View source for Duncan Campbell, 1st Lord Campbell

{{Short description|Scottish nobleman and politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
[[File:Archibald, Duncan, and Colin Campbell - from the Black Book of Taymouth, facing page 9.jpg|thumb|A 16th or 17th century illustration from ''The Black Book of Taymouth'' shows Duncan flanked by two of his descendants. On Duncan's right stands his grandson [[Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll]] and on his left is his son [[Colin Campbell of Glenorchy|Colin of Glenorchy]]. (Description after Boardman, ''The Campbells.'')]]
'''Duncan Campbell, 1st Lord Campbell''' ([[Classical Gaelic]] ''Donnchadh mac Cailein'', and also called '''Donnchadh na-Adh''' ({{langx|en|Duncan the fortunate}}) of [[Loch Awe]], (died 1453), was a Scottish nobleman and politician. He was an important figure in [[Scotland|Scottish]] affairs in the first half of the 15th century and Justiciar of Argyll. He was head of the [[Clan Campbell]] for 40 years.
==Family==
Duncan's date of birth is in 1390 in [[Loch Awe|Lochow]], Argyll.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ancestral File|url=http://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.2.1/MWBN-Z8S|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=7 February 2014}}</ref> He was the son of Colin Campbell of Lochawe,<ref>[[James Balfour Paul|Balfour Paul, Sir James]], ''[[The Scots' Peerage]]'', Edinburgh, 1904, vol.1, pp. 328–330.</ref> and Mariota Campbell. Colin (called Colin Iongantach 'Wonderful', and 'Colin The Good Knight') was the eldest son of [[Archibald Campbell of Lochawe]], while Mariota was the daughter of John Campbell, and thus heiress to the lands of [[Ardscotnish]] and [[Glen Orchy]]. Colin obtained a dispensation by 13 January 1366 permitting the marriage of Mariota to his son John. He evidently changed his plans and married Mariota himself as in 1372 he obtained a second dispensation, this allowing Colin and Mariota to remarry, after a separation, having already married although within the [[prohibited degree of kinship]].<ref>Boardman, ''The Campbells'', pp. 72&ndash;72, 102 & 104; Paul, ''[[The Scots Peerage]]'', Vol I, p. 330.</ref>
Duncan may not have been their eldest son: a brother named John ''Annam'', John the Weak, is said to have been passed over. Duncan was seemingly the chosen heir by 6 February 1393 when he was granted the lands of [[Menstrie]] by his father. On Colin's death, some time before 19 January 1414, Duncan became head of the [[Clan Campbell|Campbells]] of [[Loch Awe]].<ref>Boardman, ''The Campbells'', pp. 104 & 109&ndash;110.</ref>
==Family ties==
Duncan was twice married, his first wife was Marjorie Stewart (sometimes identified as Marcellina Stewart), daughter of [[Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany]], she died before August 1432, but not before giving Duncan a son:
* [[Duke of Argyll#List of title holders|Archibald Campbell, Master of Campbell]], also known as Celestin Campbell, and Gillespic or Gillaspy Campbell (d. 1440); married Elizabeth Somerville, daughter of [[John Somerville, 3rd Lord Somerville]]; Archibald and Elizabeth were the parents of [[Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll|Colin Campbell, 2nd Lord Campbell]] (c. 1433–1493), created [[Duke of Argyll|Earl of Argyll]] in 1457, also known as Colin M'Gillespic.
Duncan's second wife was Margaret Stewart of Ardgowan (d. after August 1442), the daughter of John Stewart of Ardgowan and Blackhall, illegitimate son of King [[Robert III of Scotland]].
With Margaret Duncan the following sons:
*Sir Colin Campbell of Glenurchy, born c. 1406, ancestor of the Breadalbane family.
*Neil Campbell of Ormidale (fl. 1442), from whom it is said the houses of Ormidale and Ellengreig descend; father of a son named Colin.
*Duncan Campbell of Auchinbreck (fl. 1452), said to have been first of the house of Auchinbreck.
*Archibald Campbell (fl. 1452) ancestor of the old family of Otter, now extinct.
