View source for European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

{{short description|Treaty to protect languages}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2007}}
{{Infobox Treaty
| name = European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
| long_name =CET 148
| image =European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages membership.svg
| image_width =250
| caption = Member states that have signed and ratified in dark green, those that have signed but not ratified in light green, those that have neither signed nor ratified in white, non-member states of the Council of Europe in grey. Source: the [http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ChercheSig.asp?NT=148&CM=8&DF=&CL=ENG list of signatories] at the [[Council of Europe]] website.
| date_signed = 5 November 1992
| location_signed = [[Strasbourg]]
| date_effective = 1 March 1998
| condition_effective=Ratification by 5 States
| parties =25
| signatories=34
| depositor = Secretary General of the [[Council of Europe]]
| languages = [[English language|English]] and [[French language|French]]
| wikisource = European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
}}
The '''European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages''' ('''ECRML''') is a [[Europe]]an [[treaty]] (CETS 148) adopted in 1992 under the auspices of the [[Council of Europe]] to protect and promote historical [[regional language|regional]] and [[minority language]]s in [[Europe]]. However, the charter does not provide any criterion or definition for an idiom to be a minority or a regional language, and the classification stays in the hands of the national state.<ref>Gabrielle Bernoville, [https://laregionisto.com/2021/01/14/europes-forgotten-words-the-case-of-the-european-regional-and-minority-languages/ Europe's forgotten words. The case of the European Regional and minority languages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615231326/https://laregionisto.com/2021/01/14/europes-forgotten-words-the-case-of-the-european-regional-and-minority-languages/ |date=2021-06-15 }}, La Regionisto,</ref>
The preparation for the charter was undertaken by the predecessor to the current [[Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe|Congress of Local and Regional Authorities]], the Standing Conference of Local and Regional Authorities of Europe because involvement of local and regional government was essential. The actual charter was written in the [[Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe|Parliamentary Assembly]] based on the Congress' Recommendations. It only applies to [[language]]s traditionally used by the nationals of the State Parties (thus excluding languages used by recent [[immigrant]]s from other states, see [[immigrant language]]s), which significantly differ from the majority or [[official language]] (thus excluding what the state party wishes to consider as mere local dialects of the official or majority language)<ref name="Kord">{{cite book|last=Kordić|first=Snježana|author-link=Snježana Kordić|editor-last1=Nomachi|editor-first1=Motoki|editor-link1=Motoki Nomachi|editor-last2=Kamusella|editor-first2=Tomasz|editor-link2=Tomasz Kamusella|title=Languages and Nationalism Instead of Empires|publisher=[[Routledge]]|series=Routledge Histories of Central and Eastern Europe|pages=167{{hyphen}}179|chapter=Ideology Against Language: The Current Situation in South Slavic Countries|chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372202077|chapter-format=PDF|location=London|year=2024|doi=10.4324/9781003034025-11|doi-access=|isbn=978-0-367-47191-0|lccn=|oclc=1390118985|s2cid=259576119|s2cid-access=|ssrn=4680766|ssrn-access=free|id={{COBISS.RS|125229577}}. {{COBISS|171014403}}|archive-url=https://archive.org/details/kordic-ideology-against-language |archive-date=2024-01-10|access-date=2024-01-16|quote=In Croatia and Serbia, segregation takes place in the name of minority language rights, ignoring that the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages gives a clear definition of a minority language that excludes the term ‘minority language’ in this case. [...] although the Charter reads that a minority language must be different from the official language and must not be a dialect of the official language, and although the standard language of Bosniaks, Croats, Montenegrins and Serbs is based on the same dialect called [[Shtokavian]], and it is clear that according to the Charter it cannot be regarded as several minority languages.|quote-page=173, 169|url-status=live}}</ref> and that either have a territorial basis (and are therefore traditionally spoken by populations of regions or areas within the State) or are used by linguistic minorities within the State as a whole (thereby including such languages as [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]], [[Romani language|Romani]] and [[Lemko language|Lemko]], which are used over a wide geographic area).
