.25
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2001
| 10,836,578
| 102,282
| 102,559
| style="color: red" |  -277
| 9.4
| 9.4
| style="color: red" | 0.0
| 4.8
| 1.25
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2002
| 10,888,357
| 103,569
| 103,915
| style="color: red" |  -346
| 9.5
| 9.5
| style="color: red" | 0.0
| 2.5
| 1.28
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2003
| 10,915,874
| 104,420
| 105,529
| style="color: red" |  -1,109
| 9.6
| 9.7
| style="color: red" |  -0.1
| 2.4
| 1.29
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2004
| 10,940,437
| 105,655
| 104,942
| 713
| 9.6
| 9.6
| 0.1
| 2.6
| 1.31
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2005
| 10,969,984
| 107,545
| 105,091
| 2,454
| 9.8
| 9.6
| 0.2
| 3.0
| 1.34
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2006
| 11,004,784
| 112,042
| 105,476
| 6,566
| 10.2
| 9.6
| 0.6
| 2.2
| 1.40
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2007
| 11,036,789
| 111,926
| 109,895
| 2,031
| 10.1
| 9.9
| 0.2
| 2.1
| 1.41
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2008
| 11,060,985
| 118,302
| 107,979
| 10,323
| 10.7
| 9.7
| 0.9
| 2.2
| 1.50
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2009
| 11,094,768
| 117,933
| 108,316
| 9,617
| 10.6
| 9.8
| 0.9
| 1.3
| 1.50
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2010
| 11,119,102
| 114,766
| 109,084
| 5,682
| 10.3
| 9.8
| 0.5
| -0.1
| 1.48
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2011
|  style="color: blue |11,123,400
| 106,428
| 111,099
| style="color: red" |  -4,671
| 9.6
| 10.0
| style="color: red" |  -0.4
| -2.9
| 1.40
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2012
| 11,086,459
| 100,371
| 116,668
| style="color: red" |  -16,297
| 9.1
| 10.6
| style="color: red" | -1.5
| -6.0
| 1.34
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2013
| 11,003,687
| 94,134
| 111,794
| style="color: red" | -17,660
| 8.6
| 10.2
| style="color: red" |  -1.6
| -5.4
| 1.29
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2014
| 10,926,859
| 92,149
| 113,740
| style="color: red" |  -21,591
| 8.5
| 10.4
| style="color: red" | -2.0
| 4.3
| 1.30
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2015
| 10,858,498
| 91,847
| 121,183
| style="color: red" |  -29,336
| 8.5
| 11.2
| style="color: red" | -2.7
| -4.2
| 1.33
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2016
| 10,783,729
| 92,898
| 118,788
| style="color: red" |  -25,890
| 8.6
| 11.0
| style="color: red" |  -2.4
| 1.0
| 1.38
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2017
| 10,768,290
| 88,553
| 124,495
| style="color: red" |  -35,942
| 8.2
| 11.6
| style="color: red" | -3.3
| 0.8
|1.35
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2018
| 10,741,244
| 86,440
| 120,291
| style="color: red" | -33,851
| 8.1
| 11.2
| style="color: red" |  -3.2
| 1.8
|1.35
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2019
|10,726,598
| 83,756
| 124,954
| style="color: red" | -41,198
| 7.8
| 11.7
| style="color: red" | -3.8
| 3.1
|1.32
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2020
|10,718,565
| 84,764
| 131,025
| style="color: red" | -46,261
| 7.9
| 12.3
| style="color: red" | -4.3
| -0.7
|1.37
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2021
|10,664,972
| 85,346
| 143,904
| style="color: red" | -58,558
| 8.2
| 13.8
| style="color: red" | -5.6
| -1.4
|1.38
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2022
|10,590,317
| 76,095
| 140,801
| style="color: red" | -64,706
| 7.2
| 13.2
| style="color: red" | -6.0
| -10.7
|1.33
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2023
|10,523,492
| style="color: red" | 71,455
| 128,101
| style="color: red" | -56,646
| style="color: red" | 6.9
| 12.4
| style="color: red" | -5.5
|
|
|}
=== Current vital statistics ===
{| class="wikitable"  style="text-align:center;"
|+
|-
! Period<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistics of Registry Deeds PSMIPOL |url=https://www.ypes.gr/politikes-kai-draseis/statistika/statistika-2}}</ref>
! Live births
! Deaths
! Natural increase
|-
| '''January - November 2023'''
| 66,949
| 119,353
| -52,404
|-
| '''January - November 2024'''
| 63,869
| 117,406
| -53,537
|-
| '''Difference'''
| {{decrease}} -3,080 (-4.60%)
| {{decreasepositive}} -1,947 (-1.63%)
| {{decrease}} -1,133
|}
===Structure of the population===
{{Hidden begin
|title= Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 09.V.2011): <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/#statistics |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=unstats.un.org}}</ref>
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age Group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 5 303 223
| align="right" | 5 513 063
| align="right" | 10 816 286
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 274 788
| align="right" | 262 455
| align="right" | 537 243
| align="right" | 4.97
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 262 432
| align="right" | 250 164
| align="right" | 512 596
| align="right" | 4.74
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 265 787
| align="right" | 253 642
| align="right" | 519 429
| align="right" | 4.80
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 286 386
| align="right" | 266 890
| align="right" | 553 276
| align="right" | 5.12
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 325 127
| align="right" | 301 970
| align="right" | 627 097
| align="right" | 5.80
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 371 617
| align="right" | 352 154
| align="right" | 723 771
| align="right" | 6.69
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 417 861
| align="right" | 404 614
| align="right" | 822 475
| align="right" | 7.60
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 409 681
| align="right" | 403 148
| align="right" | 812 829
| align="right" | 7.51
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 414 026
| align="right" | 418 640
| align="right" | 832 666
| align="right" | 7.70
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 367 086
| align="right" | 381 343
| align="right" | 748 429
| align="right" | 6.92
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 355 552
| align="right" | 375 934
| align="right" | 731 486
| align="right" | 6.76
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 321 466
| align="right" | 338 902
| align="right" | 660 368
| align="right" | 6.11
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 301 589
| align="right" | 324 180
| align="right" | 625 769
| align="right" | 5.79
|-
| align="right" | 65–69
| align="right" | 241 832
| align="right" | 266 444
| align="right" | 508 276
| align="right" | 4.70
|-
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 246 264
| align="right" | 295 901
| align="right" | 542 165
| align="right" | 5.01
|-
| align="right" | 75–79
| align="right" | 209 983
| align="right" | 265 094
| align="right" | 475 077
| align="right" | 4.39
|-
| align="right" | 80–84
| align="right" | 146 455
| align="right" | 205 918
| align="right" | 352 373
| align="right" | 3.26
|-
| align="right" | 85–89
| align="right" | 60 933
| align="right" | 98 908
| align="right" | 159 841
| align="right" | 1.48
|-
| align="right" | 90–94
| align="right" | 18 760
| align="right" | 34 685
| align="right" | 53 445
| align="right" | 0.49
|-
| align="right" | 95–99
