View source for Erodium

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{Distinguish|bromperidol}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Erodium January 2008-2.jpg
|image_caption = ''Erodium malacoides''
|taxon = Erodium
|authority = [[William Aiton|Aiton]]
|subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
|subdivision = See text
|synonyms =
*''Erodion'' St.-Lag.
*''Myrrhina'' Rupr.
*''Ramphocarpus'' Neck.
}}
'''''Erodium''''' is a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s in the botanical family [[Geraniaceae]]. The genus includes about 120 species with a subcosmopolitan distribution, [[native plant|native]] to Europe, [[North Africa]], [[Asia]], [[Australia]], and more locally in [[North America|North]] and [[South America]].<ref name="POWO">{{Cite POWO |last1=POWO |author-link1=Plants of the World Online |id=30013005-2 |title=''Erodium'' L'Hér. |access-date=22 June 2024 }}</ref> They are [[perennial]]s, [[annual plant|annual]]s, or [[subshrub]]s, with five-petalled flowers in shades of white, pink, and purple, that strongly resemble the better-known ''[[Geranium]]'' (crane's-bills).<ref name=RHSAZ>{{cite book|title=RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants|year=2008|publisher=Dorling Kindersley|location=United Kingdom|isbn=978-1405332965|pages=1136}}</ref> In English-speaking areas of Europe, the species are known as '''stork's-bills'''.<ref name=BSBI_Atlas2020>{{cite web |title=Common Stork's-bill ''Erodium cicutarium'' agg. |work=BSBI Online Plant Atlas 2020 |editor1=P.A. Stroh |editor2=T. A. Humphrey |editor3=R.J. Burkmar |editor4=O.L. Pescott |editor5=D.B. Roy |editor6=K.J. Walker |publisher=Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland |date=2020 |url=https://plantatlas2020.org/atlas/2cd4p9h.vff |access-date=22 June 2024 }}</ref> In North America they are known as '''filarees''' or '''heron's bill'''.{{citation needed|date=June 2024}}
== Taxonomy ==
[[Carl Linnaeus]] grouped in the same genus (''Geranium''), the three similar genera ''Erodium'', ''Geranium'', and ''[[Pelargonium]]''. The distinction between them was made by [[Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle]] based on the number of [[stamen]]s or [[anther]]s; five in ''Erodium'',<ref name="Parnell">Parnell, J. and Curtis. ''Webb's An Irish Flora.'' Cork University Press. {{ISBN|978-185918-4783}}</ref> seven for ''Pelargonium'', and ten for ''Geranium''.<ref name="Parnell"/> However, the three genera have the same characteristics in regard to their fruit, which resemble long bird beaks. That characteristic is the basis for the names: ''Geranium'' evokes the crane (Greek ''geranos''), ''Pelargonium'' the stork (''pelargos''), and ''Erodium'' the heron (''erodios''). ''Erodium'' species also differ in having [[pinnate]] leaves, whereas ''Geranium'' species have [[palmately]] lobed or divided leaves.<ref name = "Streeter">Streeter D, Hart-Davies C, Hardcastle A, Cole F, Harper L. 2009. ''Collins Flower Guide''. Harper Collins {{ISBN|9-78-000718389-0}}</ref>
=== Species ===
[[File:Erodium ciconium fruit.jpg|thumb|Fruit of ''Erodium ciconium'']]
[[File:Erodium lebelii - Drüsige Hirtennadel - Kleverige reigerbek - Le Bec de cigogne des dunes - Storksbill.JPG|thumb|''Erodium lebelii'']]
[[File:Erodium glandulosum.jpg |thumb|''Erodium glandulosum'' - [[MHNT]]]]
{{As of|2024|June}}, the ''World Checklist of Selected Plant Families'' accepts 121 species:<ref name="POWO" />
{{Columns-list|colwidth=25em|
*''[[Erodium absinthoides]]'' Willd.
*''[[Erodium acaule]]'' (L.) Bech. & Thell.
*''[[Erodium adenophorum]]'' Blatt.
*''[[Erodium aethiopicum]]'' (Lam.) Brumh. & Thell.
*''[[Erodium aguilellae]]'' López Udias, Fabregat & G.Mateo
*''[[Erodium alnifolium]]'' Guss.
*''[[Erodium alpinum]]'' (Burm.f.) L'Hér.