Some states, such as Ukraine and Sweden, have tied the status of minority language to the recognized national minorities, which are defined by ethnic, cultural and/or religious criteria, thereby circumventing the Charter's notion of linguistic minority.<ref>Hult, F.M. (2004). Planning for multilingualism and minority language rights in Sweden. ''Language Policy, 3''(2), 181-201.</ref>
Languages that are official within regions, provinces or federal units within a State (for example [[Catalan language|Catalan]] in [[Spain]]) are not classified as official languages of the State and may therefore benefit from the Charter. On the other hand, [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] has been unable to sign the Charter on behalf of the [[Irish language]] (although a minority language) as it is defined as the first official language of the state. The [[United Kingdom]] has ratified the Charter in respect to (among other languages) [[Welsh language|Welsh]] in [[Wales]], [[Scots language|Scots]] and [[Scottish Gaelic|Gaelic]] in Scotland, and [[Irish language in Northern Ireland|Irish]] in [[Northern Ireland]]. [[France]], although a signatory, has been constitutionally blocked from ratifying the Charter in respect to the [[languages of France]].
The charter provides many actions state parties can take to protect and promote historical regional and minority languages. There are two levels of protection&mdash;all signatories must apply the lower level of protection to qualifying languages. Signatories may further declare that a qualifying language or languages will benefit from the higher level of protection, which lists a range of actions from which states must agree to undertake at least 35.
==Protections==
Countries can ratify the charter in respect of its minority languages based on Part II or Part III of the charter, which contain varying principles. Countries can treat languages differently under the charter, for example, in the [[United Kingdom]], the [[Welsh language]] is ratified under the general Part II principles as well as the more specific Part III commitments, while the [[Cornish language]] is ratified only under Part II.
===Part II===
Part II of the Charter details eight main principles and objectives upon which States must base their policies and legislation. They are seen as a framework for the preservation of the languages concerned.<ref name="about">{{cite web|url=http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/education/minlang/aboutcharter/default_en.asp|title=The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages is the European convention for the protection and promotion of languages used by traditional minorities.|website=European Charter for Regional <br>or Minority Languages}}</ref>
*Recognition of regional or minority languages as an expression of cultural wealth.
*Respect for the geographical area of each regional or minority language.
*The need for resolute action to promote such languages.
*The facilitation and/or encouragement of the use of such languages, in speech and writing, in public and private life.
*The provision of appropriate forms and means for the teaching and study of such languages at all appropriate stages.
*The promotion of relevant transnational exchanges.
*The prohibition of all forms of unjustified distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference relating to the use of a regional or minority language and intended to discourage or endanger its maintenance or development.
*The promotion by states of mutual understanding between all the country's linguistic groups.
===Part III===
Part III details comprehensive rules, across a number of sectors, by which states agree to abide. Each language to which Part III of the Charter is applied must be named specifically by the government. States must select at least thirty-five of the undertakings in respect to each language. Many provisions contain several options, of varying degrees of stringency, one of which has to be chosen "according to the situation of each language". The areas from which these specific undertakings must be chosen are as follows:<ref name="about" />
*Education
*Judicial authorities
*Administrative authorities and public services
*Media
*Cultural activities and facilities
*Economic and social life
*Transfrontier exchanges
==Languages protected under the Charter==
<!----Please, do not add a language, because it is spoken in the country mentioned. Below only the languages recognised under the Charter by the these countries are mentioned.-->
