View source for Dvůr Králové nad Labem

{{use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Dvůr Králové nad Labem
| other_name              =
| settlement_type         = [[Obec|Town]]
<!-- images -->
| image_skyline           = Dvůr Králové nad Labem from air 2.jpg
| image_caption           = Aerial view
| image_flag              = Flag_of_Dvur_Kralove_nad_Labem.svg
| image_shield            = 2019 coat of arms of Dvůr Králové nad Labem.png
<!-- location -->
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = {{CZE}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions of the Czech Republic|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Hradec Králové Region|Hradec Králové]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Districts of the Czech Republic|District]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Trutnov District|Trutnov]]
<!-- maps and coordinates -->
| image_map               =
| map_caption             =
| pushpin_map             = Czech Republic
| pushpin_relief          = 1
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in the Czech Republic
| coordinates             = {{coord|50|25|59|N|15|48|44|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes   =
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| leader_title            = Mayor
| leader_name             = Jan Jarolím
| leader_party            = [[ANO 2011|ANO]]
<!-- established -->
| established_title       = First mentioned
| established_date        = 1270
<!-- area -->
| area_footnotes          =
| area_total_km2          = 35.84
<!-- elevation -->
| elevation_footnotes     =
| elevation_m             = 298
<!-- population -->
| population_as_of        = 2024-01-01
| population_footnotes    = <ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024|url=https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/population-of-municipalities-qexb0dqr2d|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2024-05-17}}</ref>
| population_total        = 15339
| population_density_km2  = auto
<!-- time zone(s) -->
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
<!-- postal codes, area code -->
| postal_code_type        = Postal code
| postal_code             = 544 01
| area_code_type          =
| area_code               =
<!-- website, footnotes -->
| website                 = {{URL|https://www.mudk.cz/}}
| footnotes               =
}}
'''Dvůr Králové nad Labem''' ({{IPA|cs|ˈdvuːr ˈkraːlovɛː ˈnad labɛm}}, {{langx|de|Königinhof an der Elbe}}) is a town in [[Trutnov District]] in the [[Hradec Králové Region]] of the [[Czech Republic]]. It has about 15,000 inhabitants. It lies in the [[Elbe]] river valley. Dvůr Králové nad Labem is known for the [[Safari Park Dvůr Králové]], one of the largest zoos in the country. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an [[Cultural monument (Czech Republic)#Monument zones|urban monument zone]].
==Administrative parts==
[[File:Dvůr-Králové-nad-Labem-náměstí-TGM2017.jpg|thumb|T. G. Masaryka Square]]
The villages of Lipnice, Verdek, Zboží, Žireč and Žirecká Podstráň are administrative parts of Dvůr Králové nad Labem.
==Etymology==
The town's name means "Queen's court on the Elbe". It refers to its history, when it was owned by Bohemian queens, and geographical location. It was originally named Dvůr; the name appeared as ''Curia'' in Latin in 1270, as ''Hof'' in German in 1318, and then as ''Dwuor'' in Old Czech in 1421.<ref name=history>{{cite web |title=History of the town|url=https://www.dvurkralove.cz/en/town/history-of-the-town-2/|publisher=Town Information Centre Dvůr Králové nad Labem|access-date=2021-09-22}}</ref>
==Geography==
Dvůr Králové nad Labem is located about {{convert|16|km|0}} southwest of [[Trutnov]] and {{convert|24|km|abbr=on}} north of [[Hradec Králové]]. It lies mostly in the eastern tip of the [[Jičín Uplands]]; the northern part of the municipal territory extends into the [[Giant Mountains Foothills]]. The highest point is the hill Záleský vrch at {{convert|459|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level. The town is situated on both banks of the [[Elbe]] River, in the river valley.
