View source for Elaenia

{{Short description|Genus of birds}}
{{For|the Floating Points album|Elaenia (album)}}
{{automatic taxobox
| image = Flickr - Dario Sanches - GUARACAVA-DE-BARRIGA-AMARELA (Elaenia flavogaster).jpg
| image_caption = [[Yellow-bellied elaenia]]  (''Elaenia flavogaster'')
| taxon = Elaenia
| authority = [[Carl Jakob Sundevall|Sundevall]], 1836
| type_species = ''[[Yellow-bellied elaenia|Muscicapa pagana]]''<ref name=HM4>{{cite web |url= https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=107 |title= Tyrannidae |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= aviansystematics.org |publisher= The Trust for Avian Systematics |access-date= 2023-07-16}}</ref> = ''Pipra flavogaster''
| type_species_authority = Sundevall, 1836
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = see text
}}
'''''Elaenia''''' is a genus of  [[passerine]] [[bird]]s in the [[tyrant flycatcher]] family which occur in [[Mexico]], the [[Caribbean]], and [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]]. Except by voice, specific identification is often difficult since many species are very similar. They are also known by the common name elaenia, which they share with the similar tyrant flycatchers of the genus ''[[Myiopagis]]''.
''Elaenia'' flycatchers are typically brownish, greyish or olive above, and off-white and/or pale yellow on the belly, with a white or pale yellowish eye-ring of variable strength and two or three wing bars. Some species show a crest; often with a semi-concealed white patch/streak.
==Taxonomy==
The genus ''Elaenia'' was introduced by the Swedish zoologist [[Carl Jakob Sundevall]] in 1836.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Sundevall | first=Carl Jakob | author-link=Carl Jakob Sundevall | year=1836 | title=''Elaenia'' | journal=Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar | language=Latin | series=series 3 | volume=23 | page=89 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34523901 }}</ref> The [[type species]] was subsequently designated as the [[yellow-bellied elaenia]].<ref>{{ cite book | editor-last=Traylor | editor-first=Melvin A. Jr | author-link=Melvin Alvah Traylor Jr. | year=1979 | title=Check-list of Birds of the World | volume=8 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology  | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts  | pages=26–27 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14500803 }}</ref> The name of the genus is from the [[Ancient Greek]] ελαινεος ''elaineos'' "of olive-oil" or "oleaginous".<ref name=hbwkey>{{cite web | last=Jobling | first=J.A. | year=2018 | title= Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology | editor1-last=del Hoyo | editor1-first=J. | editor2-last=Elliott | editor2-first=A. | editor3-last=Sargatal | editor3-first=J. | editor4-last=Christie | editor4-first=D.A. | editor5-last=de Juana | editor5-first=E. | work=Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive | publisher=Lynx Edicions | url=https://www.hbw.com/dictionary/definition/elaenia | accessdate=1 July 2018 }}</ref>
The genus contains 22 species:<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2018 | title=Tyrant flycatchers | work=World Bird List Version 8.2 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/flycatchers/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | accessdate=1 July 2018 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Scientific name !! Common Name !! Distribution
|-
|[[File:Elaenia flavogaster1.jpg|120px]] ||[[Yellow-bellied elaenia]]|| ''Elaenia flavogaster''|| Central and South America as far as northern Argentina, and on Trinidad and Tobago.
|-
|[[File:Caribbean Elaenia.jpg|120px]] ||[[Caribbean elaenia]]|| ''Elaenia martinica''|| West Indies and parts of Central America.
|-
|[[File:Elaenia spectabilis-Large Elaenia.JPG|120px]] ||[[Large elaenia]]|| ''Elaenia spectabilis''||western Amazonia to eastern Brazil and central Bolivia.
|-
|[[File:Elaenia ridleyana.jpg|120px]] ||[[Noronha elaenia]]|| ''Elaenia ridleyana''||Fernando de Noronha
|-
|[[File:White-crested Elaenia (Elaenia albiceps) (15934867376).jpg|120px]] ||[[White-crested elaenia]]|| ''Elaenia albiceps''||Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and northernmost Chile.