| align="right" | 4 948
| align="right" | 10 239
| align="right" | 15 187
| align="right" | 0.14
|-
| align="right" | 100+
| align="right" | 650
| align="right" | 1 838
| align="right" | 2 488
| align="right" | 0.02
|-
! width="50"|Age group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 803 007
| align="right" | 766 261
| align="right" | 1 569 268
| align="right" | 14.51
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 3 570 391
| align="right" | 3 567 775
| align="right" | 7 138 166
| align="right" | 65.99
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 929 825
| align="right" | 1 179 027
| align="right" | 2 108 852
| align="right" | 19.50
|-
|}
{{Hidden end}}
{{Hidden begin
|title= Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.I.2021) (Data refer to usual resident population.): <ref name="auto"/>
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age Group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 5 196 048
| align="right" | 5 482 584
| align="right" | 10 678 632
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 232 962
| align="right" | 221 004
| align="right" | 453 966
| align="right" | 4.25
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 256 724
| align="right" | 242 916
| align="right" | 499 640
| align="right" | 4.68
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 286 211
| align="right" | 270 919
| align="right" | 557 130
| align="right" | 5.22
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 286 473
| align="right" | 261 827
| align="right" | 548 300
| align="right" | 5.13
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 295 675
| align="right" | 267 375
| align="right" | 563 050
| align="right" | 5.27
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 289 021
| align="right" | 268 852
| align="right" | 557 873
| align="right" | 5.22
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 292 391
| align="right" | 293 623
| align="right" | 586 014
| align="right" | 5.49
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 351 172
| align="right" | 348 759
| align="right" | 699 931
| align="right" | 6.55
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 397 038
| align="right" | 400 046
| align="right" | 797 084
| align="right" | 7.46
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 388 226
| align="right" | 404 647
| align="right" | 792 873
| align="right" | 7.42
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 388 838
| align="right" | 418 213
| align="right" | 807 051
| align="right" | 7.56
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 340 585
| align="right" | 379 684
| align="right" | 720 269
| align="right" | 6.74
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 320 930
| align="right" | 366 665
| align="right" | 687 595
| align="right" | 6.44
|-
| align="right" | 65–69
| align="right" | 288 274
| align="right" | 327 034
| align="right" | 615 308
| align="right" | 5.76
|-
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 261 202
| align="right" | 309 037
| align="right" | 570 239
| align="right" | 5.34
|-
| align="right" | 75–79
| align="right" | 200 470
| align="right" | 246 135
| align="right" | 446 605
| align="right" | 4.18
|-
| align="right" | 80–84
| align="right" | 161 684
| align="right" | 227 332
| align="right" | 389 016
| align="right" | 3.64
|-
| align="right" | 85–89
| align="right" | 98 597
| align="right" | 148 795
| align="right" | 247 392
| align="right" | 2.32
|-
| align="right" | 90–94
| align="right" | 41 160
| align="right" | 58 052
| align="right" | 99 212
| align="right" | 0.93
|-
| align="right" | 95–99
| align="right" | 12 188
| align="right" | 14 445
| align="right" | 26 633
| align="right" | 0.25
|-
| align="right" | 100–104
| align="right" | 4 334
| align="right" | 4 190
| align="right" | 8 524
| align="right" | 0.08
|-
| align="right" | 105–109
| align="right" | 1 370
| align="right" | 2 047
| align="right" | 3 417
| align="right" | 0.03
|-
| align="right" | 110+
| align="right" | 523
| align="right" | 987
| align="right" | 1 510
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
! width="50"|Age group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 775 897
| align="right" | 734 839
| align="right" | 1 510 736
| align="right" | 14.15
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 3 350 349
| align="right" | 3 409 691
| align="right" | 6 760 040
| align="right" | 63.30
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 1 069 802
| align="right" | 1 338 054
| align="right" | 2 407 856
| align="right" | 22.55
|-
|}
{{Hidden end}}
==Other demographic statistics==
Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019.<ref name= "worldpopulationreview.com">{{citation|url=http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/greece-population/|title=Greece Population 2018|website=World Population Review}}</ref>
*One birth every 6 minutes
*One death every 4 minutes
*Net loss of one person every 21 minutes
*One net migrant every 53 minutes
[[File:Population pyramid of Greece (1928).svg|thumb|Population pyramid of Greece in 1928]]
Demographic statistics according to the [[CIA World Factbook]], unless otherwise indicated.<ref name ="cia.gov">{{cite web |title=Europe: Greece |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/greece/ |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=28 November 2019 }}</ref>
[[File:Greecepop.svg|thumb|Population pyramid of Greece in 2017]]
;Population:10,413,982 (Jan 2023 est.) :10,718,565 (Jan 2020 est.)
:10,761,523 (July 2018 est.)
:10,768,477 (July 2017 est.)
:10,768,193 (Jan 2017 est.)
;Age structure:
:''0-14 years:'' 14.53% (male 794,918/female 745,909)
:''15-24 years:'' 10.34% (male 577,134/female 519,819)
:''25-54 years:'' 39.6% (male 2,080,443/female 2,119,995)
:''55-64 years:'' 13.1% (male 656,404/female 732,936)
:''65 years and over:'' 22.43% (male 1,057,317/female 1,322,176) (2020 est.)
:''0-14 years:'' 13.83% (male 767,245/female 722,313)
:''15-24 years:'' 9.67% (male 532,179/female 509,487)
:''25-54 years:'' 42.45% (male 2,275,984/female 2,295,082)
:''55-64 years:'' 13.13% (male 692,420/female 721,641)
:''65 years and over:'' 20.91% (male 986,816/female 1,265,310) (2017 est.)
:0–14 years: 14.2% (male 787,143/female 741,356)
:15–64 years: 66.2% (male 3,555,447/female 3,567,383)
:65 years and over: 19.6% (male 923,177/female 1,185,630) (2011 est.)
;Median age:
:total: 45.3 years. Country comparison to the world: 9th
:male: 43.7 years
:female: 46.8 years (2020 est.)
:total: 44.5 years
:male: 43.5 years
:female: 45.6 years (2017 est.)
:total: 42.5 years
:male: 41.4 years
:female: 43.6 years (2011 est.)
;Mother's mean age at first birth:
:29.9 years (2017 est.)
;Total fertility rate:
:1.39 children born/woman (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 225th
;Population growth rate:
:-0.34% (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 221st
;Birth rate:
:7.72 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 222nd
:8.4 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)
;Death rate:
:12.05 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 14th
;Net migration rate:
:0.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 62nd
;Life expectancy at birth:
:total population: 81.28 years. Country comparison to the world: 41st
:male: 78.73 years
:female: 84 years (2021 est.)