*''[[Erodium amanum]]'' Boiss. & Kotschy
*''[[Erodium angustilobum]]'' Carolin
*''[[Erodium anthemidifolium]]'' M.Bieb.
*''[[Erodium arborescens]]'' (Desf.) Willd.
*''[[Erodium asplenioides]]'' (Desf.) Willd.
*''[[Erodium astragaloides]]'' Boiss. & Reut.
*''[[Erodium atlanticum]]'' Coss.
*''[[Erodium aureum]]'' Carolin
*''[[Erodium aytacii]]'' Yild. & Dogru-Koca
*''[[Erodium beketowii]]'' Schmalh.
*''[[Erodium birandianum]]'' Ilarslan & Yurdak.
*''[[Erodium boissieri]]'' Coss.
*''[[Erodium botrys]]'' (Cav.) Bertol.
*''[[Erodium brachycarpum]]'' (Godr.) Thell.
*''[[Erodium carolinianum]]''
*''[[Erodium carvifolium]]'' Boiss. & Reut.
*''[[Erodium castellanum]]'' (Pau) Guitt.
*''[[Erodium cazorlanum]]'' Heywood
*''[[Erodium cedrorum]]'' Schott
*''[[Erodium celtibericum]]'' Pau
*''[[Erodium cheilanthifolium]]'' Boiss.
*''[[Erodium chevallieri]]'' Guitt.
*''[[Erodium chilense]]'' I.M.Johnst.
*''[[Erodium chium]]'' (L.) Willd.
*''[[Erodium chrysanthum]]'' L'Hér. ex DC.
*''[[Erodium ciconium]]'' (L.) L’Hér.
*''[[Erodium cicutarium]]'' (L.) L’Hér.
*''[[Erodium corsicum]]'' Léman
*''[[Erodium crassifolium]]'' L'Hér.
*''[[Erodium crenatum]]'' Pomel
*''[[Erodium crinitum]]'' Carolin
*''[[Erodium crispum]]'' Lapeyr.
*''[[Erodium cyconioides]]'' Tzvelev
*''[[Erodium cygnorum]]'' Nees
*''[[Erodium cyrenaicum]]'' (Pamp.) Guitt.
*''[[Erodium danicum]]'' K. Larsen
*''[[Erodium daucoides]]'' Boiss.
*''[[Erodium dimorphum]]'' Wendelbo
*''[[Erodium flexuosum]]'' P.H.Davis & J.Roberts
*''[[Erodium foetidum]]'' (L.) L'Hér.
*''[[Erodium fumarioides]]'' Steven
*''[[Erodium gaillardotii]]'' Boiss.
*''[[Erodium garamantum]]'' (Maire) Guitt.
*''[[Erodium gaussenianum]]'' P.Monts.
*''[[Erodium geoides]]'' A.St.-Hil.
*''[[Erodium glandulosum]]'' (Cav.) Willd.
*''[[Erodium glaucophyllum]]'' (L.) L'Hér.
*''[[Erodium gruinum]]'' (L.) L'Hér.
*''[[Erodium guinochetianum]]'' Guitt.
*''[[Erodium guttatum]]'' (Desf.) Willd.
*''[[Erodium hakkiaricum]]'' P.H.Davis
*''[[Erodium hartvigianum]]'' Strid & Kit Tan
*''[[Erodium hendrikii]]'' Alpinar
*''[[Erodium hesperium]]'' (Maire) H.Lindb.
*''[[Erodium heteradenum]]'' (Pau & Font Quer) Guitt.
*''[[Erodium heterosepalum]]'' Blatt.
*''[[Erodium hoefftianum]]'' C. A. Meyer
*''[[Erodium iranicum]]'' El-Oqlah
*''[[Erodium jahandiezianum]]'' Emb., Maire & Weiller
*''[[Erodium janszii]]'' Alarcón & al.
*''[[Erodium keithii]]'' Guitt. & Le Houér.
*''[[Erodium laciniatum]]'' (Cav.) Willd.
*''[[Erodium lebelii]]'' Jord.
*''[[Erodium leucanthum]]'' Boiss.
*''[[Erodium macrophyllum]]'' Hook. & Arn.
*''[[Erodium maculatum]]'' Salzm. ex C.Presl
*''[[Erodium malacoides]]'' (L.) L’Hér.
*''[[Erodium manescavi]]'' Coss.
*''[[Erodium maritimum]]'' (L.) L’Hér.
*''[[Erodium masguindalii]]'' Pau
*''[[Erodium medeense]]'' Batt.
