View source for Dumpster

{{Short description|Type of mobile garbage bin}}
[[File:Dumpster-non.JPG|right|thumb|Dumpster awaiting pick-up]]
A '''dumpster''' is a movable [[waste container]] designed to be brought and taken away by a special collection vehicle, or to a bin that a specially designed [[garbage truck]] lifts, empties into its hopper, and lowers, on the spot.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dumpster Meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary |url=http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/american-english/dumpster |access-date=28 December 2023 |website=dictionary.cambridge.org}}</ref><ref name="DictCom">{{cite web |title=the definition of dumpster |url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/dumpster |website= |publisher=Dictionary.com, LLC}}</ref> The word is a [[generic trademark]] of ''Dumpster'', an American brand name for a specific design. Generic usage of ''[[skip (container)|skip]]'', or ''wheelie bin'' may be used in other English speaking countries.<ref name="Stevenson 2010 p. 544">{{cite book |last=Stevenson |first=A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=anecAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA544 |title=Oxford Dictionary of English |publisher=OUP Oxford |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-19-957112-3 |series= |page=544 |access-date=28 December 2023}}</ref><ref name="Ortiz Zezzatti 2012 p. 51">{{cite book | last=Ortiz Zezzatti | first=C.A.O. | title=Logistics Management and Optimization through Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Systems | publisher=Information Science Reference | series=Premier Reference Source | year=2012 | isbn=978-1-4666-0298-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sp3JnjJ6RDcC&pg=PA51 | access-date=3 June 2023 | page=51}}</ref>
==History==
[[File:Roll-Off.jpg|thumb|right|[[Roll-off (dumpster)|Roll-off]] container]]
The word "dumpster", first used commercially in 1936,<ref>"Dumpster", U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, trademark registration 0743745, filed Feb. 6, 1962, registered Jan. 15, 1963.</ref> came from the Dempster-Dumpster system of mechanically loading the contents of standardized containers onto garbage trucks, which was patented by Dempster Brothers in 1935.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US2150821|title=US Patent #2150821|last=Dempster|first=George R.|publisher=Google Patents|access-date=20 November 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.classicrefusetrucks.com/albums/DE/DE01a.html|title=Beginnings: The Dempster Dumpster|date=6 January 2006|publisher=Classic Refuse Trucks DEMPSTER|access-date=20 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220041407/http://www.classicrefusetrucks.com/albums/DE/DE01a.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 February 2011}}</ref> The containers were called ''Dumpsters'', a blending of the company's name with the word ''[[landfill|dump]]''. The Dempster Dumpmaster, which became the first successful front-loading garbage truck that used this system, popularized the word.
The word ''dumpster'' has had at least three trademarks associated with it by Dempster Brothers,<ref>{{US trademark|71662015}}</ref><ref>{{US trademark|72137327}}</ref><ref>{{US trademark|72196260}}</ref> but today it is often used as a [[Generic trademark|genericized trademark]]. All three trademarks have since either been expired or cancelled.<ref>{{Cite web |title=dumpster Trademarks - Justia Trademarks |url=https://trademarks.justia.com/search?q=dumpster |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=trademarks.justia.com}}</ref>
A ''dumpster'' is sometimes considered synonymous with a ''skip''.<ref name="Ortiz Zezzatti 2012 p. 51" /> However, there are functional differences between them. A skip is intended to be loaded onto a vehicle and transported to another location. Dumpsters, in contrast, have their contents emptied into a special vehicle, and are seldom moved from their locations.<ref name="Chandrappa Das 2012" />
==Function==
[[File:Front loading garbage truck loading a dumpster.webm|thumb|right|A dumpster is unloaded by a front-loading garbage truck]]
The main purpose of a dumpster is to store [[garbage]] until it is emptied by a garbage truck for disposal.<ref name="Chandrappa Das 2012">{{cite book | last=Chandrappa | first=R. | last2=Das | first2=D.B. | title=Solid Waste Management: Principles and Practice | publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg | series=Environmental Science and Engineering | year=2012 | isbn=978-3-642-28681-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8c4h3qshpJYC&pg=PA67 | access-date=3 June 2023 | pages=67–70}}</ref> Dumpsters can be used for all kinds of [[waste]], or for [[recycling]] purposes.