;Infant mortality rate:
:total: 3.61 deaths/1,000 live births. Country comparison to the world: 204th
:male: 4 deaths/1,000 live births
:female: 3.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)
;Ethnic groups:
population: Greek 91.6%, Albanian 4.4%, other 4% (2011)
Note: data represent citizenship, since Greece does not collect data on ethnicity
;[[Dependency ratio]]s:
:total dependency ratio: 56.1
:youth dependency ratio: 21.3
:elderly dependency ratio: 34.8
:[[potential support ratio]]: 2.9 (2020 est.)
;Religions:
Greek Orthodox (official) 81–90%, Muslim 2%, other 3%, none 4–15%, unspecified 1% (2015 est.)
;Urbanization:
:urban population: 79.7% of total population (2020)
:rate of urbanization: 0.22% annual rate of change (2015–20 est.)
;Unemployment, youth ages 15–24:
:total: 39.9%. Country comparison to the world: 11th
:male: 36.4%
:female: 43.9% (2018 est.)
;School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
:total: 20 years
:male: 20 years
:female: 20 years (2018)
==Immigration==
{{Main|Immigration to Greece}}
[[File:COB data Greece.PNG|thumb|Foreign citizens in Greece in 1998 by country of citizenship.]]
Greece has received a large number of immigrants since the early 1990s. The majority of them come from the neighbouring countries. As of 2011, the number of foreigners in an enumerated total of 10,815,197 people was 911,299.
Foreign-born by country ([[Eurostat]]):<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/social-issues-migration-health/international-migration-outlook-2016_migr_outlook-2016-en|title=International Migration Outlook 2016|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] Publishing|location=Paris, France|issn=1999-124X|doi=10.1787/1999124x|page=371|date=19 September 2016|access-date=6 February 2017|isbn=9789264258440}}</ref> The Top-15 per year are displayed for consistency.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Country
!2010
!2014
!2020 {{abbr|n-aEU|Non European Union, European Free Trade Association, United Kingdom countries}}<ref>[https://migration.gov.gr/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/%CE%A3%CE%A4%CE%91%CE%A4%CE%99%CE%A3%CE%A4%CE%99%CE%9A%CE%91_%CE%91%CE%94_20200131.zip ΣΤΑΤΙΣΤΙΚΑ_ΑΔ_20200131]</ref>
!<!--AVOID [[WP:SYNTH]]-->2020 EU<ref>{{cite web | title=Population on 1 January by age group, sex and citizenship | website=European Commission | url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_pop1ctz__custom_9061190/default/table?lang=en | access-date=18 December 2023}}</ref>
!2021<ref name="21.cen.for">https://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/17286366/A1602_SAM03_TB_DC_00_2011_A02_F_BI.xlsx/ {{bare URL inline|date=February 2024}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Albania}}
| style="text-align:right;"|384,600
| style="text-align:right;"|337,719
| style="text-align:right;"|346,918
|{{n/a|sort=346,918}}
| style="text-align:right;"|374,926
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Bulgaria}}
| style="text-align:right;"|45,700
| style="text-align:right;"|40,914
|{{n/a|sort=72,777}}{{refn|group=note|name=":20"|The source doesn't include immigrants from the European Union, European Free Trade Association nations or the United Kingdom}}
| style="text-align:right;"|72,777
| style="text-align:right;"|35,444
|-
|{{flag|Pakistan}}
| style="text-align:right;"|20,100
| style="text-align:right;"|18,040
| style="text-align:right;"|19,167
|{{n/a|sort=19,167}}
| style="text-align:right;"|35,309
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Romania}}
| style="text-align:right;"|32,400
| style="text-align:right;"|27,191
|{{n/a|sort=44,600}}{{refn|group=note|name=":20"}}
| style="text-align:right;"|44,600
| style="text-align:right;"|28,250
|-
|{{flag|Georgia}}
| style="text-align:right;"|62,600
| style="text-align:right;"|45,061
| style="text-align:right;"|23,050
|{{n/a|sort=23,050}}
| style="text-align:right;"|26,083
|-
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}
| style="text-align:right;"|14,200
| style="text-align:right;"|8,362
|{{sort|9,257|{{included|included into others}}}}<!--9,257 #16/10-->
|{{n/a|sort=9,257}}
| style="text-align:right;"|17,189
|-
|{{flag|Ukraine}}
| style="text-align:right;"|13,300
| style="text-align:right;"|10,662
| style="text-align:right;"|18,056
|{{n/a|sort=18,056}}
| style="text-align:right;"|16,408
|-
|{{flag|Afghanistan}}
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
|{{sort|195|{{included|included into others}}}}
|{{n/a|sort=195}}
| style="text-align:right;"|15,457
|-
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
| style="text-align:right;"|5,200
| style="text-align:right;"|10,736
|{{n/a|sort=14,752}}{{refn|group=note|name=":20"}}
| style="text-align:right;"|14,752
| style="text-align:right;"|13,517
|-
|{{flag|Russia}}
| style="text-align:right;"|55,700
| style="text-align:right;"|42,959
| style="text-align:right;"|14,772
|{{n/a|sort=14,772}}
| style="text-align:right;"|13,415
|-
|{{flag|Egypt}}
| style="text-align:right;"|10,200
| style="text-align:right;"|9,813
| style="text-align:right;"|11,652
|{{n/a|sort=11,652}}
| style="text-align:right;"|12,453
|-
|{{flag|India}}
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|13,259
|{{n/a|sort=13,259}}
| style="text-align:right;"|12,385
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Cyprus}}
| style="text-align:right;"|10,200
| style="text-align:right;"|10,881
|{{n/a|sort=13,850}}{{refn|group=note|name=":20"}}
| style="text-align:right;"|13,850
| style="text-align:right;"|12,362
|-
|{{flag|Syria}}
| style="text-align:right;"|7,500
| style="text-align:right;"|8,306
|{{sort|5,024|{{included|included into others}}}}<!--5,024 #19/13-->
|{{n/a|sort=5,024}}
| style="text-align:right;"|10,785
|-
|{{flag|Philippines}}
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|10,696
|{{n/a|sort=10,696}}
| style="text-align:right;"|10,585
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Poland}}
| style="text-align:right;"|10,800
| style="text-align:right;"|16,635
|{{n/a|sort=13,560}}{{refn|group=note|name=":20"}}
| style="text-align:right;"|13,560
|{{sort|8,940|{{included|included into others}}}}<!--8,940 #16-->
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Germany}}
| style="text-align:right;"|29,300
| style="text-align:right;"|25,722
|{{n/a|sort=10,336}}{{refn|group=note|name=":20"}}
| style="text-align:right;"|10,336
|{{sort|8,300|{{included|included into others}}}}<!--8,300 #17-->
|-
|{{flag|China}}
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|19,814
|{{n/a|sort=19,814}}
|{{sort|7,240|{{included|included into others}}}}<!--7,240 #19-->
|-
|{{flag|Turkey}}
| style="text-align:right;"|9,500
| style="text-align:right;"|12,469
|{{sort|3,500|{{included|included into others}}}}<!--3,500 #20/14-->
|{{n/a|sort=3,500}}
|{{sort|5,603|{{included|included into others}}}}<!--5,603 #22-->
|-class=sortbottom
!others
| style="text-align:right;"|117,100
| style="text-align:right;"|102,006
| style="text-align:right;"|65,429<!--31,164 outside the top 15-->{{refn|group=note|name=":20"}}