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Countries that have ratified the Charter, and languages for which the ratification was made<ref>{{cite web |title=States Parties to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages and their regional or minority languages (listed by language on p.6) |url=https://rm.coe.int/november-2022-revised-table-languages-covered-english-/1680a8fef4 |website=Council of Europe  |access-date=13 December 2023 |date=1 November 2022}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagcountry|Armenia}}
ratification: 25 January 2002<ref name="Treaty 148">{{cite web |url= https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/148/signatures?p_auth=9E1g9uJz |title= Chart of signatures and ratifications of Treaty 148 |website=|publisher = Council of Europe|access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref>
*[[Assyrian Neo-Aramaic|Assyrian]]
*[[German language|German]]
*[[Greek language|Greek]]
*[[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]]
*[[Russian language|Russian]]
*[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
*[[Yezidi language|Yezidi]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Austria}}
ratification: 28 June 2001<ref name="Treaty 148"/>
* [[Burgenland Croatian]] (in [[Burgenland]])
* [[Slovene language|Slovene]] (in [[Carinthia (state)|Carinthia]] and [[Styria]])
* [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] (in Burgenland and [[Vienna]])
* [[Czech language|Czech]] (in Vienna)
* [[Slovak language|Slovak]] (in Vienna)
* [[Romani language|Romani]] (in Burgenland)
|-
|{{flagcountry|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
ratification: 21 September 2010<ref name="Treaty 148"/>
*[[Albanian language|Albanian]]
*[[Czech language|Czech]]
*[[German language|German]]
*[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]
*[[Italian language|Italian]]
*[[Ladino (language)|Ladino]]
*[[Polish language|Polish]]
*[[Romani language|Romani]]
*[[Romanian language|Romanian]]
*[[Rusyn language|Rusyn]]
*[[Slovakian language|Slovak]]
*[[Slovenian language|Slovenian]]
*[[Turkish language|Turkish]]
*[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
*[[Yiddish Language|Yiddish]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Croatia}}
ratification: 5 November 1997<ref name="Treaty 148"/>
*[[Czech language|Czech]]
*[[German language|German]]
*[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]
*[[Boyash|Boyash Romanian]]
*[[Istro-Romanian language|Istro-Romanian]]
*[[Italian language|Italian]]
*[[Romani language|Romani]]
*[[Rusyn language|Rusyn]]
*[[Serbian language|Serbian]]<ref name="Kord"/>
*[[Slovakian language|Slovakian]]
*[[Slovenian language|Slovenian]]
*[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Cyprus}}
ratification: 26 August 2002<ref name="Treaty 148"/>
* [[Armenian language|Armenian]]
* [[Cypriot Maronite Arabic]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Czech Republic}}
ratification: 15 November 2006<ref name="Treaty 148"/>
* [[Slovak language|Slovak]] (parts II and III, across the whole territory)
* [[Polish language|Polish]] (part II; and part III in [[Moravian-Silesian Region|Moravia-Silesia]], in districts [[Frýdek-Místek District|Frydek-Místek]] and [[Karviná District|Karviná]])
* [[German language|German]] (part II and part III in [[Cheb]], [[Karlovy Vary Region|Karlovy Vary]], [[Sokolov District|Sokolov]], [[Liberec Region|Liberec]], [[Ústí nad Labem Region|Ústí nad Labem]], [[Český Krumlov District|Český Krumlov]], [[Opava District|Opava]] and [[Svitavy District|Svitavy]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Czechia: Protection of German extended under the Charter - European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages |url=https://www.coe.int/crh/web/european-charter-regional-or-minority-languages/-/czechia-protection-of-german-extended-under-the-charter |website=Council of Europe |date=2024 |access-date=2 March 2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302142142/https://www.coe.int/crh/web/european-charter-regional-or-minority-languages/-/czechia-protection-of-german-extended-under-the-charter |archive-date= 2 March 2024 }}</ref>)
* [[Romani language|Romani]] (part II only)
* [[Croats in the Czech Republic|Moravian Croatian]] (part II only)
|-
|{{flagcountry|Denmark}}
ratification: 8 September 2000<ref name="Treaty 148"/>
* [[Faroese language|Faroese]] (in the [[Faroe Islands]])
* [[German language|German]] (in [[Southern Jutland]])
* [[Greenlandic language|Greenlandic]] (in [[Greenland]])
* [[Romani language|Romani]] (across Denmark, under part II)
|-
|{{flagcountry|Finland}}
ratification: 9 November 1994<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=declarations-by-treaty&numSte=148&codeNature=1&codePays=FIN|title = Reservations and Declarations for Treaty No.148 - European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ETS No. 148) |website=Council of Europe |url-status=live |archive-url= https://archive.today/20240322011447/https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=declarations-by-treaty&numSte=148&codeNature=1&codePays=FIN |archive-date= 22 Mar 2024 }}</ref>