Most dumpsters are emptied by front-loading garbage trucks. These trucks have large prongs on the front which are aligned and inserted into arms or slots on the dumpster. [[Hydraulics]] lift the prongs and the dumpster, eventually flipping the dumpster upside-down and emptying its contents into the garbage truck's hopper (storage compartment). Other dumpsters are smaller and are emptied by rear-loading trucks. Dumpsters are typically emptied outside of peak traffic hours.<ref name="Chandrappa Das 2012"/> The frequency at which dumpsters are emptied varies from community to community, often ranging from daily to weekly, depending on the volume of trash generated.<ref name="Stevens 1980 p. ">{{cite book | last=Stevens | first=B.J. | title=Handbook of Municipal Waste Management Systems: Planning and Practice | publisher=Van Nostrand Reinhold | series=Environmental Engineering Series | year=1980 | isbn=978-0-442-23362-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pt26AAAAIAAJ | access-date=3 June 2023 | pages=29, 23, 103}}</ref>
==Types==
{{refimprove|section|date=May 2023}}
Many businesses, apartment buildings, schools, offices, and industrial sites have one or more dumpsters, generally ranging from {{convert|0.5 to 8|cuyd}}, to store the waste that they generate.<ref name="Sinclair Technology & Development Program (U.S.) 1999" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Prime Dumpster: What Size Dumpster Will I Need? |url=https://primedumpster.com/ |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=XDumpster}}</ref>
Waste storage containers can be made from a wide variety of materials, including steel and fiberglass.<ref name="Sinclair Technology & Development Program (U.S.) 1999">{{cite book |last=Sinclair |first=L.A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2wWSjVKONS0C&pg=PA7 |title=Comprehensive Waste Management |author2=Technology & Development Program (U.S.) |publisher=USDA Forest Service, San Dimas Technology & Development Center |year=1999 |page=7 |language=de |access-date=28 December 2023}}</ref> Plastic dumpsters became available in the 1970s.<ref name="Stokes Köster Sambrook 2013 p. 210">{{cite book | last=Stokes | first=R.G. | last2=Köster | first2=R. | last3=Sambrook | first3=S.C. | title=The Business of Waste: Great Britain and Germany, 1945 to the Present | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=2013 | isbn=978-1-107-02721-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaM0AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA210 | access-date=3 June 2023 | page=210}}</ref>
In the United States, {{convert|96|USgal|m3|adj=on}} dumpsters (also known as "roll carts" or "toters") are used by small businesses and homes where a normal bin would be too small, but a regular dumpster would be too large. These are emptied by rear-loading trucks or by side-loading trucks purpose-built for emptying roll carts of this and smaller sizes.<ref name="NEPIS 2008">{{cite web | title=Document Display - US EPA | website=NEPIS | date=12 September 2008 | url=https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/40001087.TXT?ZyActionD=ZyDocument&Client=EPA&Index=1991+Thru+1994&Docs=&Query=&Time=&EndTime=&SearchMethod=1&TocRestrict=n&Toc=&TocEntry=&QField=&QFieldYear=&QFieldMonth=&QFieldDay=&IntQFieldOp=0&ExtQFieldOp=0&XmlQuery=&File=D%3A%5Czyfiles%5CIndex%20Data%5C91thru94%5CTxt%5C00000019%5C40001087.txt&User=ANONYMOUS&Password=anonymous&SortMethod=h%7C-&MaximumDocuments=1&FuzzyDegree=0&ImageQuality=r75g8/r75g8/x150y150g16/i425&Display=hpfr&DefSeekPage=x&SearchBack=ZyActionL&Back=ZyActionS&BackDesc=Results%20page&MaximumPages=1&ZyEntry=1&SeekPage=x&ZyPURL | access-date=3 June 2023}}</ref>
[[Roll-off (dumpster)|''Roll-offs'']], sometimes called roll-off dumpsters or containers or ''open-top'' dumpsters or containers, are larger dumpster trailers ranging from {{convert|10 to 45|cuyd}} and are used at demolition sites, clean-outs, renovations, construction sites, factories, and large businesses. These containers are normally carried by very large trucks with hydraulic arms which load and unload the containers with ease, thus allowing these trucks to place these containers in a relatively unobtrusive position.