| style="text-align:right;"|736,470{{refn|group=note|Of which 21,243 people<!--The data is internally misaligned by one person, as such it also could be 21,244--> are from the remaining EU countries and 1,630 are from the EFTA countries}}
| style="text-align:right;"|127,287
|-
!Total
! style="text-align:center;"|828,400
! style="text-align:center;"|727,477
! style="text-align:center;"|524,813{{refn|group=note|name=":20"}}
! style="text-align:center;"|906,345
! style="text-align:center;"|761,855
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Nationality of Greece over time
! rowspan="2" |Nationality
! colspan="2" |1951
! colspan="2" |1961
! colspan="2" |1971
! colspan="2" |1981
! colspan="2" |1991
! colspan="2" |2001
! colspan="2" |2011
! colspan="2" |2021<ref>{{Cite web |title=File:Tab04 Non-national population by group of citizenship, 1 January 2021 rev.png |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=File:Tab04_Non-national_population_by_group_of_citizenship,_1_January_2021_rev.png |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=ec.europa.eu |language=en}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2021<br>census<ref name="21.cen.for"/>
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
!{{Flagicon|Greece}} Greeks
!7,602,230
!99.60%
!8,333,817
!99.35%
!8,675,804
!98.94%
!9,568,017
!98.24%
!10,092,624
!98.37%
!10,166,927
!92.73%
!9,903,268
!91.57%
!9,777,439
!91.34%
!9,716,889
!92.70%
|-
!Foreigners
!30,571
!0.40%
!54,736
!0.65%
!92,568
!1.06%
!171,424
!1.76%
!167,276
!1.63%
!797,093
!7.27%
!911,929
!8.43%
!921,485
!8.61%
!761,855
!7.27%
|-
|{{Flagicon|European Union}} EU-27
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|199,101
|1.84%
|168,550
|1.57%
|116,669
|1.11%
|-
|Non-EU
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|752,900
|7.1%
|641,921
|6.12%
|-
!Total
! colspan="2" |7,632,801
! colspan="2" |8,388,553
! colspan="2" |8,768,372
! colspan="2" |9,739,441
! colspan="2" |10,259,900
! colspan="2" |10,964,020
! colspan="2" |10,815,197
! colspan="2" |10,698,837
! colspan="2" |10,482,487
|}
===Illegal immigration===
Greece has received many [[illegal immigration to Greece|illegal immigrants]] beginning in the 1990s and continuing during the 2000s and 2010s. Migrants make use of the many islands in the [[Aegean Sea]], directly west of Turkey. A spokesman for the [[European Union]]'s border control agency said that the Greek-Albanian border is "one of Europe's worst-affected external land borders." Migrants across the [[Evros (regional unit)|Evros]] region bordering Turkey face land-mines. Principal illegal immigrants include Albanians, Pakistanis, Kurds, Afghans, Iraqis and Somalis.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rieas.gr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=812&Itemid=89|title=Destabilization Through Illegal Immigration in Greece|publisher=Research Institute for European and American Analysis|date=2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721083021/http://rieas.gr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=812&Itemid=89|archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Niki|last=Kitsantonis|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/04/world/europe/04iht-migrate.4.7756077.html|title=Greece struggles to curb influx of illegal immigrants|newspaper=The New York Times|date=4 October 2007|access-date=6 February 2017}}</ref>
==Ethnic groups, languages and religion==
{{Main|Minorities in Greece|Languages of Greece|Religion in Greece}}
The population of [[northern Greece]] has primarily been ethnically, religiously and linguistically diverse.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Greece: People: Ethnic groups|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Greece/Climate#toc281568|encyclopedia=Britannica online|access-date=6 February 2017}}</ref>
The [[Muslim minority of Greece]] is the only explicitly recognized [[Minority group|minority]] in Greece by the government. The officials define it as a group of Greek Muslims numbering 98,000 people, consisting of [[Turkish people|Turks]] (50%), [[Pomaks]] (35%) and [[Romani people|Romani]] (15%). No other minorities are officially acknowledged by the government.<ref name="Helsinki">{{cite web|title=Greek Helsinki Monitor |url=http://www.minelres.lv/reports/greece/greece_NGO.htm|access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hri.org/MFA/foreign/musmingr.htm|script-title=el:Μουσουλμανικη Μειονοτητα Θρακησ|trans-title=Muslim Minority of Thrace|language=el|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Hellenic Resources Network|location=Athens, Greece|date=June 1999|access-date=6 January 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=http://www.waterinfo.gr/eedyp/papers/apografi.html|script-title=el:Στοιχεια Απο Την Προσφατη Απογραφη Του Πληθυσμου|trans-title=Figures from the recent Population Census|language=el|publisher=Water Info|date=2001|access-date=6 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721084124/http://www.waterinfo.gr/eedyp/papers/apografi.html|archive-date=21 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/macedonia-fights-its-name-84577|title=Macedonia Fights for Its Name|date=25 March 2008|access-date=30 January 2019|work=Newsweek|quote='Greece is one of the rare countries of the EU that does not recognize the phrase 'minority rights.' They still have a concept of a pure nation—one state, one nation, one religion, one culture, everything Greek. And they do not want to recognize that in Greece there is a big Turkish minority, a big Albanian minority and one small Macedonian minority.'}}</ref> There is no official information for the size of the ethnic, linguistic and religious [[Minorities in Greece|minorities]] because asking the population questions pertaining to the topic have been abolished since 1951.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shendruk |first=Amanda |date=8 July 2021 |title=Are you even trying to stop racism if you don't collect data on race? |url=https://qz.com/2029525/the-20-countries-that-dont-collect-racial-and-ethnic-census-data/ |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=Quartz |language=en}}</ref><ref name="FassmannReeger2009">{{cite book|last1=Fassmann|first1=Heinz|last2=Reeger|first2=Ursula|last3=Sievers|first3=Wiebke|title=Statistics and Reality: Concepts and Measurements of Migration in Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0sDMwizfI0gC&pg=PA237|access-date=27 March 2016|year=2009|publisher=Amsterdam University Press|isbn=978-90-8964-052-9|page=237}}</ref>
[[File:Modern Greek dialects en.svg|thumb|Map showing the distribution of major Modern Greek dialect areas]]
[[File:Greece linguistic minorities.svg|thumb|Note: Greek is the dominant language throughout Greece; inclusion in a non-Greek language zone does not necessarily imply that the relevant minority language is still spoken there, or that its speakers consider themselves an ethnic minority.]]
