View source for Enforcer (ship design)

{{short description|Ship design}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
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|Ship image=Ship LPD-Castilla-(L52).jpg
|Ship caption=[[Spanish ship Castilla (L52)|''Castilla'']] in 2009
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{{Infobox ship class overview
|Name=Enforcer
|Builders=*[[Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding]]
* [[Galați shipyard|Damen Shipyards Galați]]
* [[Empresa Nacional Bazán]]
* [[Swan Hunter]]
* [[BAE Systems Maritime – Naval Ships|BAE Systems Maritime]]
|Operators=*{{navy|Netherlands}}
* {{navy |UK}}
* {{navy |AUS}}
* {{navy|Spain}}
|Class before=
|Class after=
|Subclasses=*[[Galicia-class landing platform dock|''Galicia-class'']]
* [[Rotterdam-class landing platform dock|''Rotterdam-class'']]
* [[Bay-class landing ship|''Bay-class'']]
|Cost=
|Built range=1996-2006
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|In commission range=1998-present
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|Total ships completed=8
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|Total ships active=8
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The '''Enforcer''' is a ship design created by Royal Schelde (now Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding) following the design and building of [[HNLMS Rotterdam (L800)|HNLMS ''Rotterdam'']]. HNLMS ''Rotterdam'' was jointly developed by the [[Royal Netherlands Navy]] and the [[Spanish Navy]].<ref name=SfuCasrCaEnforcer>{{cite web |url=https://www.sfu.ca/casr/mp-sealift-rotterdam.htm |title=Sealift: Rotterdam/Galicia (Enforcer) Class LPD |publisher=[[Canadian American Strategic Review]] |accessdate=5 August 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071226135956/http://www.sfu.ca/casr/mp-sealift-rotterdam.htm |archivedate=26 December 2007}}</ref><ref name=SfuCasrCdRotterdam>{{cite web |url=https://www.sfu.ca/casr/bg-sealift-rotterdam.htm |title=Sealifter Comparisons — Rotterdam Class LPD |publisher=[[Canadian American Strategic Review]] |accessdate=5 August 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080125175613/http://www.sfu.ca/casr/bg-sealift-rotterdam.htm |archivedate=25 January 2008}}</ref>
Development began in the 1980s, when the Royal Netherlands Navy began investigating ways to provide an [[Amphibious transport dock|amphibious transport]] capability.<ref name=AMIInternational>{{cite news|url=http://www.amiinter.com/samples/netherlands/NL3301.html |title=Netherlands - Rotterdam Class Landing Platform, Dock (LPD) |publisher=[[AMI International]] |date=October 2001 |accessdate=5 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729083944/http://www.amiinter.com/samples/netherlands/NL3301.html |archivedate=29 July 2012 }}</ref> In 1994, preliminary design work began.<ref name=AMIInternational/> The Spanish government proposed in 1990 to collaborate on the design.<ref name=AMIInternational/> A Memorandum of Understanding was signed in June 1992.<ref name=AMIInternational/> Development of the base design occurred during 1993, after which the navies turned to local companies for further design work and construction: [[Royal Schelde]] in the Netherlands, and Bazán (which became [[Navantia]] in 2005) in Spain.<ref name=AMIInternational/>
Royal Schelde completed one ship to the [[Rotterdam-class landing platform dock|''Rotterdam'' class]], with {{HNLMS|Rotterdam|L800|6}} constructed between 1995 and 1998.<ref name=AMIInternational/> Bazan/Navantia completed two ships to the [[Galicia-class landing platform dock|''Galicia''-class]] design.
