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{{Short description|German noble family}}
{{about|the German noble family}}
[[File:Eltz-Wappen.png|thumb|Coat of arms]]
The '''House of Eltz''' is a noted [[German nobility|German noble family]], belonging to the ''[[Uradel]]''. The [[Rhineland|Rhenish]] dynasty has had close ties to the [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia]] since 1736.
==History==
Though older sources mentioned one Eberhard zu Eltz, a [[Francia|Frankish]] citizen of [[Trier]] in the late 7th century, the otherwise first recorded instance of the name occurred in 1157, when Rudolph zu Eltz was mentioned as witness to the donation of a property deed by Emperor [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Fredrick Barbarossa]]. At that time, Eltz lived in a small manor on the banks of the [[Elzbach|River Elz]], a tributary of the [[Moselle (river)|Moselle]], in what is now the German state of [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. The family members had been [[Ministerialis|ministeriales]] and loyal supporters of the Imperial [[House of Hohenstaufen|Hohenstaufen dynasty]]. In the early 14th century they inherited the ''[[Vogt]]ei'' over Rübenach near [[Koblenz]], a possession of [[St. Maximin's Abbey, Trier|Imperial Abbey of St Maximin]] at Trier. [[Eltz Castle]] was built in the early 12th century on a site that held a 9th-century manor house with a simple earthwork [[palisade]].<ref>de Fabianis, p. 135</ref> Before 1268 three brothers shared the ownership of the castle and it was kept jointly by their descendants, the Kempenich, Rodendorf and Rübenach branches until 1815 when it was taken over by the Kempenich branch, which still owns it today.
[[File:Burg Eltz HDR.jpg|thumb|left|[[Eltz Castle]], owned by the family since before 1157]]
From 1331 until 1336 the Eltz were stuck in a fierce feud with mighty [[Baldwin of Luxembourg]], then [[Electorate of Trier|Elector and Prince-Archbishop of Trier]] enforcing his acknowledgement as their suzerain, whereafter the Eltz family remained vassals of the Trier archbishops. In 1324 [[Pope John XXII]] had appointed Canon Arnold von Eltz [[Bishopric of Cammin|Prince-Bishop of Cammin]] in [[Pomerania]] against the resistance of King [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Louis IV]]. Robin von Eltz served as Master of the [[Livonian Order]] from 1385 until 1389. Canon Jakob zu Eltz was elected Prince-Archbishop of Trier in 1567; he was one of the strongest champions of the [[Counter-Reformation]] and allied himself with the [[Jesuits]] in opposing [[Lutheran]] and [[Calvinist]] influence in the region.
In 1624, Hans Jakob zu Eltz was given the hereditary office of [[Field Marshal]] for the Electorate of Trier. This made him the supreme military commander of the region in time of war, including leader of the vassals on this important region of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. The Eltz family, [[Imperial Knight]]s since 1729, reached their greatest influence with [[Philipp Karl von Eltz-Kempenich]], from 1732 [[Archbishopric of Mainz|Prince Elector and Archbishop of Mainz]] and German [[Archchancellor]], making him the most noble and one of the most powerful [[Catholic]] princes north of the [[Alps]]. As a result of their service throughout the troubles of the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] and during the wars against the [[Ottoman Empire]], the elder line of Eltz were awarded the title of ''[[Graf|Reichsgrafen]]'' (Counts of the Empire) by the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] Emperor [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VI]] in 1733 in [[Vienna]]. The additional "Great Palatinate" privilege entitled the Eltz lords to knight others in the name of the Emperor, select notaries public, [[Wiktionary: legitimate|legitimate]] illegitimate children, confer coats of arms and crests, appoint judges and clerks, and release serfs from service.
In 1736 Archbishop Philipp Karl von Eltz had acquired the Lordship of [[Vukovar]] in eastern [[Kingdom of Slavonia|Slavonia]] (present-day [[Croatia]]) affiliated with the [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungarian]] nobility. From 1749 onwards his heirs had [[Eltz Manor]] erected, the main residence of the Grafen von und zu Eltz until the family was expelled by the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslav]] [[communist]] regime in 1945. After Croatia [[Croatian War of Independence|declared independence]] from Yugoslavia, [[Jakob Eltz]] returned to Croatia and as a naturalized citizen became a member of the new ''[[Sabor]]'' parliament, where he represented Vukovar. During the [[Battle of Vukovar]], the Eltz Manor in Vukovar was destroyed by intense shelling and the bodies in the Eltz tomb desecrated by [[Republic of Serbian Krajina|Serbian]] forces. Jakob Eltz, then in his 70s, personally took part in the defence of the city.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}}
<gallery>
File:Burghaus der Freiherrn von Eltz-Rübenach Koblenz 2012.jpg|Eltz House in Rübenach near [[Koblenz]], since 1316 owned by the Rübenach branch
File:Burg Kuehlseggen1.jpg|Kühlseggen Castle, since 1836 owned by the Rübenach branch
File:Schloss Wahn Innenhof 2.jpg|Wahn Castle, since 1820 owned by the Rübenach branch
File:EltvillePlatzVonMontrichardRheinuferpromenade.JPG|Eltzer Hof (center) at [[Eltville]] on the banks of the Rhine, since 1629 owned by the Kempenich branch
File:Eltzer Hof.jpg|The former Eltz House at [[Mainz]], formerly Eltz-Kempenich
File:Vukovar_Dvorac_Eltz_SK.jpg|[[Eltz Manor]] at Vukovar/Croatia, formerly Eltz-Kempenich
</gallery>
==Notable members==
<gallery>
File:Jakob von Eltz.jpg|[[Jakob von Eltz-Rübenach]] (1510-1581), Prince Elector and Archbishop of Trier from 1567
File:Philipp Karl von Eltz.jpg|[[Philipp Karl von Eltz-Kempenich]] (1665-1743), Prince Elector and Archbishop of Mainz from 1732
</gallery>
*[[Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach]] (1875-1943), Reich Minister of Mail and Transport from 1932 until 1937
==See also==
* [[Eltz Castle]]
* [[Eltz Manor]]
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==References==
*[http://www.burg-eltz.de Eltz Castle]
* de Fabianis, Valeria, ed. (2013). Castles of the World. New York: Metro Books. {{ISBN|978-1-4351-4845-1}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Counter-Reformation]]
[[Category:German noble families]]
[[Category:Croatian noble families]]
[[Category:History of Vukovar]]
[[Category:Eltz| ]]