Roll-off dumpsters are available in a variety of sizes to fit different situations. The size needed will generally depend on three factors: volume of material, type of material, and location or placement of the dumpster. For example, heavy materials like bricks or stones should be placed in smaller dumpsters so the loaded container does not exceed weight limits for transportation.
==Dumpster diving==
{{main article|Dumpster diving}}
Dumpster diving involves persons voluntarily climbing into a dumpster to find valuables, such as discarded metal scrap, or simply useful items, including food and used clothing. It can also be a method of investigation (e.g., looking for discarded financial records, private papers, or evidence of a crime). Going through garbage containers that are not strictly speaking dumpsters is nevertheless often referred to as dumpster diving.
== Dempster Brothers ==
Dempster Brothers, Inc. of [[Knoxville, Tennessee]], was an industrial firm that made [[Waste collection vehicle|waste collection vehicles]] including the '''Dempster Dumpmaster''' and '''Dempster Dinosaur'''. The firm was originally established by [[George Roby Dempster]] with his brothers Thomas and John Dempster.<ref name="tumblin">{{cite web |last=Tumblin |first=Jim |date=2002 |title=Fountain Citians Who Made a Difference &ndash; George R. Dempster |url=http://www.fountaincitytnhistory.info/People7-Dempster.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101120335/http://www.fountaincitytnhistory.info/People7-Dempster.htm |archive-date=1 January 2011 |access-date=13 October 2023}}</ref>
The company is notable for popularizing the word dumpster in the United States, which eventually became a [[generic trademark]].
== Dempster Dumpmaster ==
The Dempster Dumpmaster, introduced in the 1950s,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Front-End Loaders |url=http://www.tigerdude.com/garbage/frontload/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231062539/http://www.tigerdude.com/garbage/frontload/index.html |archive-date=2014-12-31 |accessdate=2014-12-30 |website=History of refuse collection (or the garbage truck) |publisher=tigerdude.com}}</ref> was the first commercially successful, front-loading [[garbage truck]] in the United States. The product uses the ''Dempster-Dumpster'' system of mechanically emptying standardized metal containers, which had been patented by the company in 1937. It had arms at the front that picked up a dumpster and lifted it over the cab to tip it into the hopper. A rearward-traveling compacting panel compressed the [[garbage]] stored in the truck and was also used to push it out through a door at the back when it was being emptied.
==Gallery==
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| File:Dumpster.jpg
| Three dumpsters in various sizes
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| File:Dumpsters in Anaktuvuk Pass, Alaska.jpg
| Colorful dumpsters painted with slogans|In the remote Iñupiat village of [[Anaktuvuk Pass, Alaska|Anaktuvuk Pass]], dumpsters are painted with slogans that affirm community values.
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==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Dump truck]]
*[[Dumpster diving]]
*[[Dumpster fire]]
*[[Roll-off (dumpster)|Roll-off]]
*[[Shipping container]]
* [[Skip (container)]]
*[[Waste]]
*[[Waste container]]
*[[Waste management]]
*[[Garwood Load Packer]]{{div col end}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{wiktionary}}
{{Commons category|Dumpsters}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dumpster}}
[[Category:Brands that became generic]]
[[Category:Waste containers]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]