|-
|[[File:Elaenia albiceps chilensis.jpg|120px]] || [[Chilean elaenia]]|| ''Elaenia chilensis'' ||southern Bolivia to Tierra del Fuego.
|-
|[[File:Elaenia parvirostris -Piraju, Sao Paulo, Brazil-8.jpg|120px]] ||[[Small-billed elaenia]]|| ''Elaenia parvirostris''||Argentina, Aruba, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Netherlands Antilles, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, and Venezuela.
|-
|[[File:Olivaceous elaenia (cropped).jpg|120px]] || [[Olivaceous elaenia]]|| ''Elaenia mesoleuca''|| Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
|-
|[[File:Elaenia strepera 201366841.jpg|120px]] || [[Slaty elaenia]]|| ''Elaenia strepera''||western Amazon Basin, Colombia and Venezuela.
|-
|[[File:Elaenia gigas - Mottle-backed elaenia.jpg|120px]] || [[Mottle-backed elaenia]]|| ''Elaenia gigas''|| Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
|-
|[[File:Elaenia pelzelni - Brownish elaenia, Iranduba, Amazonas, Brazil.jpg|120px]] || [[Brownish elaenia]]|| ''Elaenia pelzelni''||Brazil,  Peru, Colombia, and Bolivia.
|-
|[[File:Elaenia cristata - Plain-crested elaenia; Serra da Canastra National Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil.jpg|120px]] || [[Plain-crested elaenia]]|| ''Elaenia cristata''||Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
|-
|[[File:Lesser elaenia (Elaenia chiriquensis chiriquensis).jpg|120px]] ||[[Lesser elaenia]]|| ''Elaenia chiriquensis''|| Argentina, Aruba, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Netherlands Antilles, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.
|-
| || [[Coopmans's elaenia]]|| ''Elaenia brachyptera''||southwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador.
|-
|[[File:Elaenia ruficeps - Rufous-crowned Elaenia (cropped).jpg|120px]] || [[Rufous-crowned elaenia]]|| ''Elaenia ruficeps''||Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.
|-
|[[File:Elaenia frantzii Elaenia montañera Mountain Elaenia (11280238045).jpg|120px]] || [[Mountain elaenia]]|| ''Elaenia frantzii''|| Guatemala to Colombia and western Venezuela
|-
|[[File:Tucão (Elaenia obscura) - Highland Elaenia.jpg|120px]] || [[Highland elaenia]]|| ''Elaenia obscura''||southeastern Ecuador to Bolivia and northwestern Argentina
|-
|[[File:Elaenia obscura sordida - Highland elaenia; Bertioga, São Paulo, Brazil.jpg|120px]] || [[Small-headed elaenia]]|| ''Elaenia sordida''|| southeastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina.
|-
| ||[[Great elaenia]]|| ''Elaenia dayi''||Venezuela and far northern Brazil, and may also occur in Guyana.
|-
|[[File:Sierran Elaenia - South Ecuador.jpg|120px]] ||[[Sierran elaenia]]|| ''Elaenia pallatangae''|| Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, and Venezuela.
|-
|[[File:ElaineaOlivinaSmit.jpg|120px]] ||[[Tepui elaenia]]|| ''Elaenia olivina''||Guyana and Venezuela
|-
|[[File:Greater Antillean Elaenia (Elaenia fallax) (8082788028).jpg|120px]] || [[Greater Antillean elaenia]]|| ''Elaenia fallax''|| Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti) and Jamaica.
|-
|}
==See also==
*''[[Myiopagis]]'', another genus of tyrant flycatchers commonly known as elaenias
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
*Hilty, Steven L. (2003): ''Birds of Venezuela''. [[Helm Identification Guides|Christopher Helm]], London. <small>{{ISBN|0-7136-6418-5}}</small>
*Stiles, F. Gary & Skutch, Alexander Frank (1989): ''A guide to the birds of Costa Rica''. Comistock, Ithaca. <small>{{ISBN|0-8014-9600-4}}</small>
{{refend}}
{{Passeriformes|T.|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q988634}}
[[Category:Elaenia| ]]
[[Category:Bird genera]]
[[Category:Higher-level bird taxa restricted to the Neotropics]]
{{Tyrannidae-stub}}