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{{for multi|American streamer|Esfand (streamer)|Syrian rue|Peganum harmala|places in Iran|Esfand, Iran (disambiguation){{!}}Esfand, Iran}}
{{Infobox month
| image       =
| alt         =
| caption     =
| native_name = {{Native name|fa|اسفند}}
| calendar    = [[Solar Hijri calendar]]
| num         = 12
| days        = 29 (Common Years) or 30 (Leap Years)
| season      = Winter
| gregorian   = February-March
| holidays    =
| prev_month  = [[Bahman]]
| next_month  = [[Farvardin]]
}}
'''Esfand''' ({{langx|fa|اسفند}}, {{IPA|fa|esˈfænd}}<ref name=": 0">{{Cite web|url = http://www.jahanshiri.ir/fa/en/vocab-months-seasons.php|title = Months and Seasons - Persian Vocabulary|date = 2014|accessdate = September 8, 2014|website = |publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref>) is the twelfth and final month of the [[Solar Hijri calendar]], the official calendar of [[Iran]] and [[Afghanistan]].<ref name=": 0" /> Esfand has twenty-nine days<ref name=": 0" /> normally, and thirty during [[leap year]]s.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://aramis.obspm.fr/~heydari/divers/ir-cal-eng.html |title= A concise review of the Iranian calendar |first=M. |last=Heydari-Malayeri  | date = December 11, 2006 | access-date= 2022-07-08}} </ref> It begins in February and ends in March of the [[Gregorian calendar]]{{Citation needed|date=September 2014}}. The [[Afghan Persian]] name is '''Hūt'''; in [[Pashto]] it is '''[[Kab (month)|Kab]]'''.
Esfand is the third and last month of the [[winter]] season (Zemestan), and is followed by [[Farvardin]].<ref name=": 0" />
== Events ==
* 28 - 1292 - The first [[Stanley Cup Finals]] in hockey history concludes with the victory of the Toronto Hockey Club, champion team of the National Hockey Association (NHA) against the Victoria Aristocrats, champions of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA).
* 26 - 1316 - [[Anschluss]] of [[Federal State of Austria|Austria]] into [[Nazi Germany|Germany]]
* 13 - 1328 - The [[1951 Asian Games]] Opening Ceremony is held in New Delhi, India, the first in [[Asian Games]] history.
* 3 - 1366 - [[Askeran clash|Askeran riots]] in the [[USSR]] - beginning of the [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]]
* 29 - 1373 - [[Tokyo subway sarin attack]]
* 12 - 1384 - [[2006 World Baseball Classic]], the first edition of modern international baseball tournament, opens
* 20 - 1389 - [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami|Japanese earthquake]] - [[Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster|Fukushima disaster]]
* 5 - 1400 - [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]] begins
== Observances ==
* 5 Esfand: [[Sepandārmazgān]]
* 5-6 Esfand: [[Defender of the Fatherland Day]] and [[National Day (Brunei)|National Day of Brunei]]
* 6-7 Esfand: [[Independence Day (Estonia)]]
* 12-13 Esfand: [[Liberation Day (Bulgaria)]]
* 15 Esfand: [[Arbor Day#Iran|Arbor Day in Iran]] This date, which typically starts on March 5, starts Natural Recyclable Resources Week, ending on March 12.
* 17-18 Esfand: [[International Women's Day]]
* 26-27 Esfand: [[St. Patrick's Day]]
* 28-29 Esfand: [[Saint Joseph's Day]]
* Last Tuesday of Esfand: [[Chaharshanbe Suri]]
=== Movable observances and festivals ===
* [[Lantern Festival]]: Held 15 days following the Chinese New Year, date falls on first or second week of this month
* [[Frawardigan]]: Held 19-29 Esfand in normal years, and 20-30 Esfand in leap years, Zoroastrian period of remembrance of the dead
== Births ==
24 Esfand is the Reza shah birthday.
* 26 - 1323 - [[Homeyra]]
== Deaths ==
* 16 - 1391 - [[Hugo Chávez]], was the President of [[Venezuela]] from 1999 until his death in 2013{{Citation needed|date=September 2014}}
* 17 - 1308 - [[William Howard Taft]], Chief Justice and 27th President of the United States
* 18 - 1390 - [[Simin Daneshvar]], Academic, novelist, fiction writer and translator{{Citation needed|date=September 2014}}.
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{IranianMonths}}
[[Category:Months of the Iranian calendar]]
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