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{{Infobox settlement
| name = Dobrzyca
| settlement_type = Town
| total_type = &nbsp;
| image_skyline = Dobrzyca, pałac (elewacja frontowa).jpg
| image_caption = The museum, palace and park complex
| image_flag = POL Dobrzyca flag.svg
| image_shield = POL Dobrzyca COA.svg
| pushpin_map = Poland
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Greater Poland Voivodeship|Greater Poland]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Powiat|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Pleszew County|Pleszew]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gmina Dobrzyca|Dobrzyca]]
| coordinates = {{coord|51|51|54|N|17|36|7|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Jarosław Pietrzak
| established_title = First mentioned
| established_date = 1327
| established_title2 = Town rights
| established_date2 = 1440 or earlier
| elevation_m = 132
| area_total_km2 = 19.7
| population_as_of = 31 December 2021<ref name="population">{{cite web|url=https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/BDL/dane/teryt/jednostka|title=Local Data Bank|access-date=2022-07-30|publisher=Statistics Poland}} Data for territorial unit 3020034.</ref>
| population_total = 3101
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 63-330
| area_code = +48 62
| blank_name = [[Vehicle registration plates of Poland|Car plates]]
| blank_info = PPL
| website = [https://gminadobrzyca.pl/ gminadobrzyca.pl]
}}
'''Dobrzyca''' {{IPAc-pl|d|o|'|b|ż|y|c|a}} is a [[town]] in [[Pleszew County]], [[Greater Poland Voivodeship]], in west-central Poland. It is the seat of the [[gmina]] (administrative district) called [[Gmina Dobrzyca]].<ref name="TERYT">{{cite web |url=http://www.stat.gov.pl/broker/access/prefile/listPreFiles.jspa |title=Central Statistical Office (GUS) - TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal) |date=2008-06-01 |language=Polish}}</ref> It lies approximately {{convert|13|km|mi|0}} west of [[Pleszew]], {{convert|15|km|mi|0}} southeast of [[Jarocin]], {{convert|25|km|mi|0}} from [[Krotoszyn]], and {{convert|76|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} south-east of the regional capital [[Poznań]]. As of December 2021, the town has a population of 3,101.<ref name = population />
==History==
[[File:Palace in Dobrzyca (73787508).jpg|thumb|left|Gorzeński Palace in the early 20th century]]
As part of the region of [[Greater Poland]], i.e. the cradle of the Polish state, the area formed part of Poland since its establishment in the 10th century. The first written mention of Dobrzyca dates to 1327, when the noble Mikołaj Dobrzycki took possession of the town. In 1440, King [[Władysław III of Poland|Władysław III of Warna]] granted [[town privileges]] to the community. Dobrzyca was a [[private town]], administratively located in the Kalisz County in the [[Kalisz Voivodeship (1314–1793)|Kalisz Voivodeship]] in the [[Greater Poland Province, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Greater Poland Province]].<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Atlas historyczny Polski. Wielkopolska w drugiej połowie XVI wieku. Część I. Mapy, plany|year=2017|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Instytut Historii [[Polish Academy of Sciences|Polskiej Akademii Nauk]]|page=1b}}</ref>
Dobrzyca was destroyed by Swedish troops during the [[Deluge (history)|Swedish invasion]] of 1655–1660. In 1655, [[Hetman]] [[Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski]] led an aristocratic rebellion against King [[John II Casimir Vasa]], using Dobrzyca as a staging area. The rebels had a victory over the royal troops at [[Częstochowa]], but later they withdrew to Greater Poland. The small town had, in the 18th century, no more than 1,000 inhabitants. In 1717, wealthy landed aristocrat Aleksander Gorzeński acquired the town. His grandchild was General Augustyn Gorzeński, aide to King [[Stanisław August Poniatowski|Stanislaus II August Poniatowski]], [[Sejm]] (Polish parliament) delegate and participant in the development of the [[Constitution of May 3, 1791]], which provided stimulation of the urban economy in 1772.
After the [[second partition of Poland]], Dobrzyca came under [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussian]] rule in 1793. Following the successful [[Greater Poland uprising (1806)|Greater Poland uprising]] of 1806, it was regained by Poles and included within the short-lived [[Duchy of Warsaw]]. After the duchy's dissolution, in 1815, it was re-annexed by Prussia. Over the 19th century, there were several rulers and in 1890, the bibliophile Count Zygmunt Czarnecki took over. The town remained the family estate of the Czarnecki family until 1939. The counts connected the town to the railway, increased agriculture and created an agricultural bank. The return to the newly re-formed country of Poland in 1918 brought the establishment of further cooperatives and associations. [[Stanisław Mikołajczyk]], Sejm delegate and later prime minister of the [[Polish government-in-exile]] while it was headquartered in London, was baptised in the town. Dobrzyca lost its town status in 1934, but regained it on 1 January 2014.
After the [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|German occupation of Poland]] during the [[Second World War]], housing cooperatives developed allowing the palace, which had become the town hall, to be converted into a museum. From 1975 to 1998 the town belonged to [[Kalisz Voivodeship (1975-1998)|Kalisz Voivodeship]].
==Sites of interest==
The Gorzeński Palace and the park are tourist destinations in Dobrzyca. Similar palace designs are in numerous in other places in Poland such as [[Gołuchów, Greater Poland Voivodeship|Gołuchów]], 20&nbsp;km east of Dobrzyca, and another at [[Śmiełów]] to the north, where a palace was built by the same aristocratic family.
===Palace===
The palace of Augustyn Gorzeński, designed by [[Stanisław Zawadzki]], was built between 1795 and 1799. It is early classical architecture, which exhibits some late Baroque style characteristics inside. Externally, it combines traditional structural elements of a Polish aristocratic seat with double wings and [[Freemason]] symbolism.
In 1940 to 1941, after the evacuation of the countess Czarnecka and her daughters, the palace was used as a grain storehouse, which contributed to the destruction of the parquet floors. In the postwar years the building served as a primary school. In 1988 it was given over to the National Museum; in 1990 it was restored under a public-private partnership.
===Landscape garden===
The landscaped park is noteworthy; it was developed at the beginning of the 19th century in the English style. It covers two river courses as well as several ponds and channels. The pavilion represents the Roman Pantheon. On an artificial island, there is a summerhouse and exotic plants, and a [[monopteros]] rises from one of the ponds.
<gallery class="center" widths="180px" heights="120px">
Image:Dobrzyca - zespół pałacowy - pałac (3).jpg|<small>The Gorzeński Palace, now a museum, in Dobrzyca.</small>
Image:Dobrzyca, loża masońska (2).jpg|''Pantheon'' in the Park
Image:Dobrzyca, Poland - panoramio (2).jpg|Park and monopteros
Image:OficynaDobrzyca.jpg|Gardener's house, now a library
</gallery>
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons|Pałac w Dobrzycy}}
{{commons}}
* [https://gminadobrzyca.pl/ Official site of Gmina Dobrzyca] {{in lang|pl}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071023211113/http://dobrzyca-muzeum.pl/menu_a.html The Museum: The Palace and Park Complex in Dobrzyca]
{{Gmina Dobrzyca}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Greater Poland Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Palaces in Poland]]