Duncan's closeness to the Albany Stewarts led to King [[James I of Scotland]] viewing him with some suspicion, and James sent Duncan south as a hostage in England. The documentary record calls him Campbell of Argyll, and gives his share of the liability for the king's ransom as 1500 [[merk (coin)|merk]]s, more than any other hostage save one.<ref>Boardman, ''The Campbells'', p. 291. William Douglas, heir of the Lord of Dalkeith, was also assessed as liable for 1500 merks. See also Paul, ''[[The Scots Peerage]]'', vol. I, p. 330, where the amount is described as Duncan's income. The value of 1500 Scots merks in English [[Pounds sterling]], in then-current gold coin was some 750 English merks or 500 pounds sterling. The Scots ''demy'' (108 pence Scots money) was considered to be of equal value to the English ''half-noble'' (54 pence English money); Grueber, ''Handbook'', p. 171.</ref> In time Duncan and the king were somewhat reconciled and following James's assassination Duncan was among the supporters of Queen Dowager [[Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scotland|Joan]].
=="The fortunate"==
During the minority of King [[James II of Scotland|James II]], Duncan professed support and loyalty to the regency, while constantly expanding his power in Argyll, often at the expense of the Crown. He was nevertheless knighted before March 1440 and created a [[Lord of Parliament]] as '''Lord Campbell''' of Lochawe by James II in 1445.
==Death==
He died between February 1453 and 21 May 1454, and was buried in the [[collegiate church]] at [[Kilmun]], which he and his wife Margaret Stewart had founded in 1442 (see [[Kilmun Parish Church and Argyll Mausoleum|Kilmun Church]]). Their effigies can still be seen in a niche with a wide cusped arch.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kilmun, St Munn's Parish Church (Church of Scotland) Including Argyll and Douglas Mausolea, Associated Buildings and Graveyard|url=http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/LB5073|website=Historic Environment Scotland|accessdate=22 August 2016}}</ref>
His first successor was Archibald, Master of Campbell; also known as Archibald Roy of Kilbride since he was born in Kilbride, two miles from Inverary. Archibald Roy of Kilbride was the 14th Campbell, the Sixth McCailen More, and 16th Knight of Lochow.<ref>The House of Argyll and the Collateral Branches of the Clan Campbell. p. 32.</ref>
His second son by his wife Margaret, [[Colin Campbell of Glenorchy|Colin]], was the founder of the Campbell of [[Breadalbane, Scotland|Breadalbane]] line ([[Earl of Breadalbane and Holland]]). His other sons by his second marriage, Archibald, Duncan, and Neil, created the Campbell septs of Otter, Auchinbreck, and Ormidale, respectively.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Paul|first1=James Balfour|title=The Scots Peerage|date=1904|publisher=Douglas|location=Edinburgh|page=1:331–32|url=https://archive.org/stream/scotspeeragefoun01pauluoft#page/352/mode/2up|accessdate=22 August 2016}}</ref>
His grandson [[Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll|Colin]], son of Archibald 'Gillespic,' (d. 1440) his only child by his first wife, succeeded him as [[Chief of the Clan Campbell]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Paul|title=The Scots Peerage|page=1:332}}</ref>
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==References==
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation |last=Boardman |first=Stephen |authorlink=Steve Boardman (historian) |contribution=The Tale of Leper John and the Campbell Acquisition of Lorn |editor-last=Cowan |editor-first=E.J. |editor2-last=McDonald |editor2-first=R. Andrew |title=Alba: Celtic Scotland in the Medieval Era |location=East Linton |publisher=Tuckwell |year=2000 |isbn=1-86232-151-5 }}
* {{citation |last=Boardman |first=Stephen |authorlink=Steve Boardman (historian) |title=The Campbells, 1250&ndash;1513 |location=Edinburgh |publisher=John Donald |year=2006 |isbn=0-85976-662-4 }}
* {{citation |last=Grueber |first=Herbert Appold |title=Handbook of the Coins of Great Britain and Ireland in the British Museum |location=London |publisher=The British Museum |year=1899 |url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofcoinso00brituoft }}
* {{citation |last=Paul |first=Sir James Balfour |authorlink=James Balfour Paul |title=The Scots Peerage |volume=1 |year=1904 |location=Edinburgh |publisher=David Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/scotspeeragefoun01pauluoft }}
{{refend}}
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Duke of Argyll|Lord Campbell]]|years=1445–1453}}
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[[Category:14th-century births]]
[[Category:1453 deaths]]
[[Category:Nobility from Argyll and Bute]]
[[Category:Clan Campbell|Duncan Campbell, 1st Lord Campbell]]
[[Category:Medieval Gaels from Scotland]]
[[Category:Scottish landowners]]
[[Category:Lords of Parliament (pre-1707)]]
[[Category:Lords Campbell]]
[[Category:Burials at the Argyll Mausoleum|D]]
[[Category:15th-century Scottish peers]]
[[Category:Peers created by James II of Scotland]]