*[[Inari Sámi language|Inari Sami]]
*[[Karelian language|Karelian]]
*[[North Sami language|North Sami]]
*[[Romani language|Romani]]
*[[Skolt Sami]]
*[[Swedish language|Swedish]]
*[[Tatar language|Tatar]]
*[[Yiddish Language|Yiddish]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
ratification: 16 September 1998<ref name="Treaty 148"/>
* [[Danish language|Danish]] (in [[Schleswig-Holstein]])
* [[Upper Sorbian]] (in the [[Free State of Saxony]])
* [[Lower Sorbian]] (in [[Brandenburg]])
* [[North Frisian language|North Frisian]] (in Schleswig-Holstein)
* [[Saterland Frisian language|Saterland Frisian]] (in [[Lower Saxony]])
* [[Romani language|Romani]] (across Germany)
* [[Low German language|Low German]] (part III in [[Bremen]], [[Hamburg]], [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Lower Saxony]] and [[Schleswig-Holstein]]); (part II in [[Brandenburg]], [[Northrhine-Westphalia]] and [[Saxony-Anhalt]])
|-
|{{flagcountry|Hungary}}
ratification: 26 April 1995<ref name="Treaty 148"/>
* [[Armenian language|Armenian]]
*[[Boyash|Boyash Romanian]]
* [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]
* [[Croatian language|Croatian]]
* [[German language|German]]
* [[Greek language|Greek]]
* [[Polish language|Polish]]
* [[Romani language|Romani]]
* [[Romanian language|Romanian]]
*[[Rusyn language|Rusyn]]
* [[Serbian language|Serbian]]
* [[Slovak language|Slovak]]
* [[Slovene language|Slovene]]
* [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Liechtenstein}}
ratification: 18 November 1997<ref name="Treaty 148"/>
* No regional or minority languages
|-
|{{flagcountry|Luxembourg}}
ratification: 22 June 2005<ref name="Treaty 148"/>
* No regional or minority languages<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/education/minlang/Report/EvaluationReports/LuxembourgECRML1_en.pdf |title=Report of the Committee of Experts on Luxembourg, December 2008 |publisher=Coe.int |access-date=2014-01-30}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagcountry|Montenegro}}
ratification: 15 February 2006<ref name="Treaty 148"/>
* [[Albanian language|Albanian]]
*[[Bosnian language|Bosnian]]
*[[Croatian language|Croatian]]
* [[Romani language|Romani]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Netherlands}}
ratification: 2 May 1996<ref name="Treaty 148"/>
* [[West Frisian language|Frisian]] (in [[Friesland]], under part III)
* [[Limburgish language|Limburgish]] (in [[Limburg (Netherlands)|Limburg]], under part II)
* [[Dutch Low Saxon|Low Saxon]] (across the Netherlands, under part II)
* [[Papiamento]] (on [[Bonaire]] under part III)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Insider |first1=Tanya Deen for the Bonaire |title=Papiamentu on Bonaire is Officially Recognized Under European Charter |url=https://infobonaire.com/papiamentu-on-bonaire-is-officially-recognized-under-european-charter/ |website=InfoBonaire |access-date=31 January 2024 |date=30 January 2024}}</ref>
* [[Romani language|Romani]] (across the Netherlands, under part II)
* [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]] (across the Netherlands, under part II)
|-
|{{flagcountry|Norway}}
ratification: 10 November 1993<ref name="Treaty 148"/>
* [[Kven language|Kven/Finnish]] (part II only)
*[[Lule Sami]]
* [[North Sami language|North Sami]]
*[[Romani language|Romani]]
*[[Scandoromani language|Romanes]]
*[[South Sámi language|South Sami]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Poland}}
ratification: 12 February 2009<ref name="Treaty 148"/>
*[[Armenian language|Armenian]]
*[[Belarusian language|Belarusian]]
*[[Czech language|Czech]]
*[[German language|German]]
*[[Karaim language|Karaim]]
*[[Kashubian language|Kashub]]
*[[Lemko language|Lemko]]
*[[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]
*[[Romani language|Romani]]
*[[Russian language|Russian]]
*[[Slovakian language|Slovakian]]
*[[Tatar language|Tatar]]
*[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
*[[Yiddish Language|Yiddish]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Romania}}
ratification 29 January 2008<ref name="Treaty 148"/>
* [[Albanian language|Albanian]] (Part II only)
* [[Armenian language|Armenian]] (Part II only)
* [[Greek language|Greek]] (Part II only)
* [[Italian language|Italian]] (Part II only)
* [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]] (Part II only)
* [[Polish language|Polish]] (Part II only)
* [[Romani language|Romani]] (Part II only)
*[[Rusyn language|Rusyn]] (Part II only)
* [[Tatar language|Tatar]] (Part II only)
* [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]] (Part II only)