==History==
The first written mention of Dvůr Králové nad Labem is from 1270. A settlement with a small church was founded as guard point on a military trail to [[Silesia]] probably in the second half of the 12th century. The settlement began to expand with colonization of mostly German people. It is unknown when it was promoted to a town and became a property of the king.<ref name=history/>
In the 14th century, the town was fortified. In 1392, King [[Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia|Wenceslaus IV]] signed the town over to his wife, Queen [[Sophia of Bavaria]]. Since then, it was a [[dowry town]] and called Dvůr Králové. In 1421, the town surrendered without a fight to the moderate wing of the [[Hussites]]. In 1436, it became again a dowry town managed by Queen [[Barbara of Cilli]].<ref name=history/>
During the [[Thirty Years' War]], Dvůr Králové was repeatedly looted and damaged, and experienced decline. It was also marked by [[War of the Austrian Succession]], [[Seven Years' War]] and [[Austro-Prussian War]]. The town however recovered thanks to textile crafts ([[weaving]] and [[dyeing]]), and became regional centre of trade and crafts. The industry further developed after the railway was built in 1858, the road network was improved, and the Elbe became [[Navigability|navigable]]. In the 1880s, the first textile factories were established.<ref name=history/>
Until 1918, the town was part of [[Austria-Hungary]], head of the ''Königshof an der Elbe – Dvůr Králové nad Labem'' District, one of the 94 ''Bezirkshauptmannschaften'' in [[Bohemia]].<ref>Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890, Wilhelm Klein, 1967</ref>
After World War II, the German inhabitants were [[Expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia|expelled]].<ref name=history/>
===Manuscript affair===
On 16 September 1817, [[Václav Hanka]] allegedly discovered a [[manuscript]] appearing to be from the 13th century in the tower of a [[Church of Saint John the Baptist (Dvůr Králové nad Labem)|local church]]. The [[Manuscripts of Dvůr Králové and Zelená Hora|Manuscript of Dvůr Kralové]], probably in fact created by Hanka, was intended to help Czech patriots in the struggle against German culture. Although it has been proved to be most likely a counterfeit, it became an important part of the country's history.<ref name=history/>
==Demographics==
{{historical populations
|align=none|cols=3
|1869|8365
|1880|8902
|1890|10898
|1900|13201
|1910|17766
|1921|15615
|1930|18839
|1950|16083
|1961|16904
|1970|16828
|1980|17911
|1991|16976
|2001|16381
|2011|15754
|2021|14950
|source=Censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/historicky-lexikon-obci-1869-az-2015|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|language=cs|date=2015-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Population Census 2021: Population by sex|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4429&katalog=33515&pvo=SLD21001-OB-OK|work=Public Database|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2021-03-27}}</ref>}}
==Economy==
The largest employer based in Dvůr Králové nad Labem is JUTA a. s. The company was founded here in 1946 as [[jute]] and [[hemp]] processor and followed up on tradition of textile industry. Today it focuses on [[Composite material|technical fabrics]] and synthetic products.<ref>{{cite web |title=O společnosti|url=https://www.juta.cz/juta-a-s|publisher=JUTA a. s.|language=cs|access-date=2021-09-22}}</ref>
==Transport==
Dvůr Králové nad Labem lies on the railway line Liberec–[[Pardubice]].
==Sights==
[[File:John the Baptist church exterior.jpg|thumb|Church of Saint John the Baptist]]
[[File:Kostel,radnice,dvur kralove nad labem.JPG|thumb|Old Town Hall]]
The town is known for [[Safari Park Dvůr Králové]] with its [[Fauna of Africa|African]] safari theme. Visitors may admire over 2,300 animals of 500 species of mostly African hoofstock. It has a reputation of one of the most successful breeders of many endangered species.
Notable is the [[Church of Saint John the Baptist (Dvůr Králové nad Labem)|Church of Saint John the Baptist]], which is a national monument. it was built in the Gothic style on the site of the original Romanesque church. The tower was added in 1644 and its present appearance is from the reconstructions in the 1890s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of St. John the Baptist|url=https://www.dvurkralove.cz/en/tips-for-trips/places-of-interest-in-dvur/church-of-st-john-the-baptist.html|publisher=Town Information Centre Dvůr Králové nad Labem|access-date=2021-09-22}}</ref>
The historic core is formed by T. G. Masaryka Square. Its main landmark is the Renaissance Old Town Hall. It was built in 1833, after the original building from 1572 burned down in 1790. It has [[Arcade (architecture)|arcades]] and decorative façade. Other sights of the square include Art Nouveau savings bank from 1909–1910, Baroque marian column from 1754, and a fountain from 1857.<ref>{{cite web |title=Town Circuit|url=https://www.dvurkralove.cz/en/tips-for-trips/town-circuit.html|publisher=Town Information Centre Dvůr Králové nad Labem|access-date=2021-09-22}}</ref>
In the town part of Žireč there is an old residence of the [[Jesuits]].
==Notable people==
{{Category see also|People from Dvůr Králové nad Labem}}
*[[Ferdinand Albin Pax]] (1858–1942), botanist, acted in Germany
*[[Otto Gutfreund]] (1889–1927), Jewish sculptor
*[[Karl Freund]] (1890–1969), Jewish cameraman of the silent film era
*[[Rudolf Antonín Dvorský]] (1899–1966), musician, songwriter
*[[Jan Zdeněk Bartoš]] (1908–1981), composer
*[[Ladislav Lubina]] (1967–2021), ice hockey player and coach
*[[Martin Šonka]] (born 1978), aerobatics and fighter pilot
*[[Gabriela Martinovová]] (born 1981), alpine skier
*[[Karolína Grohová]] (born 1990), cross-country skier
*[[Josef Král]] (born 1990), racing driver
==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in the Czech Republic}}
Dvůr Králové nad Labem is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Partnerská města|url=https://www.mudk.cz/cs/mesto/partnerske-vztahy/partnerska-mesta/|publisher=Město Dvůr Králové nad Labem|language=cs|access-date=2021-09-22}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Kamienna Góra]], Poland
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Piegaro]], Italy
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Verneuil-en-Halatte]], France
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons category|Dvůr Králové nad Labem}}
{{wikisourcecat}}
*{{official|https://www.mudk.cz/}}
*[https://www.dvurkralove.cz/en/ Official tourist portal]
*[https://safaripark.cz/ Safari Park Dvůr Králové]
*[https://www.kralovedvorsko.cz/ Regional news]
*{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Königinhof|short=x}}
*[http://www.virtualczech.cz/kraj-kralovehradecky/182-dvur-kralove Virtual show]
{{Trutnov District}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dvur Kralove nad Labem}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Populated places in Trutnov District]]
[[Category:Populated riverside places in the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Elbe]]