View source for EN80

{{Short description|Tram formerly operated by Warsaw Commuter Railway}}
{{Infobox train
| name               = EN80
| image              = EKD EN80 (5).jpg
| caption            = A preserved EN80 near [[Podkowa Leśna]]
| stocktype          = [[Railcar|Electric railcar]]
| service            = {{start date|1927}} &ndash; {{end date|1972}}
| manufacturer       = [[English Electric]] (1927) <br /> [[Konstal]] (1948)
| yearconstruction   = 1927, 1948
| yearservice        = 1927&ndash;1972
| numberbuilt        = 52
| successor          = [[Pafawag 101N]]
| capacity           = 68 (railcar) <br /> 77 (trailer)
| operator           = [[Warsaw Commuter Railway]]
| carbody            =
| trainlength        = {{convert|13400|mm|in|abbr=on}}
| width              = {{convert|2250|mm|in|abbr=on}}
| height             = {{convert|3327|mm|in|abbr=on}}
| wheeldiameter      = {{convert|851|mm|in|abbr=on}}
| maxspeed           = 85
| weight             = Railcar: {{convert|23.1|t|ST|abbr=on}} <br /> Trailer: {{convert|14.1|t|ST|abbr=on}}
| enginetype         = English Electric: DK-31 <br /> Konstal Chorzów: Crompton C-123
| poweroutput        = English Electric: 4×36 kW <br /> Konstal Chorzów: 4×45 kW
| electricsystem     = 600 V [[Direct current|DC]]
| brakes             = Electric [[Kunze–Knorr brake]]s
| seating            = 38
| gauge              = [[Standard gauge]]
}}
'''EN80''' was a series of [[standard-gauge]] [[railcar|electric railcar]]s and [[trailer (vehicle)|trailer]]s operated by the [[Warsaw Commuter Railway]] from 1927 to 1972. 20 railcars and trailers were built in 1927 by [[English Electric]]. They were all repaired by [[Konstal]] after [[World War II]], with the addition of 12 new trailers to the fleet.
== Genesis and production ==
After the [[Warsaw Commuter Railway]] ({{langx|pl|Warszawska Kolej Dojazdowa}}, WKD), then known as the Electric Commuter Railway, was built in the 1920s, the owners of the railway turned to [[English Electric]], a British company, in order to produce the first [[standard-gauge]] tram to serve this route, as this was the first standard-gauge railway in Poland and no Polish trains could serve on it due to the gauge discrepancy.<ref name = ":2">{{cite web |url=http://greenstone.ikolej.pl:8282/greenstone/collect/artykuyp/index/assoc/HASH0192.dir/doc.pdf |title=Rola WKD w transporcie aglomeracji warszawskiej |last=Sekita |first=Halina |website=ikolej.pl |publisher=PKP |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313193305/http://greenstone.ikolej.pl:8282/greenstone/collect/artykuyp/index/assoc/HASH0192.dir/doc.pdf |access-date=15 June 2024|archive-date=2015-03-13 }}</ref>
English Electric complied. In 1927, it built 20 railcars and 20 trailers for the WKD. They were delivered to Poland before the line was opened, on 11 December 1927.<ref name = ":0">{{cite book |last=Terczyński |first=Paweł |date=2007 |title=Atlas lokomotyw 2007 |publisher=Poznański Klub Modelarzy Kolejowych |page=94 |isbn=978-83-920757-7-6}}</ref> After World War II, the rolling stock was rebuilt by [[Konstal]] in Chorzów. This was accompanied by 12 new trailers, built in 1948. The new EN80s were equipped with 45kW engines.<ref name = ":0" />
== Design ==
EN80 series trams were built of [[oak]] and [[pine]] timber.<ref name = ":1">{{cite journal |last1=Łęgowski |first1=Ireneusz |title=Ocalić od zapomnienia... |journal=Świat Kolei |issue=3/1995 |pages=29 |issn=1234-5962}}</ref> The interiors were composed of large oak benches, with a total capacity of 38 passengers. They were accompanied by small tables.<ref name = ":2" /> The electric railcars included cabs on both sides, equipped with basic equipment.<ref name = ":1" />
Each of the EN80 railcars was equipped with two [[bogies]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kaczorowski |first1=Stanisław |title= Historycznym EN80 do Podkowy Leśnej |journal=Technika Transportu Szynowego |issue=4/1995 |pages=13}}</ref><ref name = ":3">{{cite book |last=Tyszko |first=Zbigniew |date=2006 |title=Elektryfikacja PKP na przełomie wieków XX i XXI. W siedemdziesiątą rocznicę elektryfikacji PKP. |publisher=Z.P. Poligrafia |page=58 |isbn=978-83-922944-6-7}}</ref> The wheels on the train had a diameter of {{convert|851|mm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name = ":2" /> The tram relied on [[overhead line]]s to provide a supply of 600 [[volt|V]] of electricity through its [[pantograph (transport)|pantograph]].<ref name = ":3" />
== Service history ==
The railcars, arriving on 11 December 1927 in Poland, served the route from [[Warsaw]] to [[Grodzisk Mazowiecki]], as well as the slower routes to [[Włochy]] and [[Milanówek]], built in the 1930s.<ref name = ":0" /> Prior to the start of [[World War II]], the WKD became increasingly crowded. In 1939, WKD railcars carried a daily load of 40,000 passengers. Although most EN80s remained operational throughout the war, during the [[Warsaw Uprising]] and the [[Red Army]]'s approach to Warsaw, [[General Government]] authorities began destroying units en masse.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Malinowski |first1=Romuald |title=50 lat pracy linii WKD Warszawa – Grodzisk Mazowiecki 1927-1977 |journal=Trakcja I Wagony |issue=7/1978 |pages=93&ndash;93}}</ref> After the war had ended, by 16 May 1945, only 25 EN80s remained.<ref name = ":3" />
In order to fill the gap left in the EN80 fleet by the destruction, in 1948, [[Konstal]]'s factory in [[Chorzów]] built 12 new trailers; all existing EN80s were also rebuilt.<ref name = ":0" /> In 1951, after the WKD was rebranded, it had 20 railcars and 30 trailers in its inventory.<ref name = ":3" /> The introduction of the [[Pafawag 101N]]a in 1972 resulted in the rapid retirement of EN80 trains; the last railcar was retired on 1 March 1973.<ref name = ":3" /> One railcar, EN-16s, remains in the WKD's headquarters.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Terczyński |first1=Paweł |title=Wukadka |url= |journal=Świat Kolei |issue=6/2016 |pages=3 |issn=1234-5962}}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[Warsaw Commuter Railway#Rolling Stock|Warsaw Commuter Railway § Rolling stock]]
* [[Pafawag 101N]]
== References ==
<references />
{{PKP Locomotives}}
[[Category:600 V DC multiple units]]
[[Category:Railcars of Poland]]
[[Category:Train-related introductions in 1927]]