* [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] (Part III only)
* [[Croatian language|Croatian]] (Part III only)
* [[Czech language|Czech]] (Part III only)
* [[German language|German]] (Part III only)
* [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] (Part III only)
* [[Russian language|Russian]] (Part III only)
* [[Serbian language|Serbian]] (Part III only)
* [[Slovak language|Slovak]] (Part III only)
* [[Turkish language|Turkish]] (Part III only)
* [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] (Part III only)
|-
|{{flagcountry|Serbia}}
ratification: 15 February 2006<ref name="Treaty 148"/>
*[[Albanian language|Albanian]]
*[[Bosnian language|Bosnian]]<ref name="Kord"/>
*[[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]
*[[Bunjevac dialect|Bunjevac]]
*[[Croatian language|Croatian]]<ref name="Kord"/>
*[[Czech language|Czech]]
*[[German language|German]]
*[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]
*[[Macedonian language|Macedonian]]
*[[Romani language|Romani]]
*[[Romanian language|Romanian]]
*[[Rusyn language|Rusyn]]
*[[Slovakian language|Slovakian]]
*[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
*"[[Romanian language in Serbia|Vlach]]"
|-
|{{flagcountry|Slovakia}}
ratification: 5 September 2001<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=declarations-by-treaty&numSte=148&codeNature=1&codePays=SLK|title = Full list}}</ref>
* [[Russian language|Russian]]
* [[Serbian language|Serbian]]
* [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]
* [[Croatian language|Croatian]]
* [[Czech language|Czech]]
* [[German language|German]]
* [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]
* [[Polish language|Polish]]
* [[Romani language|Romani]]
*[[Rusyn language|Rusyn]]
* [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
*[[Yiddish]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Slovenia}}
ratification: 4 October 2000<ref name="Treaty 148"/>
*[[Croatian language|Croatian]]
*[[German language|German]]
*[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]
*[[Italian language|Italian]]
*[[Romani language|Romani]]
*[[Serbian language|Serbian]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Spain}}
ratification: 9 April 2001<ref name="Treaty 148"/>
*[[Berber languages|Amazigh]] in [[Melilla]]
*[[Aragonese language|Aragonese]], ''luenga propia'' in [[Aragon]]
*[[Aranese dialect|Aranese]]
*[[Asturian language]], present in Asturias; and in part of Leon, Zamora, Salamanca, Cantabria and Extremadura (recognized in [[Asturias]], [[Castile and León]])
*[[Basque language|Basque]] ([[official language|official]] in the [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]] and part of [[Navarre]])
*[[Catalan language|Catalan]], official in the [[Balearic Islands]] and [[Catalonia]]; ''llengua pròpia'' in [[Aragon]].
*[[Valencian language|Valencian]] (A dialect of Catalan, official in [[Valencia (autonomous community)|Valencia]])<ref name="Valenciano">{{cite web|url=http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/education/minlang/report/EvaluationReports/SpainECRML2_es.pdf|title=Aplicación de la Carta en España, Segundo ciclo de supervisión. Estrasburgo, 11 de diciembre de 2008. A.1.3.28 pag 7; A.2.2.5 |page=107|publisher=Coe.int|access-date=2015-03-01}}</ref>
*[[Galician language|Galician]], present in Galicia; and in part of Asturias, Leon and Zamora provinces (official in [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]])
*[[Leonese dialect|Leonese]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Sweden}}
ratification: 9 February 2000<ref name="Treaty 148"/>
* [[Finnish language|Finnish]]
* [[Meänkieli]]
*[[Lule Sami]]
*[[North Sami language|North Sami]]
*[[South Sámi language|South Sami]]
* [[Romani language|Romani]]
* [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Switzerland}}
ratification: 23 December 1997<ref name="Treaty 148"/>
*[[Franco-Provençal]]
*[[French language|French]]
*[[German language|German]]
* [[Italian language|Italian]]
*[[Romansh language|Romansh]]
*[[Yenish language|Yenish]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Ukraine}}
ratification: 19 September 2005<ref name="Treaty 148"/>
*[[Armenian language|Armenian]]
*[[Belarusian language|Belarusian]]
*[[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]
*[[Crimean Tatar language|Crimean Tatar]]
*[[Gagauz language|Gagauz]]
*[[German language|German]]
*[[Greek language|Greek]]
*[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]
*[[Karaim language|Karaim]]
*[[Krimchak language|Krimchak]]
*[[Moldovan language|Moldovan]]
*[[Polish language|Polish]]
*[[Romani language|Romani]]
*[[Romanian language|Romanian]]
*[[Russian language|Russian]]
*[[Rusyn language|Rusyn]]