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Religion in Greece for the period 2006–2015 according to Swiss Metadatabse of Religious Affiliation in Europe<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smre-data.ch/en/data_exploring/region_cockpit#/mode/dataset_comparison/region/GRC/period/2010/presentation/table|title=SMRE|website=www.smre-data.ch}}</ref>
| label1 = Eastern Orthodoxy and other Christian
| value1 = 87.6
| color1 = dodgerblue
| label3 = Islam
| label2 = Unaffiliated
| value2 = 6.1
| color2 = gray
| value3 = 5.3
| color3 = Green
| label4 = others
| value4 = 0.8
| color4 = yellow
}}
[[Minorities in Greece]] according to [[Minority Rights Group International]] in 2015:<ref name=helsinki>{{cite web|title=MRG Directory: Greece|url=http://minorityrights.org/country/greece/|website=Greece Overview|date=19 June 2015 |publisher=MRG|access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref>
*[[Romani people in Greece|Roma]]: 265,000
*[[Vlachs]] ([[Aromanians]] and [[Megleno-Romanians]]): 200,000
*[[Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia|Ethnic Macedonians]]: 100,000–200,000
*[[Arvanites]]: 95,000
*[[Turks in Western Thrace|Turks]]: 90,000
*[[Pomaks]]: 35,000–40,000
*[[Jews]]: 5,000
The official language of Greece is [[Greek language|Greek]], spoken by almost all as a second language at least. Additionally, there are a number of [[Minorities in Greece#Linguistic and cultural communities|linguistic minority groups]] that are bilingual in a variety of non-Greek languages, and parts of these groups identify ethnically as [[Greeks]].
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
|+
'''Estimated historical population and census figures'''<sup>1</sup>:
|- style="background:#e0e0e0;"
! rowspan="2" | Language (and religion)
! colspan="2" | census 1879<ref>{{cite book |last1=Zervas |first1=Theodore G.|title=Formal and informal education during the rise of Greek nationalism: learning to be Greek |publisher=Springer |isbn=9781137484147 |page=52 |quote=An 1879 Greek census found that, in the Peloponnese, Central Greece, Euboea and the island of Andros, there were nearly 225,000 Albanian/ Arvanitic speakers|date=8 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Martin |first1=Frederick |title=The statesman's year-book statistical and historical annual of the states of the civilised world for the year 1882 |date=1924 |publisher=Oxford University |page=288 |quote=Greece, at the last census, taken June 1879, had a total population of 1,679,775}}</ref>
! colspan="2" | estimate 1913<ref name=slavic>Peter Trudgill & Daniel Schreier, "Greece and Cyprus", in: ''Sociolinguistics'' (HSK 3.3), 2nd ed., Berlin & New York: de Gruyter, p. 1881-1889, esp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1885 p. 1885]</ref>
! colspan="2" | census 1928<ref name="Angelopoulos">{{cite journal |last1=Angelopoulos |first1=Ath |title=Population Distribution of Greece Today According to Language, National Consciousness, and Religion |journal=Balkan Studies |volume=43 |url=https://ojs.lib.uom.gr/index.php/BalkanStudies/article/download/306/342 |location=Thessaloniki |issn=2241-1674 |pages=126–131}}</ref><ref name=Helsinki/><ref name=nm>{{cite journal|last=Mavrogordatos|first=George Th.|journal=Ιστορία Της Ελλάδας Του 20Ού Αιώνα, Επιμ. Χ. Χατζηιωσήφ, Τόμος Β2. Αθήνα: Βιβλιόραμα, 2003 |url=https://www.academia.edu/2363351|script-title=el:Οι εθνικές μειονότητες|trans-title=The National Minorities|language=el|publisher=academia.edu|date=2003|access-date=7 February 2017}}</ref>
! colspan="2" | census 1940<ref name="Angelopoulos"/><ref name=nm/><ref name="Shea1997">{{cite book|last=Shea|first=John|title=Macedonia and Greece: The Struggle to Define a New Balkan Nation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=InyEqBVhH-EC&pg=PA129|access-date=7 February 2017|year=1997|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-0228-1|page=129}}</ref>
! colspan="2" | census 1951<ref name="Angelopoulos"/><ref name="Clogg2002"/>
|- style="background:#e0e0e0;"
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
|-
| [[Greek language|Greek]]
|
|
|
|
| 5,759,523
| 92.8
| 6,902,339
| 92.5
| 7,297,878
| 95.6
|-
| [[Turkish language|Turkish]] (altogether)
|
|
|
|
| 191,254
| 3.1
| 229,075
| 3.8
| 179,895
| 2.4
|-
| [[Turkish language|Turkish]] (and [[Eastern Orthodox|Orthodox Christian]])
|
|
|
|
| 103,642
| 1.7
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[Turkish language|Turkish]] (and [[Muslim]])
|
|
|
|
| 86,506
| 1.4
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[Slavic languages|Slavic]]<sup>3</sup>
|
|
| 300,000- 500,000
| 6.3- 10.6
| 81,984<sup>2</sup>
| 1.3
| 86,086
| 1.2
| 41,017
| 0.5
|-
| [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] (and [[Muslim]])
|
|
|
|
| 16,775
| 0.3
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[Pomak language|Pomak]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 18,086
| 0.2
| 18,671
| 0.2
|-
| "[[Aromanian language|Koutsovlach]]"
|
|
|
|
| 19,703
| 0.3
| 53,997
| 0.7
| 39,855
| 0.5
|-
| [[Albanian language|Albanian]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 49,632
| 0.7
| 22,736<sup>4</sup>
| 0.3
|-
| [[Albanian language|Albanian]]/[[Arvanitika language|Arvanitika]]
| 225,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[Albanian language|Albanian]] (and [[Muslim]])
|
|
|
|
| 18,598
| 0.3
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[Armenian language|Armenian]]
|
|
|
|
| 33,634
| 0.5
| 26,827
| 0.4
| 8,990
| 0.1
|-
| [[Romani language|Roma]]
|
|
|
|
| 4,998
| 0.1
| 8,141
| 0.1
| 7,429
| 0.1
|-
| Russian
|
|
|
|
| 3,295
| 0.1
| 8,126
| 0.1
| 3,815
| 0.1
|-
| French
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 4,518
| 0.1
| 2,101
| 0.0
|-
| [[Romanian language|Romanian]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2,901
| 0.0
| 2,082
| 0.0
|-
| English
|
|
|
|
| 2,098
| 0.0
| 3,529
| 0.0
| 1,456
| 0.0
|-
| [[Ladino language|Spanish]]
|
|
|
|
| 63,200
| 1.0
| 53,125
| 0.7
| 1,339
| 0.0
|-
| German
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 3,401
| 0.0
| 1,301
| 0.0
|-
| Italian
|
|
|
|
| 3,199
| 0.1
| 4,426
| 0.1
| 894
| 0.0
|-
| [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] or [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 34
| 0.0
| 853
| 0.0
|-
| Others
|
|
|
|
| 6,248
| 0.1
| 5,694
| 0.1
| 2,489
| 0.1
|-
| Total
| '''1,679,775'''
|
| '''4,734,990'''
|
| '''6,204,684'''
|
| '''7,344,860'''
|
| '''7,632,801'''
|
|-