*''[[Erodium meynieri]]'' Maire
*''[[Erodium micropetalum]]'' Boiss. & Hausskn.
*''[[Erodium microphyllum]]'' Pomel
*''[[Erodium moschatum]]'' (L.) L’Hér.
*''[[Erodium mouretii]]'' Pitard.
*''[[Erodium munbyanum]]'' Boiss. ex Munby
*''[[Erodium nanum]]'' Blatt.
*''[[Erodium nervulosum]]'' L'Her.
*''[[Erodium neuradifolium]]'' Delile ex Godr.
*''[[Erodium oreophilum]]'' Quézel
*''[[Erodium oxyrhinchum]]'' M.Bieb.
*''[[Erodium paui]]'' Sennen
*''[[Erodium pelargoniflorum]]'' Boiss. & Heldr.
*''[[Erodium praecox]]'' (Cav.) Willd.
*''[[Erodium pulverulentum]]'' (Cav.) Willd.
*''[[Erodium recoderi]]'' Auriault & Guitt.
*''[[Erodium reichardii]]'' (Murray) DC.
*''[[Erodium rodiei]]'' (Braun-Blanq.) Poirion
*''[[Erodium rupestre]]'' Pourr. ex cav.
*''[[Erodium rupicola]]'' Boiss.
*''[[Erodium ruthenicum]]'' M.Bieb.
*''[[Erodium salzmannii]]'' Delile
*''[[Erodium sanguis-christi]]'' Sennen
*''[[Erodium saxatile]]'' Pau
*''[[Erodium schemachense]]'' Grossh.
*''[[Erodium sebaceum]]'' Delile
*''[[Erodium sibthorpianum]]'' Boiss.
*''[[Erodium somanum]]'' Pesmen
*''[[Erodium sosnowskianum]]'' Fed.
*''[[Erodium stellatum]]'' Delile
*''[[Erodium stephanianum]]'' Willd.
*''[[Erodium stevenii]]'' M.Bieb.
*''[[Erodium subintegrifolium]]'' Eig
*''[[Erodium sublyratum]]'' Samp.
*''[[Erodium tataricum]]'' Willd.
*''[[Erodium telavivense]]'' Eig
*''[[Erodium texanum]]'' A. Gray
*''[[Erodium tibetanum]]'' Edgew. & Hook.f.
*''[[Erodium tordylioides]]'' (Desf.) L'Hér.
*''[[Erodium touchyanum]]'' Delile ex Godr.
*''[[Erodium toussidanum]]'' Guitt.
*''[[Erodium trichomanefolium]]'' L'Hér.
*''[[Erodium trifolium]]'' (Cav.) Cav.
*''[[Erodium vetteri]]'' Barbey & Fors.-Major
}}
Hybrids include:
*''[[Erodium × anaristatum]]'' Andreas
*''[[Erodium × bolosii]]'' Romo
*''[[Erodium × fallax]]'' Jord.
*''[[Erodium × viscosum]]'' Salzm. ex Delile
== Ecology ==
''Erodium'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including the [[pasture day moth]].
== Cultivation ==
In cultivation, ''Erodium'' species are usually seen in [[garden design#Rock garden|rockeries]] or [[alpine gardens]].<ref name=RHSAZ />
The [[Hybrid (biology)#Hybrid plants|hybrid]] [[cultivar]] ''E. × variabile'' 'Roseum' (''E. corsicum'' × ''E. reichardii''), a compact, spreading [[perennial plant|perennial]] with rose-pink flowers in summer, has gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]].<ref>{{cite web|title=''Erodium'' × ''variabile'' 'Roseum'|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/81968/Erodium-x-variabile-Roseum/Details|publisher=Royal Horticultural Society|access-date=9 June 2020}}</ref>
== Uses ==
Species such as ''E. cicutarium'' and ''E. moschatum'' are edible.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nyerges |first1=Christopher |title=Foraging Wild Edible Plants of North America: More than 150 Delicious Recipes Using Nature's Edibles |date=2016 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4930-1499-6 |page=81 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RwDHCgAAQBAJ}}</ref>
== See also ==
*[[Wool alien]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{Commons category}}
* {{cite book | author=Pink, A. | url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11892|title=Gardening for the Million| year=2004 | publisher=[[Project Gutenberg|Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation]]}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q162920}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Erodium| ]]
[[Category:Geraniales genera]]
{{Geraniaceae-stub}}