*[[Slovakian language|Slovakian]]
*[[Yiddish]]
Ukraine does not specify languages by name, but rather ratifies on behalf of "the languages of the following [[Demographics of Ukraine|ethnic minorities of Ukraine]]<ref name="UA">{{As of|2007|alt=As of}} July 2007, [[Ukraine]]'s entry on the [http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?NT=148&CM=8&DF=23/01/05&CL=ENG&VL=1 Council of Europe site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522083136/http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?NT=148&CM=8&DF=23%2F01%2F05&CL=ENG&VL=1 |date=2012-05-22 }} states the following ''Ukraine declares that the provisions of the Charter shall apply to the languages of the following ethnic minorities of Ukraine : Belarusian, Bulgarian, Gagauz, Greek, Jewish, Crimean Tatar, Moldavian, German, Polish, Russian, Romanian, Slovak and Hungarian''.</ref>
|-
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
ratification : 27 March 2001.<ref name="Treaty 148"/>
*[[Cornish language|Cornish]] (Article 2, Part II only (Article 7))
*[[Irish language in Northern Ireland|Irish]]<br>(Articles 2 and 3, Part II (Article 7) and Part III (Articles 8–14, with reservations))
*[[Scots Language|Scots]] (Articles 2 and 3, Part II only (Article 7))
*[[Ulster Scots dialect|Ulster-Scots]] (Articles 2 and 3, Part II only (Article 7))
*[[Scottish Gaelic]]<br>(Articles 2 and 3, Part II (Article 7) and Part III (Articles 8–14, with reservations)) <br>([[British Nationality Act 1981]], Schedule 1, Article 1(1)(c)[https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/61/schedule/1], and the [[Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005]] [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/asp/2005/7])
*[[Welsh language|Welsh]]<br>(Articles 2 and 3, Part II (Article 7) and Part III (Articles 8–14, with reservations))<br>([[Welsh Language Act 1967]] (repealed 21.12.1993) [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1967/66] and the [[Welsh Language Act 1993]] [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1993/38])
*{{flagcountry|Isle of Man}} <small>(extension : 23 April 2003 (declaration dated 22 April 2003) The Government of the United Kingdom declares [on 23 April 2003] that the Charter should extend to the ''[[Isle of Man]]'', being a territory for whose international relations the Government of the United Kingdom is responsible.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=Full list|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/148/declarations?p_auth=enksD3Uk&_coeconventions_WAR_coeconventionsportlet_enVigueur=false&_coeconventions_WAR_coeconventionsportlet_searchBy=state&_coeconventions_WAR_coeconventionsportlet_codePays=UK&_coeconventions_WAR_coeconventionsportlet_codeNature=4|website=Treaty Office}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Full list|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/148/declarations?p_auth=enksD3Uk&_coeconventions_WAR_coeconventionsportlet_enVigueur=false&_coeconventions_WAR_coeconventionsportlet_searchBy=state&_coeconventions_WAR_coeconventionsportlet_codePays=UK&_coeconventions_WAR_coeconventionsportlet_codeNature=10|website=Treaty Office}}</ref> 27/03/2001)
**[[Manx Gaelic]] (Article 2, Part II only (Article 7))
|}
==See also==
{{Portal|Europe|Language}}
* [[Euromosaic]]
* [[European languages]]
* [[Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities]]
* [[Languages of the European Union]]
* [[Linguistic rights]]
* [[List of Linguistic Rights in Constitutions (Europe)]]
* [[Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights]]
==Notes and references==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{wikisource}}
*[http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/en/Treaties/Html/148.htm European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages text]
*[http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/QueVoulezVous.asp?NT=148&CM=8&DF=23/01/05&CL=ENG More information on the treaty]
*[https://www.coe.int/en/web/european-charter-regional-or-minority-languages Charter website]
*[http://www.eurolang.net Eurolang (News agency about minority languages in Europe)]
*[http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Reports/Html/148.htm Explanatory Report on the Charter]
*[http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/langues-regionales-large-majorite-a-l-assemblee-pour-ratifier-la-charte_1318234.html lexpress.fr] {{in lang|fr}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121227034737/http://assembly.coe.int/ASP/Doc/XrefViewHTML.asp?FileId=13028&Language=en Application of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, Doc. 12881]
{{Minority languages of Europe}}
{{Authority control}}
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