| colspan="13" align="left" | Notes:<br> <small><sup>1</sup> Census figures are considered "unreliable".</small><ref>{{cite book |last=Clogg|first=Richard|author-link=Richard Clogg|title=Minorities in Greece: aspects of a plural society |url=https://archive.org/details/minoritiesgreece00clog |url-access=limited |publisher=Hurst & Co |isbn=9781850657064 |page=[https://archive.org/details/minoritiesgreece00clog/page/n67 112] |quote=Census figures are unreliable, and Greece has long since ceased to include linguistic minorities in its census|date=January 2002 }}</ref>
<sup>2</sup><small>The 1928 census figure (81,984) of the Slavic speakers does not reflect their actual strength due to either an official policy or reluctance of the concerned, and perhaps represents a number of speakers, who are lacking Greek national consciousness, while contemporary Greek reports estimate at least 200,000 [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]-speaking inhabitants in the country.</small><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mavrogordatos |first1=George |title=Stillborn republic: social coalitions and party strategies in Greece, 1922–1936 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MbSifRqxM1EC |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=9780520043589 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MbSifRqxM1EC/page/n281 247] |quote=In any event, those of the 1928 Census for the Slavo-Macedonian-speaking population as a whole clearly do not reflect its actual strength, as a result of either official policy, or reluctance on the part of those concerned, or both. Contemporary Greek reports estimate as many as 200,000 "Bulgarian"-speaking inhabitants in Macedonia, of whom no more than 80,000–90,000 are considered to be lacking a Greek national consciousness&nbsp;– a number equivalent to that of the census, perhaps not accidentally. (49. See the reports of P. Demetriades to the Association for the Dissemination of Greek Letters, 13 August 1927 and 23 December 1927, VA File 373. Given the confidential nature and policy orientation of these reports, they should be rated as more reliable than public statements. On the actual number of Slavomacedonians, see also Christidès, pp. 64–65.)|date=January 1983 }}</ref><br>
<sup>3</sup><small> The Slavic figure in the 1928, 1940 and 1951 census is referred to as a Macedonian [[Bulgarian dialects|Bulgarian dialect]] or [[Macedonian language|Macedonian Slavic]].</small><ref name="Angelopoulos"/><ref name=nm/><br>
<sup>4</sup><small> The Albanian figure (22,746) in the 1951 census is considered "certainly too small" and a research in the 1970s indicated a figure of at least 30,000 in [[Attica]] and [[Biotia]] alone.</small><ref name="Ammon2006"/>
|}
Languages spoken in Greece:
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Language
!Classification
!Speaking population
!Spoken by
!Ethnic population
!Region
!Notes
|-
!colspan=7|[[Greek language|Greek]] classification
|-
| [[Cappadocian Greek|Cappadocian]]<ref name="ethnologue21"/>
| IE, Greek, [[Attic Greek|Attic]]
| 2,800 (2015 M. Janse)
| [[Cappadocians]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| [[Mandra]], [[Pikrolimni (municipality)|Neo Agioneri]] and [[Xirochori]]
| More distinct from standard Greek than [[Pontic Greek]]
|-
| [[Cretan Greek|Cretan]]
|
| 600,000
| [[Cretans]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| [[Crete]]
|
|-
| [[Greek language|Greek]]<ref name="ethnologue21"/>
| IE, Greek, [[Attic Greek|Attic]]
| 10,700,000 (2012 European Commission )
| national
| style="text-align:center;" |
| scattered
| Lexical similarity: 84%–93% with Greek in Cyprus
|-
| [[Ancient Greek|Greek, Ancient]]<ref name="ethnologue21"/>
| IE, Greek, [[Attic Greek|Attic]]
| no known [[First language|L1]] speakers
|
| style="text-align:center;" |
| scattered
| religious language
|-
| [[Pontic Greek|Pontic]]<ref name="ethnologue21">{{cite web |editor1-last=Simons|editor1-first=Gary F.|editor2-first=Charles D.|editor2-last=Fennig|date=2018|title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |edition=Twenty-first |location=Dallas, Texas|publisher=SIL International |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/GR/languages |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ethnologue16">{{cite web |editor-last=Lewis|editor-first=M. Paul|date=2009|title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World|edition=Sixteenth|location=Dallas, Texas|publisher=SIL International|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/16/show_country/GR/}}</ref>
| IE, Greek, [[Attic Greek|Attic]]
| 200,000 (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk)- 400,000 (2009 Z. Diakonikolaou)
| [[Pontic Greeks|Pontians]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| [[Macedonia (Greece)|Macedonia]] and [[Epirus]]([[Kilkis (regional unit)|Kilkis]], [[Pella (regional unit)|Pella]], and [[Serres (regional unit)|Serres]]; [[Thessaloniki (regional unit)|Thessaloniki]], [[Drama (regional unit)|Drama]] and [[Imathia]])
| Greek and Pontic speakers reportedly do not understand each other and Pontians do not speak standard Greek
|-
| [[Romano-Greek language|Romano-Greek]]<ref name="ethnologue21"/>
| mixed Greek-[[Romani language|Romani]]
| 30 (2000)
| [[Romani people in Greece|Romani]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| [[Thessaly]], [[Central Greece (geographic region)|Central Greece]]
|Structured on Greek with heavy Romani lexicon
|-
| Sarakatsani
|IE, Greek, [[Doric Greek|Doric]]
| 80,000
| [[Sarakatsani]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| [[Central Greece (geographic region)|Central Greece]], [[Thessaly]], [[Epirus (region)|Epirus]]
|
|-
| [[Tsakonian language|Tsakonian]]<ref name="ethnologue21"/><ref name="ethnologue19">{{cite web |editor1-last= Lewis|editor1-first=M. Paul|editor2-first=Gary F.|editor2-last=Simons|editor3-first=Charles D.|editor3-last=Fennig|date=2016|title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World|edition=Nineteenth|location=Dallas, Texas|publisher=SIL International|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/19/country/GR/languages/ |website=Ethnologue |language=en}}</ref>
| IE, Greek, [[Doric Greek|Doric]]
| 200 (2007 Salminen)-1,500 (2010 M. Kisilier)
| [[Tsakonians]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| Agios Andreas, [[Leonidio]], [[Prastos]], [[Kastanitsa]], [[Melana]], Pramatefti, Sapounakeika, Sitena, and [[Tyros]]
| Not inherently intelligible with modern Greek. Lexical similarity with standard Greek: 70% or less.
