View source for Elafin

{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc}}
{{Short description|Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens}}
{{Infobox_gene}}
'''Elafin''', also known as '''peptidase inhibitor 3''' or '''skin-derived antileukoprotease''' ('''SKALP'''), is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''PI3'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid8287685">{{cite journal | vauthors = Molhuizen HO, Zeeuwen PL, Olde Weghuis D, Geurts van Kessel A, Schalkwijk J | title = Assignment of the human gene encoding the epidermal serine proteinase inhibitor SKALP (PI3) to chromosome region 20q12→q13 | journal = Cytogenet Cell Genet | volume = 66 | issue = 2 | pages = 129–31 |date=Feb 1994 | pmid = 8287685 | doi =  10.1159/000133683}}</ref><ref name="pmid12206714">{{cite journal | vauthors = Clauss A, Lilja H, Lundwall A | title = A locus on human chromosome 20 contains several genes expressing protease inhibitor domains with homology to whey acidic protein | journal = Biochem J | volume = 368 | issue = Pt 1 | pages = 233–42 |date=Nov 2002 | pmid = 12206714 | pmc = 1222987 | doi = 10.1042/BJ20020869 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PI3 peptidase inhibitor 3, skin-derived (SKALP)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5266}}</ref>
== Function ==
This gene encodes an [[elastase]]-specific [[Protease inhibitor (biology)|protease inhibitor]], which contains a WAP-type four-disulfide core (WFDC) domain, and is thus a member of the [[WFDC domain]] family. Most WFDC gene members are localized to [[chromosome 20]]q12-q13 in two clusters: centromeric and telomeric. This gene belongs to the centromeric cluster.<ref name="entrez"/>
== Clinical significance ==
Elafin has been found to have utility in serving as a biomarker for graft versus host disease of the skin.<ref name="Paczesny_2009">{{cite journal | vauthors =  Paczesny S, Levine JE, Hogan J, Crawford J, Braun TM, Wang H, Faca V, Zhang Q, Pitteri S, Chin A, Choi SW, Kitko CL, Krijanovski OI, Reddy P, Mineishi S, Whitfield J, Jones S, Hanash SM, ((Ferrara JLM)) | title = [Elafin is a Biomarker of Graft Versus Host Disease of the Skin | journal = Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation | volume = 15 | issue = 2 Suppl 1 | pages = 13–14 |date=February 2009 | doi = 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.12.039 | pmc = 2895410 | pmid=20371463}}</ref>
Elafin plays some role in gut inflammation.
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/health/la-xpm-2012-nov-01-la-heb-engineered-bacteria-crohns-and-colitis-20121031-story.html|title = Archives| website=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=November 2012 }}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Sallenave JM |title=The role of secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor and elafin (elastase-specific inhibitor/skin-derived antileukoprotease) as alarm antiproteinases in inflammatory lung disease. |journal=Respir. Res. |volume=1 |issue= 2 |pages= 87–92 |year= 2003 |pmid= 11667971 |doi=10.1186/rr18 |pmc=59548 |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Saheki T, Ito F, Hagiwara H |title=Primary structure of the human elafin precursor preproelafin deduced from the nucleotide sequence of its gene and the presence of unique repetitive sequences in the prosegment. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=185 |issue= 1 |pages= 240–5 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1339270 |doi=10.1016/S0006-291X(05)80981-7  |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Sallenave JM, Marsden MD, Ryle AP |title=Isolation of elafin and elastase-specific inhibitor (ESI) from bronchial secretions. Evidence of sequence homology and immunological cross-reactivity. |journal=Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler |volume=373 |issue= 1 |pages= 27–33 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1536690 |doi=  10.1515/bchm3.1992.373.1.27}}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Chang A, Schalkwijk J, Happle R, van de Kerkhof PC |title=Elastase-inhibiting activity in scaling skin disorders. |journal=Acta Derm. Venereol. |volume=70 |issue= 2 |pages= 147–51 |year= 1990 |doi=10.2340/0001555570147151 |pmid= 1969201 |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Schalkwijk J, de Roo C, de Jongh GJ |title=Skin-derived antileukoproteinase (SKALP), an elastase inhibitor from human keratinocytes. Purification and biochemical properties. |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1096 |issue= 2 |pages= 148–54 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2001428 |doi=  10.1016/0925-4439(91)90053-c}}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Sallenave JM, Ryle AP |title=Purification and characterization of elastase-specific inhibitor. Sequence homology with mucus proteinase inhibitor. |journal=Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler |volume=372 |issue= 1 |pages= 13–21 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2039600 |doi=  10.1515/bchm3.1991.372.1.13}}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Wiedow O, Schröder JM, Gregory H |title=Elafin: an elastase-specific inhibitor of human skin. Purification, characterization, and complete amino acid sequence. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=265 |issue= 25 |pages= 14791–5 |year= 1990 |doi=10.1016/S0021-9258(18)77182-2 |pmid= 2394696 |display-authors=etal|doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Molhuizen HO, Alkemade HA, Zeeuwen PL |title=SKALP/elafin: an elastase inhibitor from cultured human keratinocytes. Purification, cDNA sequence, and evidence for transglutaminase cross-linking. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=268 |issue= 16 |pages= 12028–32 |year= 1993 |doi=10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50303-9 |pmid= 7685029 |display-authors=etal|doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Zhang M, Zou Z, Maass N, Sager R |title=Differential expression of elafin in human normal mammary epithelial cells and carcinomas is regulated at the transcriptional level. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=55 |issue= 12 |pages= 2537–41 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7780965 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Sallenave JM, Silva A |title=Characterization and gene sequence of the precursor of elafin, an elastase-specific inhibitor in bronchial secretions. |journal=Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. |volume=8 |issue= 4 |pages= 439–45 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8476637 |doi=  10.1165/ajrcmb/8.4.439}}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Tsunemi M, Matsuura Y, Sakakibara S, Katsube Y |title=Crystal structure of an elastase-specific inhibitor elafin complexed with porcine pancreatic elastase determined at 1.9 A resolution. |journal=Biochemistry |volume=35 |issue= 36 |pages= 11570–6 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8794736 |doi= 10.1021/bi960900l }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Pfundt R, van Ruissen F, van Vlijmen-Willems IM |title=Constitutive and inducible expression of SKALP/elafin provides anti-elastase defense in human epithelia. |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=98 |issue= 6 |pages= 1389–99 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8823304 |doi=10.1172/JCI118926 |pmc=507565|display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Steinert PM, Marekov LN |title=Direct evidence that involucrin is a major early isopeptide cross-linked component of the keratinocyte cornified cell envelope. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=272 |issue= 3 |pages= 2021–30 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8999895 |doi=10.1074/jbc.272.3.2021  |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Francart C, Dauchez M, Alix AJ, Lippens G |title=Solution structure of R-elafin, a specific inhibitor of elastase. |journal=J. Mol. Biol. |volume=268 |issue= 3 |pages= 666–77 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9171290 |doi= 10.1006/jmbi.1997.0983 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Kuijpers AL, Pfundt R, Zeeuwen PL |title=SKALP/elafin gene polymorphisms are not associated with pustular forms of psoriasis. |journal=Clin. Genet. |volume=54 |issue= 1 |pages= 96–101 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9727750 |doi= 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1998.tb03703.x |s2cid=34775360 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Mihaila A, Tremblay GM |title=Human alveolar macrophages express elafin and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor. |journal=Z. Naturforsch. C |volume=56 |issue= 3–4 |pages= 291–7 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11371023 |doi=  10.1515/znc-2001-3-420|s2cid=29205936 |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Simpson AJ, Wallace WA, Marsden ME |title=Adenoviral augmentation of elafin protects the lung against acute injury mediated by activated neutrophils and bacterial infection. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=167 |issue= 3 |pages= 1778–86 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11466403 |doi=  10.4049/jimmunol.167.3.1778|display-authors=etal|doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Sumi Y, Inoue N, Azumi H |title=Expression of tissue transglutaminase and elafin in human coronary artery: implication for plaque instability. |journal=Atherosclerosis |volume=160 |issue= 1 |pages= 31–9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11755920 |doi=10.1016/S0021-9150(01)00542-1  |display-authors=etal}}
{{refend}}
== External links ==
* {{PDBe-KB2|P19957|Elafin}}
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=5266}}
{{gene-20-stub}}