View source for Emil Weyr

{{Short description|Austrian-Czech mathematician}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name              = Emil Weyr
| image             = Jan Vilímek - Emil Weyr HL.jpg
| image_size        = 250px
| caption           =
| birth_date        = {{birth date|1848|08|31|df=y}}/{{birth date|1848|09|01|df=y}}
| birth_place       = [[Prague]], [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]]
| death_date        = {{death date and age|1894|01|25|1848|07|01|df=y}}
| death_place       = [[Vienna]], [[Austria-Hungary]]
| nationality       = Czech
| fields            = [[Mathematics]]
| workplaces        = [[University of Vienna]]
| alma_mater        = [[Prague Polytechnic|University of Prague]], Ph.D. 1870<br />[[Universität Leipzig]], Dr. phil. 1869
| thesis_title      = Vier gedruckte Abhandlungen aus den Sitzungsberichten der Wiener Akademie<ref name="mathgene">{{MathGenealogy|id=27250}}</ref>
| doctoral_advisor  = [[Otto Wilhelm Fiedler]]<ref name="mathgene"/><br>[[Carl Gottfried Neumann]]<br>{{Interlanguage link|Wilhelm Scheibner|de|vertical-align=sup}}
| doctoral_students = [[Alfred Tauber]]<br>[[Wilhelm Wirtinger]]
| known_for         =
| awards            =
}}
'''Emil Weyr''' (31 August / 1 September 1848 – 25 January 1894) was an Austrian-Czech mathematician, known for his numerous publications on [[geometry]].<ref name="mactutor">{{MacTutor|id=Weyr}}</ref>
Born in [[Prague]], Weyr attended the [[Prague Polytechnic]], where he was taught by [[Heinrich Durège]] and [[Otto Wilhelm Fiedler]].<ref name="mactutor"/>
== Biography ==
=== Early life ===
The birthdate of Weyr is disputed. Parish records indicate that Emil was born in [[Prague]], on 1 September 1848, whereas his family believed he was born on 31 August 1848 and celebrated his birthday on this date. His parents were František Weyr and Marie Rumplova. František was a mathematics professor at a secondary school Emil would later attend. Emil's parents had ten children, five sons and five daughters. One of his brothers [[Eduard Weyr]], was also a mathematician.<ref name="mactutor" />
=== Early Education ===
Emil attended Our Lady of the Snows primary school in 1854. Following this he would study at the German secondary school on Mikulandská street in Prague from 1859. By this age Emil was already fascinated by maths through his father. In 1865 he would start attending the Prague Polytechnic, where he would study for three years. He was taught by [[Wilhelm Fiedler|O.W.Fiedler]].<ref name="mactutor" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Bečvář |first=Jindřich |last2=Bečvářová |first2=Martina |last3=Škoda |first3=Jan |date=2006 |title=Emil Weyr and his stay in Italy (Czech) |url=https://dml.cz/bitstream/handle/10338.dmlcz/401214/DejinyMat_28-2006-1_21.pdf |journal=Dějiny matematiky |archive-url= |via=Czech Digital Mathematics Library}}</ref>
Weyr was assistant to the mathematics chair Professor H.Durège in 1868. The following year Emil earned his Doctorate in Philosophy at [[Leipzig University]].     [[Ernst Mach]] suggested to Emil that he should make a request for [[Habilitation]] at the Prague University. On 3 May 1870 he was given the senior role in the geometry faculty of the Prague Polytechnic. Here he would attain his Ph.D. and publish over 30 papers over the period from 1869 to 1870.<ref name=":0" />
=== Trip to Italy ===
Emil had planned to travel to Paris to undertake a study break during the autumn of 1870, but due to the [[Franco-Prussian War|German-French War]] the destination for this venture changed to [[Milan]]. On 7 November he travelled by train to [[Trieste]], then [[Venice]] where he stayed for ten days before arriving in Milan on 17 November. In February he would attend lectures given by [[Luigi Cremona]] and [[Felice Casorati (mathematician)|Felice Casorati]]. Later this year he got the chance to put his studies on hold to travel around Italy and visit the different universities and meet fellow colleagues, some of whom he would stay in touch with.<ref name=":0" />
His relationship with Luigi Cremona emphasises how significant this trip was for Weyr, highlighted by their constant letters to each other in the twenty-one-year period following their first meeting. Emil originally wrote letters to Cremona as one would talk to a mentor, in a position of less prestige. But as the years went on the communication between the two became academic in tone. In the following years he would publish numerous papers in Italian (with help from his Italian colleagues) which would further highlights the impact of this trip to Italy.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Kohn |first=Gustav |date=1895-12-01 |title=Emil Weyr |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01696565 |journal=Monatshefte für Mathematik und Physik |language=de |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1007/BF01696565 |issn=1436-5081}}</ref>
=== Life in Education ===
On 6 February 1870 Weyr was inducted into the [[Union of Czech mathematicians and physicists|Union of Czech Mathematicians]], which he would be given the chairman role of on 7 July 1872. In this role he created a library of scientific resources and would participate in events centred on publishing.<ref name=":0" />
Emil was made the [[adjunct professor]] of maths at the Prague Polytechnic in 1871, where he would begin to lecture at the university. He also published the textbook 'Foundations of Higher Geometry' in 1871 with his brother Edmund. Weyr would also translate some of Cremona’s publications. He would again travel to Italy in April 1873 to discuss some of these with Cremona.<ref name=":0" />
He was made a full professor at the [[University of Vienna]] on 26 September 1875. Weyr would rarely publish in Czech after he left for Austria.<ref name=":0" />
In the late 1870s and throughout the 80s Emil would publish many different books on geometry. He would lead the geometry school in Vienna for the entire duration of his stay.<ref name="mactutor" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
Weyr married Marie Waniek in Vienna 1877. They had three children together: František, Jindřich and Marie. František went on to be a lawyer.<ref name="mactutor" /><ref name=":1" />
In 1890 Weyr and [[Gustav von Escherich|Gustav Ritter von Escherich]] created the mathematical journal ''[[Monatshefte für Mathematik und Physik]]'', the first few editions of which would include his brother Eduard's work''.''<ref name="mactutor" />
Weyr died on 25 January 1894 and was buried in a family grave in Olšany in Prague on 30 January.<ref name=":0" />
==Selected publications==
*{{cite book|url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000358818|title=Theorie der mehrdeutigen geometrischen Elementargebilde und der algebraischen Curven und Flächen als deren Erzeugnisse|year=1869|location=Leipzig|publisher=B. G. Teubner}}
*{{cite book|url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000358815|title=Geometrie der räumlichen Erzeugnisse ein-zwei-deutiger Gebilde|year=1870|location=Leipzig|publisher=B. G. Teubner}}
*{{cite book|url=http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=umhistmath;idno=ABN8332|title=Die Elemente der projectivischen Geometrie|year=1883|location=Wien|publisher=Wilhelm Braumüller}}
*{{cite book|url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008905164|title=Über die Geometrie der alten Ægypter|year=1884|location=Wien|publisher=K. Gerold's Sohn}}
==See also==
*[[Eduard Weyr]], brother of Emil Weyr
==References==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* {{Gutenberg author | id=26751| name=Emil Weyr}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Emil Weyr}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Weyr, Emil}}
[[Category:1848 births]]
[[Category:1894 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Czech people]]
[[Category:Mathematicians from Austria-Hungary]]
[[Category:Mathematicians from Prague]]
[[Category:Czech Technical University in Prague alumni]]
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