|-
!colspan=7|Other languages
|-
| [[Albanian language|Albanian]], [[Arvanitika language|Arvanitika]]<ref name="ethnologue21"/><ref name="Ammon2006">{{cite book|last1=Trudgill|first1=Peter|last2=Schreier|first2=Daniel|author-link1=Peter Trudgill|editor1=Ulrich Ammon|editor2=Norbert Dittmar|editor3=Klaus J. Mattheier|editor4=Peter Trudgill|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1883|title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society|edition=2nd|volume=3|year=2006|chapter=Greece and Cyprus|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-018418-1|pages=1881–1889, esp. p. 1883|access-date=7 February 2017}}</ref>
| IE, [[Albanian language|Albanian]], [[Tosk Albanian|Tosk]]
|50,000 (1993 Lunden, 2007 Salminen)
| [[Arvanites]]
| style="text-align:center;" |150,000
| southern [[Euboea]], [[Salamis Island|Salamis]], [[Boeotia]], [[Attica]], [[Peloponnese]], [[Western Greece]] and the [[Ionian Islands]], [[Thessaly]] and [[Central Greece (geographic region)|Central Greece]], [[Thrace]]
| Heavily influenced by Greek. Christian
|-
| [[Albanian language|Albanian]], [[Tosk Albanian|Tosk]]<ref name="ethnologue21"/>
| IE, [[Albanian language|Albanian]], [[Tosk Albanian|Tosk]]
| 10,000 (2002)
| [[Tosk Albanians]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| [[Epirus]] and [[Western Macedonia]](Central [[Florina (regional unit)|Florina]], into [[Kastoria (regional unit)|Kastoria]], [[Lehovo]])
| Cham Tosk
|-
| Arabic<ref name="ethnologue14">{{cite web |editor-last=Grimes|editor-first=Barbara F.|date=2000|title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World|edition=Fourteenth|location=Dallas, Texas|publisher=SIL International|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_country/Greece/ |website=www.ethnologue.com}}</ref>
| Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South
| 28,000
| [[Arabs in Greece|Arabs]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
|
|
|-
| [[Assyrian Neo-Aramaic]]<ref name="ethnologue14"/>
| Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern
| 2,000
| [[Assyrians in Greece|Assyrians]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
|
|
|-
| [[Western Armenian|Armenian, Western]]<ref name="ethnologue21"/>
| IE, Armenian
| 20,000 (2007)
| [[Armenians in Greece|Armenians]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| scattered, [[Attica]], [[Thessaly]] and [[Central Greece (geographic region)|Central Greece]]
|
|-
| [[Aromanian language|Aromanian]]<ref name="ethnologue15">{{cite web |date=2005 |editor-last=Gordon |editor-first=Raymond G. Jr. |title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/15/show_country/GR/ |publisher=SIL International |edition=Fifteenth |location=Dallas, Texas}}</ref><ref name="ethnologue21"/>
| IE, [[Italic languages|Italic]], [[Romance languages|Romance]], [[Eastern Romance languages|Eastern]]
| 50,000 (1999 Salminen)- 200,000 (1995 Greek Monitor of Human and Minority Rights)
| [[Aromanians]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 700,000 ([[Trâ Armânami Association of French Aromanians]])
| [[Pindus Mountains]], around [[Trikala]], [[Epirus (region)|Epirus]], [[Thessaly]], [[Macedonia (Greece)|Macedonia]]
| Christian
|-
| [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]<ref name="ethnologue20">{{cite web |editor1-last=Simons|editor1-first=Gary F.|editor2-first=Charles D.|editor2-last=Fennig|date=2017|title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World|edition=Twentieth|location=Dallas, Texas|publisher=SIL International|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/20/country/GR/languages/ |website=Ethnologue |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Ammon2006"/>
| IE, [[Balto-Slavic languages|Balto-Slavic]], [[Slavic languages|Slavic]], [[South Slavic languages|South]], [[Eastern South Slavic languages|Eastern]]
| 56,200 (2014), 10–40,000 (Trudgill)
| [[Pomaks]], [[Bulgarians]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| [[Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace|Macedonia and Thrace]]
| [[Pomak language|Pomak]], Muslim
|-
| English<ref name="ethnologue16"/>
| IE, [[Germanic languages|Germanic]], [[West Germanic languages|West]]
| 8,000
|
| style="text-align:center;" |
|
|
|-
| German<ref name="ethnologue21"/>
| IE, [[Germanic languages|Germanic]], [[West Germanic languages|West]]
| [[First language|L1]] users: 10,800 (2011 census), [[Second language|L2]] users: 541,000 (2012 European Commission)
|
| style="text-align:center;" |
|
| L1 users based on nationality
|-
| Greek [[sign language]]<ref name="ethnologue21"/>
| [[Sign language]]
| 5,000 (2014 EUD)- 62,500 (2014 IMB)
| national
| style="text-align:center;" |
| scattered
|
|-
| [[Judeo-Italian languages|Judeo-Italian]]<ref name="ethnologue20"/>
| IE, [[Italic languages|Italic]], [[Romance languages|Romance]], [[Italo-Western languages|Italo-Western]], [[Italo-Dalmatian languages|Italo-Dalmatian]]
| 50 (2007 Salminen)
| [[Jews in Greece|Jews]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| [[Peloponnese]], [[Western Greece]] and the [[Ionian Islands]]
|
|-
| [[Northern Kurdish language|Kurdish, Northern]]<ref name="ethnologue16"/>
| IE, Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish
| 22,500
| [[Kurds]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
|
|
|-
| [[Ladino language|Ladino]]<ref name="ethnologue16"/>
| IE, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Castilian
| 2,000
| [[Jews in Greece|Jews]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
|
|
|-
| [[Megleno-Romanian language|Megleno-Romanian]]<ref name="ethnologue20"/><ref name="ethnologue14"/>
| IE, [[Italic languages|Italic]], [[Romance languages|Romance]], [[Eastern Romance languages|Eastern]]
| 3,000 (2002)- 12,000 (1995)
| [[Megleno-Romanians]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| [[Moglena]]
|
|-
| [[Balkan Romani|Romani, Balkan]]<ref name="ethnologue21"/>
| IE, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Romani
| 40,000 (1996 B. Igla)
| [[Romani people in Greece|Romani]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| [[Attica]]; [[Macedonia (Greece)|Macedonia]], [[Peloponnese]], [[Western Greece]] and the [[Ionian Islands]], [[Epirus]]
| Christian, Muslim
|-
| [[Vlax Romani|Romani, Vlax]]
| IE, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Romani
| 1,000
| [[Romani people in Greece|Romani]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| [[Attica]], [[Thessaly]], [[Central Greece (geographic region)|Central Greece]], [[Epirus]], [[Western Macedonia]]
| Christian
|-
| Russian<ref name="ethnologue16"/>
| IE, [[Balto-Slavic languages|Balto-Slavic]], [[Slavic languages|Slavic]], [[East Slavic languages|East]]
|
| [[Russians in Greece|Russians]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
|
|
|-
| [[Serbian language|Serbian]]<ref name="ethnologue16"/>
| IE, [[Balto-Slavic languages|Balto-Slavic]], [[Slavic languages|Slavic]], [[South Slavic languages|South]], [[Western South Slavic languages|Western]]
|
| [[Serbs in Greece|Serbs]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
|
|
|-
| [[Slavic dialects of Greece|Slavic]]<ref name="ethnologue16"/><ref name="Ammon2006"/><ref name="ethnologue21"/>
| IE, [[Balto-Slavic languages|Balto-Slavic]], [[Slavic languages|Slavic]], [[South Slavic languages|South]], [[Eastern South Slavic languages|Eastern]]
| 60–90,000 (Trudgill), 250,000 (2007 Boskov)
| [[Slavic-speakers of Greek Macedonia]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| [[Macedonia (Greece)|Macedonia]] (mainly [[Florina (regional unit)|Florina]], [[Pella (regional unit)|Pella]] and [[Thessaloniki (regional unit)|Thessaloniki]]; [[Kastoria (regional unit)|Kastoria]], [[Kozani (regional unit)|Kozani]], [[Kilkis (regional unit)|Kilkis]], [[Imathia]], [[Serres (regional unit)|Serres]]), [[Epirus]] ([[Ioannina (regional unit)|Ioannina]])