After building ''Rotterdam'', Royal Schelde developed the "Enforcer Family": four variants of the Enforcer design intended for export sale.<ref name=AMIInternational/> Increased modularity, less powerful propulsion systems, and {{clarify|text=increased use of commercial construction standards|reason=Increased over what of standard?|date=February 2021}} allowed the company to offer the export variants at lower prices.<ref name=AMIInternational/>
The Enforcer design also served as the basis of a second ship for the Royal Netherlands Navy; {{HNLMS|Johan de Witt|L801|6}}, which was laid down in 2003 and commissioned in 2007.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World: Their Ships, Aircraft, and Systems |editor=Wertheim, Eric |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, MD |date=2007 |edition=15th |isbn=9781591149552 |oclc=140283156 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TJunjRvplU4C |page=495}}</ref> The design was used for the British [[Bay-class landing ship]]s.<ref name=Saunders876>{{cite book |title=Jane's Fighting Ships 2008–2009 |editor-last=Saunders |editor-first=Stephen  |publisher=Jane's Information Group |location=Surrey |year=2008 |edition=111th |series=Jane's Fighting Ships |isbn=978-0-7106-2845-9 |oclc=225431774 |page=876}}</ref> Four vessels were built for the [[Royal Fleet Auxiliary]] by two shipyards between 2002 and 2007, with one sold in 2011 to the [[Royal Australian Navy]].<ref name=Saunders876/>
The Enforcer design was considered a contender for the [[Indian Navy Multi-Role Support Vessel programme]].<ref name=GSMRSS>{{cite web |title=Multi-Role Support Ship (MRSS) |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/l-mrss.htm |accessdate=12 September 2015 |work=Global Security}}</ref>
== Enforcer redesign ==
Around 2020, Damen released its updated portfolio of Enforcer [[Landing Platform Dock]] (LPD). This update saw a significant redesign to facilitate new equipment, material upgrades, improved internal logistics and greater levels of design 'flexibility'.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Scott |first=Richard |date=2023-12-19 |title=Damen pitches Enforcer for potential UK/NL amphibious requirement |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2023/12/damen-pitches-enforcer-for-potential-uk-nl-amphibious-requirement/ |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=Naval News |language=en-US}}</ref> The new portfolio consists of seven sibling designs that range in size and by extension the size of internal facilities / capacity (embarked military force, crew size, aviation spots, hangar capacity etc.). The largest design (Enforcer 18028) is 180 metres in length and capable of embarking a force of 590-790 personnel with a crew of 155; the smallest (Enforcer 12026) is 120 metres with an embarked force of 200-270 and a crew of 90.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Enforcers - Damen |url=https://www.damen.com/vessels/defence-and-security/landing-platform-dock-enforcers?view=models |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=www.damen.com |language=en}}</ref>
The new Enforcer design is highlighted as a contender for a possible UK / Netherlands amphibious requirement with both nations exploring options for joint acquisition of a new common LHP design to replace the three [[Bay-class landing ship|Bay-class]] and two [[Albion-class landing platform dock|Albion-class]] ships, plus [[RFA Argus (A135)|RFA Argus]] of the [[Royal Navy]] and Royal Fleet Auxiliary (known as the Multi-Role Support Ship program), as well as the two [[Rotterdam-class landing platform dock|Rotterdam-class]] LPDs and the four [[Holland-class offshore patrol vessel|Holland-class]] [[Offshore patrol vessel|offshore patrol vessels]] of the Royal Netherland Navy (Known as LPX program).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-04 |title=Multi Role Support Ships – the future of Royal Navy amphibious capability {{!}} Navy Lookout |url=https://www.navylookout.com/multi-role-support-ships-the-future-of-royal-navy-amphibious-capability/ |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=www.navylookout.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>
==Ships based on Enforcer design==
Here is a list of ships that are based on the Enforcer design.
{|class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
! align="center" colspan=6 | {{navy|NLD}}
|-
! Name
! Laid down
! Launched
! In service
! Out of service
! Notes
|-
| [[HNLMS Rotterdam (L800)|HNLMS ''Rotterdam'' (L800)]]
| 25 January 1996
| 27 February 1997
| 18 April 1998
| -
| In active service
|-
| [[HNLMS Johan de Witt (L801)|HNLMS ''Johan de Witt'' (L801)]]
| 18 June 2003
| 13 May 2006
| 30 November 2007
| -
| In active service
|-
! align="center" colspan=6 | {{navy|Spain}}
|-
| [[Spanish ship Galicia (L51)|''Galicia'' (L51)]]
| May 1996
| 21 July 1997
| 29 April 1998
| -
| In active service
|-
| [[Spanish ship Castilla (L52)|''Castilla'' (L52)]]
| May 1997
| 14 June 1999
| 29 June 2000
| -
| In active service
|-
! align="center" colspan=6 | {{flagicon image|British-Royal-Fleet-Auxiliary-Ensign.svg}} [[Royal Fleet Auxiliary]]
|-
| {{ship|RFA|Largs Bay|L3006}}
| 28 January 2002
| 18 July 2003
| 28 November 2006
| April 2011
| Sold to RAN in April 2011
|-
| {{ship|RFA|Lyme Bay|L3007}}
| 22 November 2000
| 3 September 2005
| 26 November 2007
| -
| In active service
|-
| {{ship|RFA|Mounts Bay|L3008}}
| 25 August 2002
| 9 April 2004
| 13 July 2006
| -
| In active service
|-
| {{ship|RFA|Cardigan Bay|L3009}}
| 13 October 2003
| 8–9 April 2005
| 18 December 2006
| -
| In active service
|-
! align="center" colspan=6 | {{navy|AUS}}
|-
! Name
! align="center" colspan=2 | Acquired
! In service
! Out of service
! Notes
|-
| {{HMAS|Choules|L100}} (ex-''Largs Bay'')
| align="center" colspan=2 | 6 April 2011
| 13 December 2011
| -
| In active service
|}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Amphibious warfare vessels]]