View source for Douze études dans tous les tons mineurs, Opus 39

{{Short description|Romantic composition by Charles-Valentin Alkan}}
{{Infobox musical composition
| name                = {{lang|fr|Douze études dans tous les tons mineurs|italics=no}}
| type                = Piano [[étude]]s
| image               = Charles-Valentin_Alkan,_sitting.jpg
| caption             = Photo of Alkan sitting
| translation         = Twelve Etudes in the Minor Keys
| composer            = [[Charles-Valentin Alkan]]
| opus                = 39
| period              = Romantic period music
| movements           = 12
| published           = {{Start date|1857}}
}}
'''Douze études dans tous les tons mineurs, Opus 39''' (12 studies in the minor keys) is a set of twelve [[Étude|etudes]] in all the minor keys by French-Jewish composer [[Charles-Valentin Alkan]]. The set opens in A minor with [[Comme le vent|Comme Le Vent]] and goes through the [[Circle of fifths|circle of fourths]] until ending on E minor with a theme and variations entitled [[Le festin d'Ésope|Le Festin d’Ésope]]. Published in 1857<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Eddie |first=William Alexander |title=Charles Valentine Alkan His Life and His Music |date=June 21, 2007 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing Company |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-84014-260-0 |location=Aldershot, Hampshire, United Kingdom |pages=11–56 |language=En}}</ref> the set is idiomatic of Alkan's unique style of piano composition, consisting of large almost orchestral sounding chords, fast-paced scale configurations, and insistent rhythmic repetition. A performance of the entire set is roughly two hours with the seventh of the set (the first movement of the famous [[Concerto for Solo Piano (Alkan)|Concerto for solo piano]]) alone being around 30 minutes in length.
== Etudes in the set ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
! Key
|-
| [[Comme le vent|I. ''Comme le vent'']]|| [[A minor]]
|-
| [[En rythme molossique|II. ''En rhytme Molossique'']]|| [[D minor]]
|-style="border-bottom: 2px double"
|[[Scherzo diabolico|III. ''Scherzo-diabolico'']]|| [[G minor]]
|-
|'''[[Symphony for Solo Piano (Alkan)|Symphony for Solo Piano]]'''
|-
|IV. ''Allegro Moderato''|| [[C minor]]
|-
|V. ''Marche funèbre''|| [[F minor]]
|-
|VI. ''Menuet''|| [[Bb minor]]
|-style="border-bottom: 2px double"
| VII. ''Presto''|| [[Eb minor]]
|-
|'''[[Concerto for Solo Piano (Alkan)|Concerto for Solo Piano]]'''
|-
|VIII. ''Allegro Assai''|| [[G-sharp minor|G♯ minor]]
|-
|IX. ''Adagio''|| [[C-sharp minor|C♯ minor]]
|-style="border-bottom: 2px double"|
|X. ''Allegretto alla barbaresca''|| [[F-sharp minor|F♯ minor]]
|-
|[[Overture Alkan|XI. ''Overture'']]|| [[B minor]]
|-
|[[Le festin d'Ésope|XII. ''Le Festin d’Ésope'']]|| [[E minor]]
|}
== History ==
Before his Douze études dans tous les tons mineurs Alkan published a set of twelve major key etudes ([[Douze études dans tous les tons majeurs (Alkan)|Douze études dans tous les tons majeurs, opus 35]]) in 1848, almost a decade before the minor key etudes.<ref name=":0" /> The major key etudes mark the sixth entry into the genre and the first of this scope by Alkan.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=List of works by Charles-Valentin Alkan - IMSLP |url=https://imslp.org/wiki/List_of_works_by_Charles-Valentin_Alkan |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=imslp.org}}</ref> However, the set saw little attention when published possibly due to the [[French Revolution of 1848|Revolution of 1848]] which had firmly upset the musical environment in France, furthermore Alkan's Symphony published 1844 (since lost) and his [[Grande sonate 'Les quatre âges'|Grande Sonata, opus 33]] published later in 1847 remained ignored by the Parisian music scene.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Ronald |title=Alkan: The Man The Music |date=December 31, 2000 |publisher=Kahn and Averill |year=2000 |isbn=978-1871082739 |edition=2nd |location=Amersham, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom |pages=41–51 |language=en}}</ref> These failures mark the beginning of reclusion (a reoccurring theme in Alkans life) from public life coming into full affect when the Polish composer and pianist [[Frédéric Chopin]] died on the 17th of October 1849 leaving Alkan, who was a close friend, extremely distraught and giving up performance even for close friends.<ref name=":0" /> Alkan remained virtually unheard from until 1857 where he remerges suddenly with a flurry of publications all in the same year. These publications included sets of miniatures and marches along with the minor key etudes; it also was the year of publication of his opus 47 sonata for cello and piano.<ref name=":1" /> This output shows that Alkan was not idle during his disappearance but instead extremely active as these minor key etudes alone contain two hundred and seventy-four pages of material.<ref name=":2" />
Though a secular work by Alkan Robert Rimm notes that the theme of the last etudes contains hints of Hasidic dance music showing that his Jewish identity still influenced the creation of the minor key etudes.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rimm |first=Robert |title=The composer-pianists: Hamelin and The Eight |date=2002 |publisher=Amadeus Press |isbn=978-1-57467-072-1 |location=Portland, Or |pages=29}}</ref>
== Recordings of the Complete Set ==
{| class=wikitable
! Pianist !! Album !! Recorded !! Publisher
|-
![[Ronald Smith (musician)|Ronald Smith]]
!Alkan: 12 Studies in the minor keys, Op. 39
!1978
!His Masters Voice (HMV)
|-
![[Jack Gibbons]]
!12 Études Op. 39
!1995
!ASV
|-
!Michael Nanasakov (virtual pianist)
!Alkan: 12 Etudes in all minor keys
!1998
!Nanasawa Articulates
|-
![[Stephanie McCallum]]
!Alkan: Twelve Études in the minor keys, Op. 39
!2006
!ABC Classics
|-
![[Vincenzo Maltempo]]
!Alkan Genius-Enigma (Compilation)
!2015
!Piano Classics
|-
! [[Yui Morishita]]
!Piano Collection 1 ⟪Symphonie⟫<br>Piano Collection 2 ⟪Concerto⟫<br>Piano Collection 3 ⟪Comme Le Vent⟫
!2015<br>2016<br>2017
!ALM Records
|}
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_VW2ms-jpCY Vincenzo Maltempo plays Alkan: 12 Études dans tous les tons mineurs Op 39] - 2 November 2013 in Yokohama, Japan
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=loHn3os04j4 ALKAN 12 Etudes for all Minor Keys, Op.39 - Tony Jen (任俞仲)] - 13 October 2023 in Taipei, Taiwan
{{Charles-Valentin Alkan}}
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[[Category:Compositions by Charles-Valentin Alkan]]