| Christian
|-
| [[Turkish language|Turkish]]<ref name="ethnologue21"/>
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]], Southern
| 40,000 ([[First language|L1]]: 9,700, [[Second language|L2]]: 30,300, 2014)
| [[Turks in Greece|Turks]], [[Karamanlides]], [[Pomaks]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| [[Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace|Macedonia and Thrace]], [[Aegean Islands|Aegean]]
| Muslim, Christian
|-
| [[Balkan Gagauz Turkish|Turkish, Balkan Gagauz]]<ref name="ethnologue14"/>
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]], Southern
|
| [[Gagauzes]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
|
|
|-
| [[Urum language|Urum]]<ref name="ethnologue16"/>
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]]
|
| [[Urums]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
|
|
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="float: right;"
|+ Religious population in Greece at the 1951 Census<ref name="Clogg2002">{{cite book|last=Clogg|first=Richard|author-link=Richard Clogg|title=Minorities in Greece: Aspects of a Plural Society|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-71s8jEHWJsC&pg=PR11|access-date=7 February 2017|year=2002|publisher=C. Hurst & Co.|isbn=978-1-85065-705-7|page=xi|chapter=Introduction}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" | 7,472,559 (97.9%)
|-
| '''[[Muslim]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" | 112,665 (1.4%)
|-
| '''[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" | 28,430 (0.4%)
|-
| '''[[Protestant]] and other Christian'''
| style="text-align:center;" | 12,677 (0.2%)
|-
| '''Jewish'''
| style="text-align:center;" | 6,325 (0.1%)
|-
! Total
! '''7,632,801'''
|}
According to the [[Constitution of Greece|Greek constitution]], [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox Christianity]] is recognized as the "prevailing religion" in Greece. During the centuries that Greece was part of the [[Ottoman Greece|Ottoman Empire]], besides its spiritual mandate, the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople|Orthodox Church]], based in [[Constantinople]] (present-day [[Istanbul]]), also functioned as an official representative of the Christian population of the empire. The Church is often credited with the preservation of the [[Greek language]], values, and national identity during Ottoman times. The Church was also an important rallying point in the war for independence against the Ottoman Empire, although the official Church in Constantinople initially condemned the breakout of the armed struggle in fear of retaliation from the Ottoman side. The [[Church of Greece]] was established shortly after the formation of a Greek national state. Its authority to this day extends only to the areas included in the independent Greek state before the [[Balkan Wars]] of 1912–1913. There is a [[Muslim minority of Greece|Muslim minority]] concentrated in [[Western Thrace|Thrace]] and officially protected by the [[Treaty of Lausanne (1923)]]. Besides [[Pomaks]] ([[Muslim]] [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]<ref name=bul>{{cite book|editor-last=Gordon|editor-first=Raymond G. Jr|chapter-url=http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=BLG|title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World|chapter=Bulgarian|publisher=SIL International|location=Dallas, Texas|date=2005|edition=15th|access-date=3 January 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116140346/http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=BLG|archive-date=16 January 2009}}</ref> speakers) and [[Romani people|Roma]], it consists mainly of ethnic [[Turkish people|Turks]], who speak [[Turkish language|Turkish]] and receive instruction in Turkish at special government-funded schools. There are also a number of [[Jews in Greece]], most of whom live in [[Thessaloniki]]. There are also some Greeks who adhere to a [[Hellenic Polytheistic Reconstructionism|reconstruction of the ancient Greek religion]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Brabant|first=Malcolm|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6285397.stm|title=Ancient Greek gods' new believers|work=[[BBC News]]|date=21 January 2007|access-date=7 February 2017}}</ref> A place of worship has been recognized as such by court.<ref>{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Helena|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/may/05/greece|title=Greek gods prepare for comeback|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|date=4 May 2006|access-date=24 August 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130830033342/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/may/05/greece|archive-date=30 August 2013}}</ref>
==Education==
{{Main|Education in Greece}}
[[Education in Greece|Greek education]] is free and compulsory for children between the ages of 5 and 15. English study is compulsory from first grade through high school. University education, including books, is also free, contingent upon the student's ability to meet stiff entrance requirements. A high percentage of the student population seeks higher education. More than 100,000 students are registered at [[List of universities in Greece|Greek universities]], and 15% of the population currently holds a university degree. Admission in a university is determined by state-administered exams, the candidate's grade-point average from high school, and his/her priority choices of major. About one in four candidates gains admission to Greek universities.
Greek law does not currently offer official recognition to the graduates of private universities that operate in the country, except for those that offer a degree valid in another [[European Union]] country, which is automatically recognized by reciprocity. As a result, a large and growing number of students are pursuing higher education abroad. The [[Cabinet of Greece|Greek Government]] decides through an evaluation procedure whether to recognize degrees from specific foreign universities as qualification for public sector hiring. Other students attend private, post-secondary educational institutions in Greece that are not recognized by the Greek Government. At the moment extensive public talk is made for the reform of the [[Constitution of Greece|Constitution]] to recognize private higher education in Greece as equal with public and to place common regulations for both.
The number of Greek students studying at European institutions is increasing along with EU support for educational exchange. In addition, nearly 5,000 Greeks are studying in the United States, about half of whom are in graduate school. Greek per capita student representation in the US (one every 2,200) is among the highest in Europe.
==See also==
*[[Demographic history of Greece]]
*[[Turks of Western Thrace]]
*[[Immigration to Greece]]
*[[Minorities in Greece]]
*[[Aging of Europe]]
*[[Albanian immigrants in Greece]]
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note|refs=}}
{{reflist|group=fn|refs=}}
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==External links==
*[http://www.statistics.gr/ General Secretariat of National Statistical Service of Greece] {{in lang|el|en}}
*[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/greece/ The World Factbook]
{{Greece topics}}
{{Demographics of Europe}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Demographics of Greece}}
[[Category:Demographics of Greece| ]]
[[Category:Society of Greece]]